Suchergebnisse

Cet ouvrage est disponible en libre accès sur le site de l'éditeur: https://ecommons.aku.edu/uk_ismc_series_emc/7/ ; International audience ; This comparative approach to the various uses of the ethnographic method in research about Islam in anthropology and other social sciences is particularly relevant in the current climate. Political discourses and stereotypical media portrayals of Islam as a monolithic civilisation have prevented the emergence of cultural pluralism and individual freedom.This book counters such discourses by showing the diversity and plurality of Muslim societies and by promoting reflection on how the ethnographic method allows the description, representation and analysis of the social and cultural complexity of Muslim societies in the discourse of anthropology.Table of ContentsIntroduction, Baudouin Dupret, Thomas Pierret, Paulo Pinto and Kathryn Spellman-Poots;Part One: Rituals and Symbols: 1. Black Magic, Divination and Remedial Reproductive Agency in Northern Pakistan, Emma Varley; 2. Preparing for the Hajj in Contemporary Tunisia: Between Religious and Administrative Ritual, Katia Boissevain; 3. 'There Used To Be Terrible Disbelief': Mourning and Social Change in Northern Syria, Katharina Lange; 4. Manifestations of Ashura among Young British Shi'is , Kathryn Spellman-Poots; 5. The Ma'ruf: An Ethnography of Ritual (South Algeria), Yazid Ben Hounet; 6. The Sufi Ritual of the Darb al-Shish and the Ethnography of Religious Experience, Paulo G. Pinto; 7. Preaching for Converts: Knowledge and Power in the Sunni Community in Rio de Janeiro, Gisele Fonseca Chagas; 8. Worshipping the Martyr President: The Darih of Rafiq Hariri in Beirut, Ward Vloerberghs; 9. Staging the Authority of the Ulama: The Celebration of the Mawlid in Urban Syria, Thomas Pierret;Part Two: Practices and Actions, Cedric Baylocq and Akila Drici-Bechikh; 10. The Salafi and the Others: An Ethnography of Intracommunal Relations in French Islam, Cedric Baylocq and Akila Drici-Bechiki; 11. Describing Religious Practices among ...

Cet ouvrage est disponible en libre accès sur le site de l'éditeur: https://ecommons.aku.edu/uk_ismc_series_emc/7/ ; International audience ; This comparative approach to the various uses of the ethnographic method in research about Islam in anthropology and other social sciences is particularly relevant in the current climate. Political discourses and stereotypical media portrayals of Islam as a monolithic civilisation have prevented the emergence of cultural pluralism and individual freedom.This book counters such discourses by showing the diversity and plurality of Muslim societies and by promoting reflection on how the ethnographic method allows the description, representation and analysis of the social and cultural complexity of Muslim societies in the discourse of anthropology.Table of ContentsIntroduction, Baudouin Dupret, Thomas Pierret, Paulo Pinto and Kathryn Spellman-Poots;Part One: Rituals and Symbols: 1. Black Magic, Divination and Remedial Reproductive Agency in Northern Pakistan, Emma Varley; 2. Preparing for the Hajj in Contemporary Tunisia: Between Religious and Administrative Ritual, Katia Boissevain; 3. 'There Used To Be Terrible Disbelief': Mourning and Social Change in Northern Syria, Katharina Lange; 4. Manifestations of Ashura among Young British Shi'is , Kathryn Spellman-Poots; 5. The Ma'ruf: An Ethnography of Ritual (South Algeria), Yazid Ben Hounet; 6. The Sufi Ritual of the Darb al-Shish and the Ethnography of Religious Experience, Paulo G. Pinto; 7. Preaching for Converts: Knowledge and Power in the Sunni Community in Rio de Janeiro, Gisele Fonseca Chagas; 8. Worshipping the Martyr President: The Darih of Rafiq Hariri in Beirut, Ward Vloerberghs; 9. Staging the Authority of the Ulama: The Celebration of the Mawlid in Urban Syria, Thomas Pierret;Part Two: Practices and Actions, Cedric Baylocq and Akila Drici-Bechikh; 10. The Salafi and the Others: An Ethnography of Intracommunal Relations in French Islam, Cedric Baylocq and Akila Drici-Bechiki; 11. Describing Religious Practices among ...

