Suchergebnisse

Dwelling on the negative -- Alchemies of reconciliation after mass atrocity -- Anger, resentment, and ressentiment -- Philosophy on the border -- Book outline -- Revisisiting the truth and reconciliation commission of South Africa -- Commissioning anger -- Re-viewing a miracle -- The truth and reconciliation commission of South Africa -- The hearings -- This is not a court of law -- Forgiving and its alternatives -- Facing resistance -- The therapy of anger -- What victims feel and want -- Getting on with life -- The lures of the therapeutic perspective -- Desmond tutu on anger -- Those who will not forgive resentment : a legitimate moral sentiment? -- Anger, Ubuntu, and social harmony -- Boosterism of forgiveness -- Layers and remainders -- Nested resentments -- Acknowledging remainders : the constitutional court -- Tansition to part two -- Jean Améry on resentment and reconciliation -- Contextualizing "ressentiments" -- From South Africa to post-war Germany -- Jean Améry : life and works -- Beyond guilt and atonement -- Germany, 1945-1965 -- Reading "ressentiments" -- Opening moves -- From clarification to justification -- Reimagining ressentiment -- The origins of Améry's ressentiment -- Reforming ressentiment -- Facing the irreversible -- The zustand passage -- The twisted sense of time -- The absurd demand -- Changing the past or its significance--to the present? -- Ambiguities of ressentiment and reconciliation -- Restoring coexistence -- Moral conflict resolution -- Ressentiment and the release from abandonment -- Rehabilitating the "man of ressentiment" -- Guilt and responsibility -- Collective guilt -- Heirs to responsibility -- Wishful thinking? -- A moral daydream -- Resentment and self-preoccupation -- Awakening -- A multifarious reception -- Heyd and Chaumont -- Neiman and Amben -- Walker and Remtma

Rarely do academics and policymakers have the opportunity to sit down together and contemplate the broadest consequences of war. Our comprehension has traditionally been limited to war's causes, execution, promotion, opposition, and immediate political and economic ends and aftermath. But just as public health researchers are becoming aware of unexpected, subtle and powerful consequences of human economic action, we are beginning to realize that war has many short- and long-term consequences that we poorly understand but cannot afford to neglect. These papers contribute to a growing discourse among academics, scholars and lawmakers that is questioning and rethinking the nature and purpose of war. By studying the effects of war on communities we can more readily understand and anticipate the consequences of present and future conflicts. Such an understanding might well enable us to plan and execute military action with a more clearly defined set of post-war goals in mind. Whereas traditionally a government at war seeks the defeat of the adversary as its primary and often sole aim, through a clearer understanding of war's effects other aims will also become prominent. War, like surgery, could gradually become more refined, could minimize damage in ways that are currently unimaginable, and could involve an increasingly heavy responsibility to prepare for and facilitate reconstruction. Projects such as this volume are, of course, only the beginning. The more we understand the evolving nature of war, the better prepared we will be to protect communities from its harmful effects.

'Home sweet home': historical perspectives on health and the home / Mark Jackson -- 'A bill of divorcement': theatrical and cinematic portrayals of mental and marital breakdown in a dysfunctional upper-middle-class family, 1921-31 / Michael J. Clark -- Desperate housewives and model amoebae: the invention of suburban neurosis in inter-war Britain / Rhodri Hayward -- Anne Sexton's poetics of the suburbs / Jo Gill -- Housewives, neuroses and the domestic environment in Britain, 1945-70 / Ali Haggett -- 'I thought you would want to come and see his home': child guidance and psychiatric social work in inter-war period Britain / John Stewart -- Rabbits and rebels: the medicalisation of maladjusted children in mid-twentieth-century Britain / Sarah Hayes -- 'Allergy con amore': psychosomatic medicine and the 'asthmogenic home' in the mid-twentieth century / Mark Jackson -- 'Skeletons in the medicine closet': women and 'rational consumption' in the inter-war American home / Nancy Tomes -- The home fires: heat, health and atmospheric pollution in Britain, 1900-45 / Stephen Mosley -- Coal, clean air and the regulation of the domestic hearth in post-war Britain / Catherine Mills -- Cockroaches, housing, and race: a history of asthma and urban ecology in America / Gregg Mitman -- Social science, housing and the debate over transmitted deprivation / John Welshman -- The home as environment: changing understandings from the history of childhood lead poisoning / John Burnham -- Into the mouths of babes: hyperactivity, food additives, and the reception of the Feingold diet / Matthew Smith

