Suchergebnisse

Along with the communicative functions of language, there is always a social function to show the role played by language in the society. This function can be seen in the field of sociolinguistics through code-switching. The current study aims to investigate the motivations behind code-switching between Arabic and English by Arab young people in their daily conversations from a sociolinguistic perspective. The researcher employed a qualitative analytical approach to obtain the results. Thus, this research paper focuses on analyzing and discussing semi-structured interviews with Arab young people to gain information on code-switching in their daily conversations. Data was collected through conducting the interviews and transcribing them for analysis. The findings of the study indicate that there are five motivations behind Arabic-English code switching among Arab young people; excluding group members, showing social status, expressing literacy, expressing belonging to a certain group and finally affirming their identity. The current study is meant to contribute to the development of the sociolinguistic field when it comes to the Arabic-English language pair.

Abstract: Of the major threats to contemporary mankind, is the use of very dangerous and lethal biological agents as the biological weapons. The first step in confronting with this serious threat after prevention, is the accurate and rapid detection of this agents and neutralization of them. In this article, the role of molecules known as aptamer, has been studied in biological defense against these menacing biological agents. Traditional methods for detection of these agents are based primarily on immuno-affinity assays and the use of antibody molecules. While the modern methods, based on aptamer-affinity assays, are being replaced with traditional methods, due to the abundant advantages of them. The selection and preparation method of specific aptamer with high binding affinity to these biological agents is known as SELEX and the use of magnetic nanoparticles to perform this procedure (Mag-SELEX) is very common. The isolated aptamers with high specificity can also be used in neutralization and inhibition of menacing agents function, in addition to, quick and accurate diagnosis of these agents, utilizing them in nano-biosensors, based on aptamers (as the nano-aptasensors). Keywords: Aptamer, SELEX, nano aptasensor, diagnosis and neutralization, menacing biological agents.

Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is known as an oncovirus and associates with several human malignancies such as Burkitt's lymphoma, other non-Hodgkin lymphomas, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Hodgkin's disease, gastric adenocarcinoma, etc. in Burkitt's lymphoma, and the key event is the translocation of MYC gene, that increase of cell survival and aberrant expression of MYC gene. The biology of EBV and its function in the development of Burkitt's lymphoma are discussed in this review

Cyclophosphamide is an anticancer drug that acts as an alkylating agent after metabolism in the liver. Despite its many clinical applications in cancer treatment, this drug has toxic effects on the body's organs, especially the genitals. One of the most critical side effects is a change in the function of the female reproductive system, which can lead to infertility. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant effects of coenzyme Q10 on cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity in vitro fertilized embryos in mice. In this experimental study, 24 female mice weighing 25 g 4 groups of 6 were divided and treated for 21 days. The first group (control group), solvent (cyclophosphamide) including DMSO and PBS (0.1 ml intraperitoneally), the second group (sham group), cyclophosphamide at a dose of 10 mg/kg was injected as a single dose, and the third group (experimental group), along with single-dose cyclophosphamide, coenzyme Q10 at a dose of 200 mg/kg/day was injected intraperitoneally and the fourth group (positive control group), only coenzyme Q10 at a dose of 200 mg/kg/day was injected intraperitoneally. At the end of the treatment period, ovulation stimulation was performed using PMSG and HCG hormones. Six adult male mice were used to prepare normal sperm. The animals were facilitated after anesthesia. After extraction of regular eggs and sperm and fertilization in HTF + 4 mg BSA medium, the fertilized eggs were incubated for 120 hours, and the embryonic developmental stages were examined during this period. Were analyzed by ANOVA and comparison of ratios. Cyclophosphamide significantly reduced oocyte quality, fertilization rate, pre-implantation embryonic development, and embryo quality. Coenzyme Q10 (Co Q10) significantly reduced the adverse effects of cyclophosphamide. The present study showed that crocin could protect the fertility of the female sex against damage caused by cyclophosphamide.

Ruminants are one of the largest anthropogenic methane and nitrous oxide emissions. Therefore, the hypothesis was to study the effects of reducing dietary crude protein (CP) level on environmental contaminators when rumen-protected amino acids and choline chloride were supplemented. Sixty Holstein dairy cows were used during the experiment. Test diets were: (1) CD = Control diet with16.2 g of crude protein/ Kg of DM); (2) LM = Low protein diet with 14.2 g of crude protein/ Kg of DM + methionine ; (3) LL = Low protein diet with 14.2 g of crude protein/ Kg of DM + lysine; (4) LML = Low protein diet with 14.2 g of crude protein/ Kg of DM + methionine + lysine; (5) LMLC = Low protein diet with 14.2 g of crude protein/ Kg of DM + methionine + lysine + choline. Dry matter and NDF intake were not different, but the control group received higher CP and ADF compared with other groups (P < 0.05). Fecal CP and ADF of control group were lower (P < 0.05), but no differences were observed for fecal dry matter (DM) and NDF. Milk yield and protein content were higher for LML and LMLC like control group (P < 0.05). Nitrogen intake, urinary N, urinary urea N and total excreta N decreased (P < 0.05) when animals fed low protein. There was no difference in ruminal pH and acetate to propionate ratio, whereas the ruminal ammonia-N decreased with the low protein (P < 0.05). The 120-h gas production test, showed no difference on the kinetics of digestion and in vitro methane emission. However, the inclusion of DMI in the calculations revealed that low protein can reduce (P < 0.05) methane emission. Overall, our findings indicated that low protein can be compensated for by adding rumen-protected amino acids, not only to maintain the animal performance, but also to decrease nitrogen excretion and methane emission.

Unser zukünftiges Leben soll von der Künstlichen Intelligenz revolutioniert werden. Aber wer profitiert von der gewonnenen Effizienz und für wen wird Künstliche Intelligenz zu einer echten Gefahr? Welche Konsequenzen wird es für die Demokratie und die offene, vielfältige Gesellschaft geben? Und wird KI künftig auch für jene von Nutzen sein, die heute von Diskriminierung, menschenfeindlicher Gewalt und gesellschaftlichen Ausschlüssen betroffen sind?Diesen und weiteren Fragen widmen sich die Beiträger_innen des vierten Bands der Edition Bildungsstätte Anne Frank. In den einzelnen Texten beschäftigen sie sich u. a. mit (rassistischen) Algorithmen, antisemitischen Deep Fakes oder digitalen Filtern und Schönheitsidealen, aber auch den Möglichkeiten einer "guten" KI im Einsatz gegen Ungleichheit und für Demokratie