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Using the example of ghosts and religion, this paper argues for the importance of social context and background operative in Hobbes's account of social life and, in particular, the role of environment, education, and language in explaining much of what we think we know, and much of what we believe. The paper looks to aspects of Hobbes's epistemology and his account of belief, to make the case that he recognizes how a kind of social conditioning is required to sustain certain beliefs. The paper briefly concludes with a focus on the commonwealth itself and how the example of religion and religious belief extends to the commonwealth and the kinds of beliefs required for the commonwealth to sustain itself.

It is always misleading, and sometimes dangerous, to suppose that the current problems represent no more than a recapitulation of earlier and intractable difficulties. An inhibiting sense of déjà vu numbs the mind and distracts attention from the essential novelty of deceptively familiar issues. The contemporary interaction of religion and politics in Western societies is as different from nineteenth–century contests between traditional faiths and their critics as it is distant from medieval versions of the church and state question. These truisms are well illustrated by the attempt made in this article to apply some of the harder lessons of historical and of cross–national studies to current debates on changing relations between organised religion and public education.

Background: Religion and spirituality can be valuable resources in coping with bereavement. There is a paucity of studies focusing specifically on their role in suicide bereavement, although there are indications that religion/spirituality can be helpful for suicide survivors. Aims: The study explores the role of religion and/or spirituality in suicide bereavement by analyzing this theme in online memorials dedicated to suicide victims. Method: We randomly selected 250 memorials in two online cemeteries: Faces of Suicide and Gone too Soon. Interpretative and deductive thematic analysis was used to identify themes in the collected material, including the theme of religion/spirituality. Results: References to religion/spirituality were found in 14% of memorials. These memorials were written by family members, friends, and (ex-)partners of the deceased and were dedicated mostly to young adult males. Religion/spirituality was mentioned in the context of God's will, peace wish, continuation of the spirit, afterlife, reunion, gratitude, description of the deceased, and grief reactions of suicide survivors. Conclusion: Some suicide survivors spontaneously mention the role of religious/spiritual beliefs in coping with their loss. Future studies could explore which subgroups of the bereaved are likely to turn to these resources, and whether they can contribute to the well-being of the suicide survivors.

RESEÑADESACATOS. MERCADO Y RELIGIÓN CONTEMPORÁNEA, NÚM. 18, CIESAS, MÉXICO, 2005. RENÉE DE LA TORRE Y CRISTINA GUTIÉRREZ (COORDS.)

Morrison reviews Religion and the American Constitutional Experiment: Essential Rights and Liberties, 2nd ed by John Witte Jr.

Amb el suport econòmic del Govern del País Basc 2017-2020 (Ref.: POS_2016_01_0022) ; This article examines religious leaders' engagements with gender transformative activism during prevention training workshops for sexual and gender-based violence. I draw on ethnographic fieldwork carried out in 2017 and 2018 in a South African NGO that promotes gender equality and human rights across Africa. My aim is twofold: to explore the tensions between the private and public dimensions of religious leaders' engagement with gender transformative activism; and to demonstrate how they navigate those tensions by co-creating an 'interstitial' language and social space that allows them to conform new emotional repertoires, meanings and practices that ought to transform their gendered relations. I argue that doing so enables leaders to become tactical when engaging with gender activism in adverse religious contexts. By acting in the form of tactical activism, they establish interstices where religious and secular stances on gender can intersect whilst at the same time coping with the difficulties of inducing change in the given patriarchal structures.

New approaches to understanding the significance of movements by the poor in Latin America for social change, as well as the role of religion as a key factor for social mobilization, have been developed. It is now possible to perceive the importance of messianic & revolutionary movements since the colonial period, & also the different forms of religious commitment that motivate people to reject or accept modernization. Several case studies from Catholicism & Protestantism are considered. Adapted from the source document.

Menschenrechte bilden die Grundlage von Gerechtigkeit, doch sie geraten zunehmend unter Druck. Im Spannungsfeld zwischen dem universalen Anspruch der Menschenrechte, der Partikularität menschlichen Lebens und den Herausforderungen der Weltwirtschaft ergeben sich bisher ungelöste Fragen. Der Arbeitsweise von Ingeborg G. Gabriel folgend, werden in diesem Band aktuelle Herausforderungen analysiert und mögliche Zukunftsperspektiven aus unterschiedlichen Disziplinen beleuchtet. Religionen aus einer Innen- und Außenperspektive kommt dabei eine zentrale Rolle zu, dialogfördernd zu wirken und für Lösungen zu sensibilisieren. Im Hinblick auf eine neue Ordnung unserer Weltwirtschaft werden praktische Wege für eine Revision der Hausregeln aufgezeigt. So ist der Band eine Einladung zum interdisziplinären, interreligiösen und ökumenischen Weiterdenken, um die Welt gemeinsam zu einem gerechteren und friedlicheren Ort zu machen. Human rights as the basis of justice are under increasing pressure. In the background, there are still unsolved questions about the relationship between the universal claim to human rights and the particularity of human life, but also the challenges of the global economy. Following the research approach by Ingeborg G. Gabriel, current challenges are analyzed and possible future perspectives from different disciplines are examined. Religions from an internal and external perspective play the central role in promoting dialogues. With regard to a new order of our world economy, the volume shows practical ways for a revision of the house rules. The book is an invitation to interdisciplinary, interreligious and ecumenical thinking, in order to make the world together a more just and peaceful place.

How should religion and ethics be studied if we want to understand what people believe and why they act the way they do? In the 1980s and '90s postmodernist worries about led to debates that turned on power, truth, and relativism. Since the turn of the century scholars impressed by 'cognitive science' have introduced concepts drawn from evolutionary biology, neurosciences, and linguistics in the attempt to provide 'naturalist' accounts of religion. Deploying concepts andarguments that have their roots in the pragmatism of C. S. Peirce, Believing and Acting argues that both approaches are misgu