Rarely do academics and policymakers have the opportunity to sit down together and contemplate the broadest consequences of war. Our comprehension has traditionally been limited to war?s causes, execution, promotion, opposition, and immediate political and economic ends and aftermath. But just as public health researchers are becoming aware of unexpected, subtle and powerful consequences of human economic action, we are beginning to realize that war has many short- and long-term consequences that we poorly understand but cannot afford to neglect. These papers contribute to a growing discourse among academics, scholars and lawmakers that is questioning and rethinking the nature and purpose of war. By studying the effects of war on communities we can more readily understand and anticipate the consequences of present and future conflicts. Such an understanding might well enable us to plan and execute military action with a more clearly defined set of post-war goals in mind. Whereas traditionally a government at war seeks the defeat of the adversary as its primary and often sole aim, through a clearer understanding of war?s effects other aims will also become prominent. War, like surgery, could gradually become more refined, could minimize damage in ways that are currently unimaginable, and could involve an increasingly heavy responsibility to prepare for and facilitate reconstruction. Projects such as this volume are, of course, only the beginning. The more we understand the evolving nature of war, the better prepared we will be to protect communities from its harmful effects.

Fostering and supporting start-up businesses by unemployed persons has become an increasingly important issue in many European countries. These new ventures are being supported by various governmental programs. Potential benefits include not only the end of unemployment for the new entrepreneur but also some further positive effects, e.g., direct job creation. However, it is often feared that the previously unemployed lack the basic qualifications to become entrepreneurs. Empirical evidence on skill-composition, direct job creation and other key variables is rather scarce, largely because of inadequate data availability. We base our analysis on a unique and very informative survey data containing a representative sample of over 3,100 start-ups founded by unemployed persons in Germany. Individuals were subsidized under two different schemes, and we are able to draw on extensive pre- and post-founding information concerning the characteristics of the business (start-up capital, industry, etc.) and of the business founders (education, motivation, preparation, etc.). We find that formerly unemployed founders are motivated by push and pull factors. Using a proportional hazard duration model with unobserved heterogeneity allows us to analyze the characteristics which drive success of the businesses. While survival rates 2.5 years after business founding are quite high (around 70%) for both programs and genders, the characteristics of the newly developed businesses are heterogeneous. -- Start-up subsidies ; self-employment ; unemployment ; direct employment effects ; survival

Founded in 1909 as a "garden suburb" of the Mediterranean port of Jaffa, Tel Aviv soon became a model of Jewish self-rule and was celebrated as a jewel in the crown of Hebrew revival. Over time the city has transformed into a lively metropolis, renowned for its architecture and culture, openness and vitality. A young city about to celebrate its 100th anniversity, the mythic Tel Aviv continues to represent a fundamental idea that transcends the physical texture of the city and the everyday experiences of its residents. Combining historical research and cultural analysis, Maoz Azaryahu explores the different myths that have been part of the vernacular and perception of the city. He relates Tel Aviv's mythology to its physicality through buildings, streets, personal experiences, and municipal policies. With critical insight, he evaluates specific myths and their propagation in the spheres of both official and popular culture. Azaryahu explores three distinct stages in the history of the mythic Tel Aviv: "The First Hebrew City" assesses Tel Aviv as Zionist vision and seed of the actual city; "Non-Stop City" depicts trendy, global post-Zionist Tel Aviv; and "The White City" describes Tel Aviv's architectural landscape, created in the 1930s and imbued with nostalgia and local prestige. 'Tel Aviv: Mythography of a City' will appeal to urban geographers, cultural historians, scholars of myth, and students of Israeli society and culture.

