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The authors analyze the reasons for the etsablishment of a regulatory regime for international financial markets in accordance with the ideas of liberal internationalism. They argue that the system of international markets is affected by polymorphy, indicating the existence of different forms of regulation. Five factors produce this polymorphy: the non-existence of a homogenous object of steering, the dynamic nature of these objects, the fact that the purpose of governance is not clearly defined, the dominance of governance by the USA and Great Britain, and governance as a result of a multi-level game with various coalitions. 1 Table, 17 References. Adapted from the source document.

Impaired vision often results in restrictions across diverse key indicators of successful aging. However, little is known about how impaired vision affects the long-term trajectories of these outcomes, whether effects are moderated by age, and whether psychosocial resources beyond well-being such as subjective age views are also affected by vision loss. We analyzed how self-reported vision problems as a time-varying predictor are related to long-term changes in health and cognitive ability (functional health, number of chronic diseases, self-rated health, information processing speed), well-being (life satisfaction, positive and negative affect, depressive symptoms, loneliness), and subjective age views (subjective age; aging-related cognitions: social loss, physical decline, continuous growth). Our sample was derived from the German Ageing Survey, comprising 6,378 individuals (40–89 years) who provided up to four observations over a 9-year period. Controlling for gender, age, education, and functional as well as self-rated health, we observed that both on a between- and a within-person level, indicators of successful aging were consistently less favorable among individuals with more vision problems. Associations between vision problems and functional health became stronger with advancing age. In contrast, with increasing age, vision problems were less closely associated with change in several indicators of psychosocial functioning. Our findings suggest that self-reported visual impairment is associated with restrictions across a broad range of developmental domains. Some detrimental effects of vision problems are augmented in later life, whereas several effects on well-being and subjective age views were attenuated with advancing age, which might indicate processes of late-life adaptation to vision loss.

The transition of autonomous vehicles into fleets requires an advanced control system design that relies on continuous feedback from the tires. Smart tires enable continuous monitoring of dynamic parameters by combining strain sensing with traditional tire functions. Here, we provide breakthrough in this direction by demonstrating tire-integrated system that combines direct mask-less 3D printed strain gauges, flexible piezoelectric energy harvester for powering the sensors and secure wireless data transfer electronics, and machine learning for predictive data analysis. Ink of graphene based material was designed to directly print strain sensor for measuring tire-road interactions under varying driving speeds, normal load, and tire pressure. A secure wireless data transfer hardware powered by a piezoelectric patch is implemented to demonstrate self-powered sensing and wireless communication capability. Combined, this study significantly advances the design and fabrication of cost-effective smart tires by demonstrating practical self-powered wireless strain sensing capability. Designing efficient sensors for smart tires for autonomous vehicles remains a challenge. Here, the authors present a tire-integrated system that combines direct mask-less 3D printed strain gauges, flexible piezoelectric energy harvester for powering the sensors and secure wireless data transfer electronics, and machine learning for predictive data analysis. ; National Science Foundation through I/UCRC: Center for Energy-Harvesting Materials and Systems (CEHMS); Office of Naval ResearchOffice of Naval Research [N000141712520, N000141613043]; National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation (NSF) [ECCS-1832865]; Air Force Office of Scientific ResearchUnited States Department of DefenseAir Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-17-1-0341]; NSF-CREST grant [HRD-1547771]; Energy Technology Development Project (KETEP) - Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, Republic of Korea [2018201010636A]; National Research Council of Science & Technology (NST) grant by the Korea government (MSIP) [CAP-17-04-KRISS]; DARPA MATRIX program ; D.M. and S.P. gratefully acknowledge financial support from National Science Foundation through I/UCRC: Center for Energy-Harvesting Materials and Systems (CEHMS). P.K. acknowledges the financial support through Office of Naval Research through grant number N000141712520. Y.Y. acknowledges the financial support through the National Science Foundation through grant number ECCS-1832865. M.G.K. acknowledges the support through the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under award number FA9550-17-1-0341. R.S. acknowledges the support through Office of Naval Research through grant number N000141613043. H.C.S. acknowledges support through the NSF-CREST grant number HRD-1547771, the Energy Technology Development Project (KETEP) grant funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, Republic of Korea (2018201010636A), and the National Research Council of Science & Technology (NST) grant by the Korea government (MSIP) (No. CAP-17-04-KRISS). R.A.K. acknowledges the financial support through DARPA MATRIX program.

