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The Advisory Opinion handed down by the World Court on July 20, 1962, concerning Certain Expenses of the United Nations has become a political cause célèbre in so far as the majority judicial position in it was backed up by the Western-sponsored action, in terms of Article 19 of the United Nations Charter, to deprive the Soviet Union and France of their vote in the General Assembly. The Advisory Opinion of the World Court has, however, its own intrinsic interest in terms of juristic method and of basic Soviet and Western differences in scientific approach to law. In his dissenting, judicial opinion in that case, the then President of the Court, the Polish jurist, Judge Winiarski, formulated principles of interpretation which reveal, very dramatically, the basic doctrinal differences between Soviet bloc and Western jurists as to the nature and character of the Charter. As President Winiarski commented:The Charter has set forth the purposes of the United Nations in very wide, and for that reason too indefinite, terms. But… it does not follow, far from it, that the Organisation is entitled to seek to achieve those purposes by no matter what means. The fact that an organ of the United Nations is seeking to achieve one of those purposes does not suffice to render its action lawful. The Charter, a multilateral treaty which was the result of prolonged and laborious negotiations, carefully created organs and determined their competence and means of action.

During the Trump administration, official daily newsletters served as an important form of communication between the President and his constituents. These newsletters provided an overview of how the Trump Administration perceived conflict in the international system, the role and characteristics of the United States and other actors, and policy priorities. These newsletters, 1600 Daily, West Wing Reads, and Resolute Reads, provided a unique and important data source for understanding the Trump administration's strategic narratives on the international system, especially in the realm of conflict. This article analyzes 810 daily newsletters from March 2017 to March 2020 to assess the administration's narratives about the international system and several areas of conflict including relations with North Korea, Russia, and China. As the past four years of the Trump presidency saw tensions increase in many areas of American foreign policy, it is necessary to understand the narratives that shaped the Trump administration's combative approach to diplomacy. The authors find that the strategic narratives of the Trump administration took a unilateral, transactional, and zero-sum approach to foreign policy. The newsletters reflected a prioritization of conflict with long-held allies and a focus on competition with enemies who undermine US dominance in the international system, mainly China and Russia. Within this discussion of foreign policy, this research additionally found a significant emphasis on trade policy, set within a conflictual, mercantilist framework. These newsletters set out conflictual strategic narratives that sought to shape the international system.

The article "Importance of studying international law in the preparation of high-qualified lawyers in Uzbekistan". The article considers the issues of the reform in higher education at the present stage, as well as the role and significance of the international law and European law in training highly qualified lawyers for the government, law enforcement and the private sector in Uzbekistan.

The article is devoted to the study of scientific knowledge on the general organizational conditions for corporate governance in an agrarian integrated enterprise. Based on the analysis of scientific knowledge on the conditions and features of corporate governance in integrated agricultural structures, the authors have found that relations arise not between the owners of a corporation, but between the corporation and the owners, and thus relations in the group of owners are absent or minimized. In practice, the key element of contracting is not an attempt to determine the behavior of the CEO in all possible situations, but to develop a structured system of remuneration for managers. The main goal of this operation is to find the optimal combination of different types of remuneration for top managers, which will ensure mutually beneficial interests of both shareholders and managers of the corporation. The author proves that the most effective mechanism of internal control over the activities of a corporation's management personnel is to involve shareholders in protecting their interests through agents (outsiders) who are not employees of the corporation but are vested with certain controlling powers. It is assumed that these agents will not be directly related to the operational management of the corporation, and thus they become the defenders of the interests of the owners. It is found that there is a direct relationship between agency conflicts and corporate governance mechanisms. The result of the study is the identification of positive and negative aspects of capital concentration in a corporation. This leads to the conclusion that with an increase in the manager's shareholding, the level of agency conflicts decreases. The authors propose a detailed model of corporate governance that takes into account the interests of all participants. The conflict of interests between owners and managers of a corporate structure is investigated. The peculiarities of functioning of the external mechanism of control by the financial market in the corporate governance system and their shortcomings are highlighted. The institutional factors influencing the corporate governance system of an integrated agricultural enterprise are demonstrated. Keywords: corporate governance, agricultural enterprise, integrated structure, financial market, control mechanism.