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Law No. 19,889 dated July 9, 2020, sanctioned by the procedure of bill with declaration of urgent consideration established in Article 168 numeral 7° of the Constitution, modified articles of the Childhood and Adolescence Code referring to adolescents in conflict with criminal law. This article will analyze these modifications, contrasting them with international conventions and covenants, other international human rights instruments, with the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and with the Constitution of Uruguay. It is observed that the amendments referring to adolescents in conflict with criminal law contained in Law No. 19,889 are regressive and violate principles enshrined in the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the American Convention on Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, the Beijing Rules, the Havana Rules, the Riyadh Guidelines and norms of the Constitution. It is concluded that the legal norms related to adolescents in conflict with the criminal law that modified the Code of Childhood and Adolescence are unconventional and unconstitutional. ; La Ley N° 19.889 de fecha 9 de julio de 2020, sancionada por el procedimiento de proyecto de ley con declaratoria de urgente consideración consagrado en el artículo 168 numeral 7° de la Constitución, modificó artículos del Código de la Niñez y la Adolescencia referidos a los adolescentes en conflicto con la ley penal. El presente artículo analizará dichas modificaciones contrastándolas con convenciones y pactos internacionales, otros instrumentos internacionales de derechos humanos, con la jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos y con la Constitución de Uruguay. Se observa que las modificaciones referidas a adolescentes en conflicto con la ley penal consagradas por la Ley N° 19.889 son regresivas y violatorias de principios consagrados en la Convención sobre los Derechos del Niño, la Convención Americana de Derechos Humanos, el Pacto Internacional de Derechos Civiles y Políticos, la Convención de Viena Sobre el Derecho de los Tratados, las Reglas de Beijing, las Reglas de La Habana, las Directrices de Riad y normas de la Constitución. Se concluye que las normas jurídicas relativas a los adolescentes en conflicto con la ley penal que modificaron el Código de la Niñez y la Adolescencia son inconvencionales e inconstitucionales.

Chapter 1. Introduction: Mapping the Emerging Field of Constitutional Advice -- Chapter 2. Some Advice on Constitutional Advice -- Chapter 3. Do We Need Constitutional Advice? Denmark – The Story of a Self-Sufficient Political System -- Chapter 4. Constitutional Advice and Signals in the Netherlands: Actors and Impact -- Chapter 5. The Council of State of Belgium: Advising the Political Branches, and the Constitutional Court -- Chapter 6. Advising on Constitutional Matters in a Mixed Legal System: The Example of Cyprus -- Chapter 7. Understanding the Dilemma of Constitutional Advice in Transitional Societies: A Comparative Analysis of Ghana and Colombia -- Chapter 8. Openness of Constitutional Review: A Comparative Analysis of How Transparency is Ensured in Ex Ante Constitutional Review -- Chapter 9. Constitutional Reasoning There and Back Again: The Facebook Oversight Board as a Source of Transnational Constitutional Advice -- Chapter 10. Advisory Opinions of the Dutch Council of State as Contributions to a Constitutional Dialogue -- Chapter 11. Courts as Consiglieri: Advisory Opinions in a Comparative Constitutional Perspective.

Approximately five million people were forcefully displaced by the civil war in Colombia. The 2011 Colombian Victims' Law is intended to provide property restitution to some of the individuals displaced as a result of human rights and humanitarian law violations. During the conflict, however, land titles and property rights were transferred to corporations, including foreign corporations protected by international investment law. The impact of the restitution process outlined in the Victims' Law on foreign corporations raises concerns that international investment law may inhibit the full realisation of the Victims' Law's restitution process. This article uses the Colombian context to explore broader issues of the impact investment law's protection of foreign corporations can have on transitional justice initiatives aimed at remedying and redressing serious and systematic human rights and humanitarian law violations.

The individual in international law — Aliens — Position of — Treatment by and responsibilities of the receiving State — Refugees — Return visit to State of origin — Circumstances in which withdrawal of refugee status is justified — Effect on minors of withdrawal of refugee status of their father — Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, 1951, Article 1, paragraph C — The law of Switzerland

The individual in international law — In general — Human rights and freedoms — European Convention on Human Rights, 1950 — Article 6 (1) — Right to a hearing within a reasonable time in determination of criminal charge — Appropriate remedy for violation — Whether proceedings should be stayed — Whether violation to be taken into account in calculating sentence — The law of the Federal Republic of Germany

States as international persons — In general — Conduct of foreign relations — Executive power to conduct foreign relations — Vietnam conflict — Whether lawful — Whether war crimes being committed — the law of the United StatesWar and Neutrality — War in general — Enforcement of the laws of war — Punishment of war crimes — Legality of United States' action in Vietnam — Whether United States' forces in Vietnam committing war crimes — The law of the United States

The individual in international law — Aliens — Position of — Treatment by and responsibilities of receiving State — Stateless persons — Convention relating to the Status of Stateless persons, 1954 (Article 7(2)) — Dispensation from legislative reciprocity — Diplomatic reciprocity distinguished — Benefit of certain French social security legislation dependent on conclusion of treaties of reciprocity — Whether stateless persons may benefit — The law of France

Disputes — Unilateral means of redress short of war — Reprisals — Public administration of foreign property directed against measures of confiscation taken by foreign State — Competence to impose reprisals — General principles of international law — European Convention on Human Rights, First Protocol — Distinction between expropriation and adminstration of private property — Competence of individual government department to impose reprisals — The law of Austria.

The individual in international law — Human rights and freedoms — European Convention for Protection of — European Commission of Human Rights — Right to fair administration of justice (Article 6) — Right to free legal assistance (Article 6 (3) (c)) — Limitation on right of accused to choose own counsel — Errors of fact or law by national courts — Competence of Commission (Article 19).

International organization — Officials — International administrative tribunals — Membership — Nemo judex in re sua — Publication of comments on judgments — Tribunal's duty to ascertain the law proprio motu.

International Organizations — Officials of — Contracts of Employment — Frustration of — Effects of War — Assessment of Damages — General Principles of Law — International Institute of Intellectual Go-operation.