International audience ; Beirut-Damascus, 1928 : Veiling and UnveilingThis article seeks to understand how, at the end of the 1920s, following two decades of militancy towards national emancipation in which women were strongly active, the "feminine question" in Syria and Lebanon came to center on clothing, in particular the hijâb or Islamic headscarf. The hijâb issue created new conflicts between Moslems and non-Moslems, city-dwellers and rural folk. This analysis of the invention of an Islamic tradition focuses, in particular, on a young Moslem theologian, Nazîra Zayn al-Dîn, her work al-sufûr wa-l-hijâb (Veil and unveiling) and its reception. A response to the political imposition of the wearing of the hijâb in cities, the book became a bestseller in 1928. Both in its content and its authorship by a 20-year-old woman, the book engaged a theoretical debate concerning feminine spirituality and social visibility. Heir to a nascent feminist tradition, Nazîra transformed this national issue into a social question. Because of this fact, she blazed a trail in the defense of a feminine cause: that of the rights of women as neither alternative nor subordinate to the defense of the nation, but rather as an effective political instrument to assert nationalist objectives. ; Cet article cherche à comprendre comment, à la fin des années 1920, à la suite de deux décennies de militantisme tourné vers l'émancipation nationale auquel les femmes étaient largement associées, la « question féminine » s'est polarisée en Syrie et au Liban autour de la tenue vestimentaire et particulièrement du hijâb (voile islamique), faisant surgir des oppositions nouvelles entre musulmanes et non-musulmanes, citadines et rurales. L'analyse de ce moment d'invention d'une tradition islamique s'intéresse particulièrement à l'ouvrage d'une jeune théologienne musulmane, Nazîra Zayn al-Dîn, Al-sufûr wa-l-hijâb (Voile et dévoilement), et à sa réception. Réponse à la volonté politique d'imposer le port du hijâb dans les villes, il rencontre un grand ...

On 30 January 2004, after months of negotiations between Hizbullah and the state of Israel via German mediators, a major exchange of bodies and prisoners was completed. In return for a kidnapped Israeli citizen—alleged to belong to Israeli intelligence services—and the bodies of three Israeli soldiers captured three years previously, Israel released twenty-nine Lebanese and other Arab prisoners, the remains of fifty-nine Lebanese citizens, and, astonishingly, 400 Palestinian prisoners. The prisoner release was something of a coup for Hizbullah and its success led Hizbullah on 12 July 2006 to emulate the same capture operation hoping to precipitate the release of the last remaining Lebanese prisoners in Israeli prisons. In 2004, many from across the political spectrum in Lebanon and Palestine praised Hizbullah's achievement. In Beirut, the welcoming ceremonies for the released Palestinian prisoners were awash in both Palestinian and Lebanese flags. Among the celebrants were tens of thousands of Palestinians. The superior effectiveness of Hizbullah in comparison with then Palestinian leadership was not lost on observers. After all, in its most successful negotiations with the Israeli state the previous August, then Palestinian Prime Minister Abu Mazen had been able to secure the release of only 338 Palestinian prisoners of Israel, most of whom had reached the end of their terms anyway. In his welcoming speech to his Palestinian and Lebanese audience, Hizbullah Secretary General, Sayyid Hasan Nasrallah, further took a swipe at the Fatah-dominated Palestinian National Authority (PNA) by insisting that "We should not fall under any illusions and let ourselves believe that peaceful negotiations are an alternative to military resistance. Effective [military] resistance was the main factor behind our success" (Daily Star, 30 Jan. 2004, my emphases). One Lebanese analyst claimed that the Hizbullah success could not possibly be "a popular deal with Palestinian leadership" (Daily Star, 26 Jan. 2004), because it showed the relative effectiveness of Hizbullah compared to the Fatah-dominated PNA.