Mediation, as a means to end armed conflicts, has gained prominence particularly in the past 25 years. This article reviews peace mediation research to date, with a particular focus on quantitative studies as well as on significant theoretical and conceptual works. The growing literature on international mediation has made considerable progress towards understanding the conditions under which mediation processes help bring armed conflicts to peaceful ends. Still, the field of international mediation faces a number of problems. In this article, we aim to identify findings on mediation frequency, strategies, bias, and coordination as well as on trends in defining success. Although previous research has generated important insights, there are still unresolved issues and discrepancies which future mediation research needs to explore. Many of the challenges that the field faces could be managed by giving greater attention to accumulative knowledge production, more disaggregated analysis, and a closer dialogue between policy and research.

In light of the omnipresence of personal information exchange in the virtual world, this study examines the effects of Facebook use on privacy perceptions and self-disclosure behaviors across a 5-year period from 2010 to 2015. Findings at the global level support the socializing role of Facebook in cultivating more relaxed privacy attitudes, subsequently increasing self-disclosure in both offline and online contexts. However, longitudinal trends indicate that while risk perceptions increased for heavy users, they remained stable for light users. Furthermore, the negative relationship between privacy concerns and self-disclosure weakened across time. Implications for the application of cultivation theory to a contemporary social media context and the year-to-year changes in the impact of Facebook use on privacy attitudes and self-disclosure are discussed.

This book offers a unique guide to medical ethics and law for applicants to medical school, current medical students at all stages of their training, those attending postgraduate ethics courses and clinicians involved in teaching. It will also prove a useful guide for any healthcare professional with an interest in medical ethics and law. It provides comprehensive coverage of the core curriculum (as recently revised) and clear demonstration of how to pass examinations, both written and practical. The title also considers the ethical dilemmas that students can encounter during their training. T

The study empirically analyses the determinants of self-employment from unemployment in Slovakia in the period of economic boom. The previous employment of individuals before support is proving to be an important factor in the transition to self-employment. We believe that the importance lies in gaining a practical basis from past jobs, market orientation or establishing contacts before starting a business. Practical courses and support in the form of a tax loan would contribute to the creation of value-added business ideas that have a better chance on the labour market (because after support there is entrepreneurship only in less capital-intensive industries). The paper examines short-term and long-term perspectives using decision trees and random forests, which are exceptionally used in the study of public support. At the same time, research is enriched with practical perspectives, which significantly increases the information base of research.

UN General Assembly Resolution 64/292 of 28 July 2010 recognizes the right to the access to clean water & sanitation as a fundamental human right. It calls on states & international organizations to provide financial resources, build capacity and transfer technology, in particular to developing countries. Formally, the resolution is a non-binding recommendation. The most significant implication of the resolution is that the right to water & sanitation has been officially recognized by all states, not allowing them to refute its existence, especially in political matters & international legal proceedings. Maintaining that particulars to the right to water & sanitation still need to be clarified, the resolution does not, however, explore its various contextual dimensions. Imperative for the resolution's success, states must believe they can indeed backup their words with actions. In order to promote the resolution's success, it is therefore essential that the resolution's level of state implementation be analyzed & the work of the independent expert be allowed to continue in Fall 2011. Adapted from the source document.

636Economics, trade and finance — European Financial Stability Facility — European Monetary Union — Fiscal sovereignty — Conditionally — Public debt — Bailout — Fiscal transfers — Guarantees — Debt restructuring — European Union — International Monetary FundState — Self-determination — Sovereignty — Irreducible minimum of sovereignty — Control over budget — Constitutional limitations on the transfer of budgetary powerTreaties — Constitutional limitations on treaty-making power — Transfer of powers by States to intergovernmental and other transnational authorities — Whether compatible with constitutional prerogatives of national parliament — The law of Germany