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Examines the discipline of international relations in Europe. This book focuses particularly on IR theory, and theoretical debates in Western and Central European countries. The main issues addressed include the historical development of the discipline; factors driving IR theorizing; the institutional and cultural context of theorizing; and more

Scholarship on the politics of secrecy in international relations and foreign policy has experienced tremendous growth in recent years. This article begins by providing an overview of this literature, analyzing the conditions under which leaders opt for secrecy in both economic and security domains. These motivations differ greatly depending on whether the presumed audience from which a leader keeps a secret is domestic, international, or corporate in nature. Next, it considers methodological innovations and challenges, particularly in the measurement of secrecy. Finally, it reflects on the lessons learned and discusses some exciting questions that scholars could explore in future research. As a burgeoning field within international relations, the study of secrecy offers a variety of promising and potentially fruitful directions.

This title provides an authoritative account of the controversy about the first great debate in the field of international relations.

Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- 1 The theoretical foundations of constructivism and its treatment of law -- Introduction -- ONUF -- Introduction -- Rules -- Agency -- Conclusion -- KRATOCHWIL -- Introduction -- Intersubjectivity -- Change -- The causal power of norms -- Kratochwil and the law -- International law -- Conclusion -- 2 Challenging the common sense idea of law -- Introduction: setting the scene -- The common sense view of law -- Formalism -- Legal reasoning in the common sense idea of law -- Syllogism and deductive reasoning -- Reasoning by analogy -- Precedent -- Flexibility and legal Reasoning: how legal reasoning actually works -- Anti-formalism and the middle way -- Conclusion: how to understand law -- 3 Introducing critical jurisprudence -- Introduction -- The sociological movement -- From sociological to 8216;critical8217; approaches -- Marxism and the conflict model of society -- Re-imagining a Marxist theory of law -- Critical legal studies -- Legal indeterminacy -- Feminism: critical jurisprudence in action -- Conclusion -- 4 Brown, desegregation and racism in America: the myth and reality of law8217;s ability to solve complex social problems -- Introduction -- The 8216;story8217; of Brown -- The NAACP8217;s litigation strategy -- A direct attack on Plessy: beyond 8216;separate but equal8217; -- The case and the opinion -- Explaining Brown -- Brown and civil rights reform: a different reading of Brown -- The courts and social change -- Brown and the law -- Conclusion -- 5 Constructing rape: defining the problem and finding the solution -- Introduction -- The problem with rape -- The 1970s and 1980s: treatment of complainants -- New Labour reform: the preoccupation with conviction rates -- Reform -- Attrition rates -- Competing narratives of the rape problem -- Feminist interpretations -- Third phase feminism -- Conclusion -- 6 Law and normative backsliding: torture since 9/11 -- Introduction -- The evolution of constructivism -- Theories of norm evolution post-9/11 -- Norm evolution as a ratchet -- The role of law in normative backsliding -- Conclusion -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Index.

No-one seriously doubts the importance of E. H. Carr in the history of the study of international relations. The publication of The Twenty Years' "Crisis, 1919–1939, in 1939 marked a turning point in international theory, ending, as it did in Britain, the dominance of the more traditional 'pro-gressivist' or 'idealist' schools of thought characterized in the writings of, for example, Norman Angell, Bertrand Russell, Alfred Zimmern, Arnold Toynbee, G. Lowes Dickinson and others. The bulk of Carr's work in the field was written in the twenty or so years between 1936 (when he accepted the Woodrow Wilson Chair of International Politics at Aberystwyth) and 1955 (when he accepted a Fellowship at Trinity, his old Cambridge College), and since then his energies have been concentrated on his abiding concern with the history of Soviet Russia. Nevertheless, he is still an important figure in the field and although international relations has not been his life' work, his unique contribution to its understanding, ensures him a permanent place in the British tradition of international studies.

Recognition in general comes in many flavours, and so do desires and hopes for recognition. The same is true of recognition of agency in particular. In this short text, I will engage in some basic conceptual work that could be useful for thinking about the theme of this special issue. I will, first, distinguish between several forms of agency that matter in international relations (though not only there) and that can be either recognised or remain unrecognised. Second, I will reflect on what exactly it may mean to 'recognise' agency of these various kinds. Finally, I will discuss possible uses of the denial of agency in international relations.