How family relationships are conceived, both materially and discursively, in the aftermath of war is critical for understanding the processes of construction and reconstruction of the "social" in times of turmoil. The active engagement of families with and response to long-term violence is a trigger for change in the gendered and aged relationships within patriarchal families. Under conditions when the "social" is challenged, social rules are destablized, the expected is less certain, those living the social may see possibilities (for better or for worse) that were not as visible (or extant) previously. The ways in which family members represent family relationships, in these moments, tells a story of emergent changes within families which might not be as evident observationally. Such discourses, which may not correspond to what an anthropologist observes, might be dismissed as misrepresentations or they might be calibrated for later analysis when their meanings are clearer. As family relationships are crucial to social institutions in most Middle Eastern countries, shifts within family relationships have repercussions throughout society. This paper calibrates such registers of emergent change in family relationships in a small village, just east of Beirut, in the immediate aftermath of the cessation of the Civil War which raged in Lebanon from 1975-1990. Discourses of family relationships among the villagers often differed markedly from what I found in my observations among these families. I observed intact families which were intensely involved in each other's affairs and wellbeing. Family members, however, reported stories of the "family" in crisis in Lebanon. The disparity in my observations and their discourses emerges in part from the fact that I was observing "their" families, while they were talking about "the family" in Lebanon. The intensify of family life I observed may be an expression of their will and efforts to hold on to family relationships as they knew them prior to the war, in the face of challenges to those relationships they saw in the society at large.

The focus of this study is the "Syria Mission", directed by the Protestant missionary society American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM) from 1819 to 1870 in the Ottoman province of Syria, operating mainly within the territory of present-day Lebanon. The analysis of the cultural transfer between the Ottoman Empire and the United States of America undertaken in this study focuses on four relevant protagonists, whose contributions have not yet been sufficiently explored in missiological studies: The missionaries Eli Smith and Cornelius Van Dyck as well as the Syrian Protestants Butrus al-Bustani and John Wortabet. As a result, the Syria Mission of the ABCFM demonstrates how two different cultures met in a so called contact zone in the mission field and how these dialogue partners, despite many conflicts and disagreements, succeeded in contributing towards a fruitful dialogue. - Im Zentrum der Untersuchung steht die Syrienmission der protestantischen Missionsgesellschaft American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM), die sich von 1819 bis 1870 in der Osmanischen Provinz Syrien, d.h. auf dem Gebiet des heutigen Libanon, etablierte. Die Analyse des kulturellen Austausches zwischen dem Osmanischen Reich und den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika setzt bei vier wichtigen Protagonisten an, die in der bisherigen missionsgeschichtlichen Forschung nicht ausführlich bzw. gar nicht Beachtung fanden: Die Missionare Eli Smith und Cornelius Van Dyck sowie die syrischen Protestanten Butrus al-Bustani und John Wortabet. Die Syrienmission des ABCFM ist ein Beispiel dafür, wie zwei verschiedene Kulturen in der sogenannten contact zone der Missionsstationen aufeinander trafen und trotz Konflikten und Meinungsverschiedenheiten zu einem fruchtbaren Dialog gelangen konnten.

Mon intervention portera sur les raisons qui font que le patrimoine urbain et architectural à Beyrouth ne peut être sauvegardé. En quelque sorte, l'intervention va à contre-courant des autres papiers, qui sont bien plus optimistes. La ligne directrice de ma pensée est que les différents stades que le capitalisme a traversés depuis le milieu du XIXe siècle ont généré des formes architecturales et urbaines différents à Beyrouth ; celles-ci sont simplement l'expression matérielle des enjeux des acteurs sociaux du capitalisme libanais, régional ou mondial. Il s'en suit que le débat sur le patrimoine est celui de la relation entre l'espace et sa valeur marchande ou symbolique déterminée par des acteurs de l'économie à des moments historiques précis. Comprendre l'échec des politiques de sauvegarde du patrimoine à Beyrouth (ou au Liban) renvoie donc à saisir les logiques de production de l'espace urbain selon les intérêts de groupes au pouvoir au cœur du dispositif du capitalisme et de ses relais.