Introduction: the story of Japan after World War II -- The catalyst for change -- The problem and the questions -- The literature -- Elite Interviews -- The variables -- Objectives and expected significance of the book -- Ouline of the book -- The legacy of the occupation: an abnormal foreign policy -- Historical background -- Japanese foreign and security policy 1952-1990 -- The Gulf War requires change -- The Gulf War and Japanese foreign policy -- The peace keeping operations law (PKO) -- Towards a security council seat and beyond -- Theorectically speaking: realism and alternative security -- Japanese limitations -- Alternative security -- The theoretical foundations of foreign policy restructuring -- Alternative views of Japanese security -- Foreign-policy restructuring in Japan -- A model of foreign-policy restructuring -- Talking to the policy makers themselves -- What are the foreign-policy makers thinking -- Planning for Japan's future security -- Japan's national security -- Abandonment -- Japan's options -- The myth of Gaiatsu: how Japan views its place in the world -- Adjusting to the post-cold war world -- Gaiatsu -- The myth of Gaiatsu -- What is Japan doing? -- Triangulating politics: America, China, and Japan -- The China question -- The question of North Korea -- Japanese policy: action and reaction -- Where is Japan going? -- The wide view of Japanese security -- Future sources of foreign policy: the diet -- Constitutional reform: potential for constitutional revision -- The SDF in Japanese foreign policy -- World leadership -- Japan's limitations -- Japanese hegemony? -- Japan's future -- Suggestions for foreign policy normalization -- Implications for Hermann's model: what have we learned?

Social Change in Contemporary China offers a wide-ranging examination of Chinese institutional change in areas of education, religion, health care, economics, labor, family, and local communities in the post-Mao era. Based on the pioneering work of sociologist C.K. Yang (1911-1999), and his institutional diffusion theory, the essays analyze and develop the theory as it applies to both public and private institutions. The interrelationship of these institutions composes what Yang termed the Chinese "system," and affects nearly every aspect of life. Yang examined the influence of external factors on each institution, such as the influence of Westernization and Communism on family, and the impact of industrialization on rural markets. He also analyzed the impact of public opinion and past culture on institutions, therein revealing the circular nature of diffusion. Perhaps most significant are Yang's insights on the role of religion in Chinese society. Despite the common perception that China had no religion, he uncovers the influence of classical Confucianism as the basis for many ethical value systems, and follows its diffusion into state and kinship systems, as well as Taoism and Buddhism. Writing in the early years of Communism, Yang had little hard data with which to test his theories. The contributors to this volume expand upon Yang's groundbreaking approach and apply the model of diffusion to a rapidly evolving contemporary China, providing a window into an increasingly modern Chinese society and its institutions

Is growth theory a real subject? /Franklin M. Fisher --What is endogenous growth theory? /Mark Roberts and Mark Setterfield --Is the natural rate of growth exogenous? /Miguel Leon-Ledesma and A.P. Thirlwall --The representative firm and increasing returns : then and now /Stephanie Blankenberg and G.C. Harcourt --A dynamic framework for Keynesian theories of the business cycle and growth /Pedro Leão --A Keynesian model of unemployment and growth : theory /John Cornwall --A Keynesian model of unemployment and growth : an empirical test /Wendy Cornwall --The relevance of the Cambridge-Cambridge controversies in capital theory for econometric practice /G.C. Harcourt --Foreign direct investment and productivity spillovers : a sceptical analysis of some OECD economies /Carlos Rodríguez, Carmen Gomez, and Jesus Ferreiro --Increasing returns and the distribution of manufacturing productivity in the EU regions /Bernand Fingleton and Enrique López-Bazo --The role of wage-setting in a growth strategy for Europe /Andrew Watt --Economic growth and beta-convergence in the East European transition economies /Nigel F.B. Allington and John S.L. McCombie --Knowledge externalities and growth in peripheral regions /Fabiana Santos, Marco Crocco, and Frederico Jayme, Jr. --Knowledge, human capital and foreign direct investment in developing countries : recent trends from an endogenous growth theory perspective /Diana V. Barrowclough --Is growth alone sufficient to reduce poverty? : in search of the trickle down effect in rural India /Santonu Basu and Sushanta Mallick --Strategy for economic growth in Brazil : a post Keynesian approach /José L. Oreiro and Luiz Fernando de Paula.

