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Errata at end of text of vol. 2. ; Author's name appears on t.p. on separate volumes. ; v. 1. Etudes sur les constitutions des peuples libres -- v. 2-3. Etudes sur l'économie politique. ; Mode of access: Internet.

There are five levels in social inquiry: ontology; epistemology; approaches; methodology; and methods, which we see as means of gathering information. There is no determinate relationship such that one school will consistently choose the same options all the way down. We can cross between what are often seen as competing world views at various of these levels. Natural sciences have not arrived at a unified field theory and there is no reason why social sciences have to do so.

This edited volume focuses on big data implications for computational social science and humanities from management to usage. The first part of the book covers geographic data, text corpus data, and social media data, and exemplifies their concrete applications in a wide range of fields including anthropology, economics, finance, geography, history, linguistics, political science, psychology, public health, and mass communications. The second part of the book provides a panoramic view of the development of big data in the fields of computational social sciences and humanities. The following questions are addressed: why is there a need for novel data governance for this new type of data?, why is big data important for social scientists?, and how will it revolutionize the way social scientists conduct research? With the advent of the information age and technologies such as Web 2.0, ubiquitous computing, wearable devices, and the Internet of Things, digital society has fundamentally changed what we now know as "data", the very use of this data, and what we now call "knowledge". Big data has become the standard in social sciences, and has made these sciences more computational. Big Data in Computational Social Science and Humanities will appeal to graduate students and researchers working in the many subfields of the social sciences and humanities.

Abstract
Harold Kincaid's Individualism and the Unity of Science is a subtle and nuanced analysis of the interlocking themes and issues surrounding the struggle between 'holists' and 'individualists' in the social sciences. Two major claims, one substantial and one methodological, emerge from this analysis. The substantial claim is a defense of a 'non-reductive unity' of the sciences. The methodological claim is that the disputes between reductionists and pluralists or between individualists and holists are empirical and not conceptual disputes. In this paper, I focus on what I take to be Kincaid's central theses.

Why should social scientists be interested in using molecular genetic data? Here are five reasons:

Based on an assumption that the effect of society on nature is increasingly problematic, & that a "politics of nature" will soon be needed, an assessment of traditional views of the relationships among science, nature, & politics is offered. The traditional relation between science & politics is the Baconian "experimental philosophy," in which science is divorced from politics; the current trends point in the opposite direction. The traditional relation between science & nature is based on ideas of mechanics, & posits the scientist as an uninterested observer of mechanical functioning of natural phenomena; the contemporary view concedes the intervention of the scientists into natural systems (if only through measurement) & -- in ecology -- may even champion intervention to achieve "natural" balance. Politics & nature have traditionally been related through man's fantasies of control of nature; now that those fantasies have been realized, the problem of controlling man's effects on nature must be addressed. Ways of "going natural," going luddite, & going technocrat are criticized as inadequate responses to the need for a politics of nature. Finally, predictions are made concerning the future interrelationship among science, politics, & nature; it is suggested that man will increasingly find it necessary to maintain, reproduce, & construct nature & natural environment, lest they vanish. The effect of science & society on nature can no longer be passively observed. J. Weber.

That the world is undergoing a major transformation in social consciousness is now widely accepted. Never before has the world been witness to so many thousands of attempts by individuals and transnational organizations to combat age-old social ills such as hunger, poverty, disease, lack of education, human rights abuses, armed conflict, and environmental degradation. The 1990's will be known as the decade of global social innovation, and whoever chronicles that decade will see clearly what we perceive only dimly now. The emergence of global social consciousness has, in turn, produced new forms of human relationships and organizing activities. These relationships and activities may prove to be important to understand as the social sciences attempt to keep pace with the rapid changes occurring in our global society. This paper outlines some of the challenges and opportunities that will face social scientists should they choose to enter this new domain.