Mon intervention portera sur les raisons qui font que le patrimoine urbain et architectural à Beyrouth ne peut être sauvegardé. En quelque sorte, l'intervention va à contre-courant des autres papiers, qui sont bien plus optimistes. La ligne directrice de ma pensée est que les différents stades que le capitalisme a traversés depuis le milieu du XIXe siècle ont généré des formes architecturales et urbaines différents à Beyrouth ; celles-ci sont simplement l'expression matérielle des enjeux des acteurs sociaux du capitalisme libanais, régional ou mondial. Il s'en suit que le débat sur le patrimoine est celui de la relation entre l'espace et sa valeur marchande ou symbolique déterminée par des acteurs de l'économie à des moments historiques précis. Comprendre l'échec des politiques de sauvegarde du patrimoine à Beyrouth (ou au Liban) renvoie donc à saisir les logiques de production de l'espace urbain selon les intérêts de groupes au pouvoir au cœur du dispositif du capitalisme et de ses relais.

Mon intervention portera sur les raisons qui font que le patrimoine urbain et architectural à Beyrouth ne peut être sauvegardé. En quelque sorte, l'intervention va à contre-courant des autres papiers, qui sont bien plus optimistes. La ligne directrice de ma pensée est que les différents stades que le capitalisme a traversés depuis le milieu du XIXe siècle ont généré des formes architecturales et urbaines différents à Beyrouth ; celles-ci sont simplement l'expression matérielle des enjeux des acteurs sociaux du capitalisme libanais, régional ou mondial. Il s'en suit que le débat sur le patrimoine est celui de la relation entre l'espace et sa valeur marchande ou symbolique déterminée par des acteurs de l'économie à des moments historiques précis. Comprendre l'échec des politiques de sauvegarde du patrimoine à Beyrouth (ou au Liban) renvoie donc à saisir les logiques de production de l'espace urbain selon les intérêts de groupes au pouvoir au cœur du dispositif du capitalisme et de ses relais.

This book advances the reflexion into how temporary urbanism is shaping cities across the world. Temporary urbanism has become a core concept in urban development, and its application is increasingly crossing the borders of both the North and the Global South. There is a need to reflect upon the diverse ways of understanding and implementing the temporary in the production of space internationally and discuss what this means, for both research and practice. Divided into two sections, the book compiles and reflects upon the various attempts to reframe and reconceptualise temporary urbanism. The first section focuses on reframing and reconceptualising temporary urbanisms. It develops the argument that temporary urbanism allows a reinterrogation of the role of temporalities and non-permanence into the place-making process and hence in the production and reproduction of cities, including the adaptability of existing spaces and production of new spaces. While drawing upon different theoretical and conceptual framings (permeability, assemblage, rhythms, waiting, …), authors bring insights from various case studies: the Dublin Biennial (Ireland), temporary uses in Geneva (Switzerland), temporary urban settlements in sub-Saharan Africa, refugees' camp in Beirut (Lebanon) and political protests in Skopje (Republic of Macedonia). The second section looks at unwrapping the complexity and diversity of temporary urbanisms. It aims at securing a better understanding of the complexity and diversity of temporary urbanism, including a dialogue between various experiences both in the Global North and in the Global South. It looks at the implications of temporary urbanism in the delivery of planning and considers how and by whom cities are governed and transformed. Again, a range of examples are mobilised by contributors spanning from temporary uses and projects in London (UK), Santiago (Chile), Paris (France), Vancouver (Canada), Barcelona (Spain), Budapest (Hungary), Beijing (China), Sao Paulo (Brazil) and Milwaukee (USA). This book will be of interests to all researchers, practitioners, and students who want to gain a more thorough understanding of the topic of temporary urbanism, compare its diversity and similarities across different contexts, and reflect on the wider implications of temporary urbanisms for urban transformations.