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: An Overview on the Ever-Changing Notion of Affirmative Action in Higher Education -- 1 How Did We Get to This Point? A Brief History of the Usage of Affirmative Action in Higher Education from the Tumultuous Civil Rights Era to Gratz and Grutter in 2003 -- 2 Gratz v. Bollinger and Grutter v. Bollinger: The Changing Affirmative Action Analysis -- 3 How Colleges and Universities Revised or Eliminated Affirmative Action Programs in the Immediate Aftermath of the Gratz and Grutter Decisions -- 4 What about Affirmative Action in "Percentage Plan" States? The Unsettled Status of Affirmative Action in Higher Education in California, Texas, and Florida after Gratz and Grutter -- 5 General Advice to Students and Parents in Navigating the Maze -- 6 Six Steps to Completing the Compelling Application Essay -- 7 Consideration of Historically Black Colleges and Universities: Admittedly a "Different World -- 8 Congratulations: You've Been Accepted to College, but Now Need to Pay for It: Financial Aid and Student Aid in the Post-Gratz and Grutter World -- 9 Veterans and Affirmative Action -- 10 Affirmative Action in the Coming Years -- Appendix A Four-Year Degree-Granting Colleges and Universities, The Use of Affirmative Action (or Lack Thereof), and Minority Enrollment Data -- Appendix B Department of Education Guidelines on Use of Race in Financial Aid Decisions/Awards -- Appendix C Recommended Resources and Internet Sites -- Appendix D The College Application Checklist -- Notes -- Index.

"Cover" -- "Title Page" -- "Copyright Page" -- "Table of Contents" -- "Notes on Contributors" -- "Introduction" -- "PART I: CLASSICAL ROOTS" -- "1 Religion as an Elementary Aspect of Society: Durkheim's Legacy for Social Theory" -- "2 Weber, Rationalisation, and Religious Evolution in the Modern Era" -- "3 Spiritualism and the (Re-)Enchantment of Modernity" -- "4 Trajectories of Faith in the Global Age: Classical Theory and Contemporary Evidence" -- "5 'Magico-popular Religion' in Contemporary Society: Towards a Post-Western Sociology of Religion" -- "PART II: NEW GROWTH" -- "6 Religion in Ultramodernity" -- "7 Theodicy, Distribution of Risk, and Reflexive Modernisation: Explaining the Cultural Significance of New Religious Movements" -- "8 Privatisation, Globalisation, and Religious Innovation: Giddens' Theory of Modernity and the Refutation of Secularisation Theory" -- "9 From Creeds to Burgers: Religious Control, Spiritual Search, and the Future of the World" -- "10 Understanding Honour and Religion as Resource and Constraint for Young British Asians" -- "11 Preference Structures and Normative Constraints in Movements Outside, Between, and Within Religious Organisations" -- "PART III: FRESH BLOOMS" -- "12 Narrative Versus Theory in the Sociology of Religion: Five Stories of Religion's Place in the Late Modern World" -- "13 'A Minimalist Sociology of Religion'?" -- "14 New Media, Niche Markets, and the Body: Excarnate and Hypercarnate Challenges for Theory and Theology" -- "15 Inner Speech and Religious Traditions" -- "16 Sickness and Salvation: Social Theories of the Body in the Sociology of Religion" -- "17 Breaching Bleaching: Integrating Studies of 'Race' and Ethnicity with the Sociology of Religion

Cover -- Half Title -- Dedication -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of figures -- List of contributors -- General Editor's preface -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- Part One Politics and the Parameters of Protest -- 1 Rock protest songs: so many and so few -- 2 The decline and rebirth of folk-protest music -- 3 Available rebels and folk authenticities: Michelle Shocked and Billy Bragg -- 4 The pop star as politician: from Belafonte to Bono, from creativity to conscience -- Part Two Monophony or Polyphony? -- 5 The future is history: hip-hop in the aftermath of (post)modernity -- 6 Everyday people: popular music, race and the articulation and formation of class identity in the United States -- 7 Gender as anomaly: women in rap -- Part Three The Problems of Place -- 8 Protest Music as 'ego-enhancement': reggae music, the Rastafarian movement and the re-examination of race and identity in Jamaica -- 9 'We have survived': popular music as a representation of Australian Aboriginal cultural loss and reclamation -- 10 The bleak country? The Black Country and the rhetoric of escape -- Part Four The Paradox of Anti-Social Protest -- 11 Communities of resistance: heavy metal as a reinvention of social technology -- 12 The handmade tale: cassette-tapes, authorship, and the privatization of the Pacific Northwest independent music scene -- 13 Gothic music and the decadent individual -- 14 Straight, narrow and dull: the failure of protest in straight edge rock 'n' roll -- Bibliography -- Discography -- Index

