Suchergebnisse

Draws on case law to examine the contribution of the International Court of Justice to strengthening & clarifying the normative basis of international humanitarian law. Although it has heard a limited number of cases related to humanitarian law, the Court's decisions have gone beyond immediacy to identify & elucidate fundamental principles of international humanitarian law. The Court's decisions are discussed in relation to basic principles of humanitarian law in three categories: conduct of hostilities; treatment of persons in the power of the adverse party; & implementation of international humanitarian law. Special attention is given to the obligation of states to respect international humanitarian law; humanitarian assistance, & the prevention/punishment of genocide. It is maintained that the fundamental principles delineated by the International Court of Justice represent a minimum standard of humanity, a basis for the protection of war victims, & a core of universal humanitarian values that must be shared by all members of the international community & respected in all circumstances to protect human values & life. J. Lindroth

В статье раскрывается тема милитаризации космоса как проблемы международных отношений. Автор даёт описание деятельности крупнейших космических держав в области военизации космического пространства, а также усилий, направенных на предотвращение милитаризации космоса. ; The article describes the international affairs' problem of militarization of space. The author gives the description of main space powers' activity in the field and efforts to stop the militarization of space.

El artículo aborda la política exterior de Colombia durante el gobierno de Álvaro Uribe Vélez. La tesis desarrollada es que durante su gobierno la política exterior se caracterizó por las que han sido constantes históricas en la manera como el país se ha aproximado al mundo. Sin embargo, durante su gestión se presentaron dos cambios significativos relacionados con el tradicional apego de Colombia al derecho internacional y la concepción de los vecinos como enemigos –específicamente para los casos de Venezuela y Ecuador–. El artículo inicia con una primera parte que aborda el escenario de conflicto y violencia por el que ha transitado el país y sin el cual no se podría comprender el comportamiento de Colombia en el escenario internacional. Al fin y al cabo, la situación interna ha sido su principal condicionante. ; This article examines Colombian foreign policy under the Presidency of Alvaro Uribe Vélez. The thesis developed is that during his government Colombia's external behavior have been shaped by historical trends. However two sig nificant changes took place: one related to the respect of international law, and the other with the perceptions of its neighbors- Venezuela and Ecuador. The article begins with a brief analysis of how Colombian domestic violence has been the determining factor of the country´s foreign policy

AbstractThis article uses the concept of entrepreneurial powers to discuss how and under what circumstances Brazil successfully accomplishes its goals in international crises. The concept of entrepreneurial power focuses on systematic evidence of middle-power behavior and its relation to foreign policy tools. Brazil resorts to three agency-based foreign policy tools that are the substance of its entrepreneurial power. These instruments are always mediated by a structural condition, the dominant power pivotal position in the crisis. This study applies qualitative comparative analysis methodology to 32 international crises since the early 1990s in which Brazil played a role. It finds that for regional crises, the use of only one agency-based tool is sufficient for success, regardless of the dominant power position; and for global crises, the use of only one agency-based tool is a necessary and sufficient condition for Brazil to accomplish its goals, despite the dominant power position on the issue.

This book provides a complete overview into the work of the International Court of Justice in the last twenty years. Since 1989, the author, a former Principal Legal Secretary to the International Court of Justice, contributed frequent articles on this subject to the 'British Yearbook of International Law' continuing the work begun by Sir Gerald Fitzmaurice in 1950. This work brings together these articles in one place for the first time, with extensive cross-references, and a thorough index and tables

We model international negotiations on climate change. Leaders such as the European Union and the US can make proposals and influence veto players, including other countries and domestic lobbies, who must choose whether to accept or reject proposals. We explain why policy change has been minimal in this issue area, which veto-players receive the greatest and least attention and why leader actors wishing to see less progress are in such a strong bargaining position.

This article draws from Habermasian post-secular theory to broaden the scope of Constructivist research on norm dynamics beyond its current Western-centric focus. In an increasingly post-secular world society, we conceptualize the mechanism of institutional translation to explain processes of norm diffusion whereby culturally situated 'thick' norms acquire a 'thinner' ethical status via a dialogical process of normative contestation across diverse ethical perspectives. Institutional translation differs from, but also complements, mechanisms of norm diffusion, such as persuasion and localization, by illustrating how norms conceived and promoted by non-Western religious-based actors can acquire global legitimacy within the institutions of the international liberal order. The article investigates the explanatory value of this framework through an empirical analysis of two contrasting cases of norm promotion by the Organization of Islamic Conference at the United Nations. The first case considers the global diffusion of the norm of dialogue of civilizations as an example of successful institutional translation. The second case illustrates the failed diffusion of the norm against the defamation of religion as an instance of unsuccessful institutional translation.