Introduction : cities in the Middle East : beyond "middle easternism" / Haim Yacobi and Mansour Nnasasra -- In the eyes of some Britons : Aleppo, a cosmpolitan city / Mohammad Sakhnini -- The making of Tehran : the incremental encroachment of modernity / M. Reza Shirazi and Somaiyeh Falahat -- Dotting urban spaces : Jewish survival politics in current Casablanca / André Levy -- Queer urban movements in Tel Aviv and Jerusalem : a comparative discussion / Chen Misgav and Gilly Hartal -- The home in the Middle Eastern city : a contact zone of contradictory memories and belonging in Jaffa / Tovi Fenster -- Gaza's historical cycles of prosperity and sestruction : is the present an aberration? / Yasmeen El Khoudary -- Erasing memories of Palestine in settler-colonial urban space : the case of Haifa / Yara Hawari -- Beersheba and the dynamics of a Palestinian city : Bedouin networks with Gaza, Jerusalem and Istanbul / Mansour Nasasra -- Understanding the materiality of suspicion : affective politics in MENA cities / Mark Levine and Maria Frederika Malmström -- Borders, boundaries and frontiers : on Jerusalem's present geopolitics / Haim Yacobi -- "A demarcation in the hearts" : everyday urban frontiers in Beirut / Sara Fregonese -- Tourism and urbanism in Iran : top-down and ad hoc developments in the Caspian Region / Pamela Karimi -- The politics of building in post-revolution Tehran / Azadeh Meshayekhi -- Revisiting Sanaa's urban planning and development challenges / Wafa al-Daily -- Marrakesh : a fresh perspective : moving from a form-based planning to a value-based approach / Iqbal Khaiy -- Securitisation of urban electricity supply : a political ecology perspective on the cases of Jordan and Lebanon / Eric Verdeil -- The rise of a Saharan city : urban development, tribal settlement, and political unrest in Laâyoune / Tara F. Deubel and Aomar Boum -- Rethinking "building resilience" : conflict and the Middle East city / Bruce Stanley -- Erasing Palimpsest city : boom, bust and urbicide in Turkey / Kerem Öktem -- Hebron : challenging the "urbicide" / Marion Lecoquierre -- The impact of internal displacement in the Kurdistan region of Iraq : IDPS, inter-ethnic relations and social cohesion in Duhok / Alex Munoz and Kelsey Shanks -- Can integration offer Iraqi refugees in Damascus a durable solution? / Salam Arabi Katbi -- Growth, aspiration, and consolidation in Ramallah / Kareem Rabie -- Political economy of tourism development in the Gulf : the cases of Muscat and Doha / Angeline Turner

AbstractIntroductionThe Syrian crisis, followed by a financial crisis, port explosion, and COVID-19, have put enormous strain on Lebanon's health system. Syrian refugees and the vulnerable host population have a high burden of Non-communicable Diseases (NCD) morbidity and unmet mental health, psychosocial and rehabilitation needs. The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) recently introduced integrated NCD services within its package of primary care in Lebanon, which includes NCD primary health care, rehabilitation, and mental health and psychosocial support services. We aimed to identify relevant outcomes for people living with NCDs from refugee and host communities in northern Lebanon, as well as to define the processes needed to achieve them through an integrated model of care. Given the complexity of the health system in which the interventions are delivered, and the limited practical guidance on integration, we considered systems thinking to be the most appropriate methodological approach.MethodsA Theory of Change (ToC) workshop and follow-up meetings were held online by the ICRC, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and the American University of Beirut in 2021. ToC is a participatory and iterative planning process involving key stakeholders, and seeks to understand a process of change by mapping out intermediate and long-term outcomes along hypothesised causal pathways. Participants included academics, and ICRC regional, coordination, and headquarters staff.ResultsWe identified two distinct pathways to integrated NCD primary care: a multidisciplinary service pathway and a patient and family support pathway. These were interdependent and linked via an essential social worker role and a robust information system. We also defined a list of key assumptions and interventions to achieve integration, and developed a list of monitoring indicators.DiscussionToC is a useful tool to deconstruct the complexity of integrating NCD services. We highlight that integrated care rests on multidisciplinary and patient-centred approaches, which depend on a well-trained and resourced team, strong leadership, and adequate information systems. This paper provides the first theory-driven road map of implementation pathways, to help support the integration of NCD care for crises-affected populations in Lebanon and globally.