Post conflict peace-building in Bougainville has been a success story so far, and prospects for state-building look promising. Indigenous customary methods of conflict transformation have contributed decisively to the success of peace-building.At present Bougainvilleans are pursuing a new form of state-building that does not simply copy the western model of the state but draws on customary ways that are deeply rooted in the local communities. Hence the Bougainville case challenges the popular discourse on fragile and failed states, as well as the conventional western state-building policies that flow from them. It demonstrates that conflict prevention, dispute resolution and peace-building will have to take the hybridity of political orders in the Pacific as a starting point, building on their strenghts and developing them further. Building a form of citizenship that is based on the communal identites of the people on the ground is at least as important as building state capacities for sustainable peace and order. A positive mutual accomodation of traditional non-state societal institutions and modern state-based institutions can lead to a new type of statehood that will provide a sound framework for the long-term stabilisation of the peace and for the non-violent conduct of conflicts. External actors such as donor agencies and international organisations will be well advised to take this into account when trying to assist state-building endeavours in Bougainville and elsewhere in the Global South

Part one: Defining Kurdish nationalism Halliday, Fred: Can we write a modernist history of Kurdish nationalism? - S. 11-20 Bruinessen, Martin van: Kurdish paths to nation. - S. 21-48 Vali, Abbas: The Kurds and their 'others' : fragmented identity and fragmented politics. - S. 49-78 Dawod, Hosham: Ethnicity and power : some reflections on ethnic definitions and boundaries. - S. 79-89 Part two: Society, language, culture and history Zubaida, Sami: Religion and ethnicity as politicized boundaries. - S. 93-102 Blau, Joyce: Refinement and oppression of Kurdish language. - S. 103-112 O'Shea, Maria: Tying down the territory : conceptions and misconceptions of early Kurdish history. - S. 113-129 Bozarslan, Hamit: Tribal Asabiyya and Kurdish politics : a socio-historical perspective. - S. 130-147 Part three: Kurds in Iraq Leezenberg, Michiel: Urbanization, privatization, and patronage : the political economy of Iraqi Kurdistan. - S. 151-179 Eskander, Saad B.: Fayli Kurds of Baghdad and the Ba'ath regime. - S. 180-202 Leezenberg, Michiel: Political Islam among the Kurds. - S. 203-227 Part four: Post-conflict Iraq Gunter, Michael M.: Federalism and the Kurds of Iraq : the solution or the problem? - S. 231-257 Stansfield, Gareth: Finding a dangerous equilibrium : internal politics in Iraqi Kurdistan - parties, tribes, religion and ethnicity reconsidered. - S. 258-276 Jabar, Faleh A.: Arab nationalism versus Kurdish nationalism : reflections on structural parallels and discontinuities. - S. 277-306

Dead ends of transition: rentier economies and protectorates / Michael Daudersẗ(c)Þdt -- Transformation of "Protectorates": building effective, accountable states / Barnett R. Rubin -- Authoritarian retier states in the broader development context / Richard M. Auty -- The "Resource curse": as empirical overview / Indra De Soysa -- Institutions, human capital, and diversification of rentier economies / Thorvaldur Gylfason -- Context, path dependency, and oil-based development in the Gulf of Guinea / Ricardo M. S. Soares de Olivera -- Oil funds as a policy instrument to promote transparency and accountability for economic development in oil-rich countries / Ugo Fasano -- Rents, reform, and authoritarianism in the Middle East / Oliver Schlumberger -- Oil wealth and regime change / Benjamin Smith -- Avoiding the resource curse: what can we learn from the case of Botswana? / Transparency International -- Regulating resource governance: the role of governments, companies, and civil society organizations / Wolf-Christian Paes -- Economic causes and consequences of civil war: a discussion of the possible policy interventions / Paul Collier and Anke Hoeffler -- Development challenges for post-conflict protectorates / Willemijn Verkoren -- The transformation of protectorates: case study of Iraq, with particular reference to the Central Bank / Simon Gray -- Transforming Liberia and Sierra Leone: a paradox of external intervention / Judy Smith-H(c)œhn -- Transforming Kosovo: searching the balance between market discipline and political stability / Andreas Wittkowsky -- Making sure that institutions matter: democratization through undemocratic means in Bosnia-Herzegovina / Thorsten Gromes -- Transformation in European protectorates: from Sarajevo to Pristina / Gerald Knauss