This brief analyses Salafism as an urban phenomenon, with an emphasis on the contentious period following the Syrian uprising turned civil war (2011–present). To understand Salafism's popular appeal, it is necessary to examine the pathways of resistance in specific urban contexts. In Lebanon, Salafism expanded from its Tripoli centre to secondary towns and cities such as Sidon, where Sheikh Ahmad Assir's neo-Salafism became a political force and can be classified as a "new social movement". Neo-Salafism, is not built on religious credentials and authority, but combines populism with sectarianism. This also accounts for its popular appeal, especially after 2011, when the Syrian conflict stoked Sunni-Shia tensions and anti-Hizbollah rhetoric. The erosion of Sunni political pre-eminence ("Sunnism") and the crises in the Sunni religious (Dar al-Fatwa) and political establishment (Future Movement), prompted a temporary shift from "Harirism" to "Sheikism" that transferred the moral leadership of the Sunni community from the political elite to the lay town preacher; Sheikh Ahmad al-Assir. This also involved a shift in the locus of contentious politics from the capital Beirut to secondary cities such as Sidon and a strategic shift from electoral politics to grassroots' protests, sit-ins and rallies. Ultimately this led to an armed confrontation that crushed the Assir-movement, eroded its popular support and was followed by an electoral defeat that made political elites reassert control. HYRES – Hybrid Pathways to Resistance in the Islamic World HYRES studies the interaction between Islamist movements and the state in the cases of Iraq, Lebanon, Libya and Mali, and is designed to answer the following question: Why do some Islamist groups pursue their political and religious project within the state to which they belong – while other Islamist groups refuse to accept these borders, seeking instead to establish new polities, such as restoring the Islamic Caliphate? HYRES is funded by the Norwegian Research Council. For further information about HYRES see https://www.nupi.no/nupi_eng/About-NUPI/Projects-centres-and-programmes/Hybrid-paths-to-resistance-in-the-Muslim-world-Iraq-Lebanon-Libya-and-Mali. ; Sunnism, Salafism, Sheikism: Urban Pathways of Resistance in Sidon, Lebanon ; publishedVersion

Chronique classified in European Human Rights Law RDLF 2018, chron. No 09 Mot (s). ECtHR, ECtHR, geolocation, anti-doping struggle, sport, sportsmen, private life Par Mathieu Maisonneuve, seconded professor at the University of Saint-Joseph (Beirut) ECHR, 5nd sect., 18 January 2018, Fédération nationale des associations et des syndications sportsmes (FNASS) and Others v. France, Nos 48151/11 and 77769/13. All (or almost) doped? This only engages the populi vox. All (or almost) subject to a regime exorbitant from the ordinary law? This is provided for in global anti-doping law. A regime compatible with respect for the fundamental rights and freedoms of sportsmen and sportsmen? 'Second-class citizens', 'sub-citizen [s]', some of the legal literature questions. It is true that, from the right to a fair trial, and in particular to an independent and impartial tribunal, to the free disposal of its body, to the necessary proportionality of sanctions, the right to respect for private and family life, and the freedom to go and come, there is no lack of risk of infringement. On 18 January 2018, it was one of this that, by a judgment of the Chamber, the European Court of Human Rights ruled out: the inconventionality of the localisation obligations imposed on sportsmen and sportspersons belonging to a 'target group'; in other words, and in short, the threefold obligation incumbent on them, on pain of disciplinary action, to provide quarterly precise information on where they will be present, to indicate, for each day of the quarter concerned, a one-hour slot during which they will be available for inspection, and, if necessary, to update that information in good time. While the applications on which the Court ruled were formally directed against France, the scope of the judgment goes far beyond the question of the conventionality of the contested national provisions. The localisation obligations at issue, laid down in the Sports Code and specified in directives issued by the French Anti-Doping Agency (AFLD), are merely the ...