Suchergebnisse

The rise of Shining Path in the rural areas of Peru and its revolutionary war between 1980 and 1992 contributed significantly to the weakening of indigenous mobilization in that country. From the perspective of a combination of political opportunity and new social movements theories, Shining Path took advantage of a history of rural isolation and a political vacuum to take control of rural areas and impose extreme repression of counterrevolutionary mobilization. It systematically pressured the indigenous communities to collaborate with it and embrace a materialist-based peasant identity. At the same time, the erratic and disproportionate response of the government negatively affected the indigenous communities. Merging the two theories allows a better understanding of this situation.El ascenso de Sendero Luminoso en las zonas rurales del Perú y su guerra revolucionaria entre 1980 y 1992 contribuyeron significativamente al debilitamiento de la movilización indígena en dicho país. Desde la perspectiva combinada de la teoría oportunidades políticas y nuevas teorías de movimientos sociales, Sendero Luminoso aprovechó una historia de aislamiento rural y un vacío político para tomar el control de las zonas rurales y llevar a cabo una represión extrema de la movilización contrarrevolucionaria. Presionó sistemáticamente a las comunidades indígenas para que colaboraran y adoptaran una identidad campesina de base materialista. Al mismo tiempo, la respuesta errática y desproporcionada del gobierno también afectó negativamente a las comunidades indígenas. La fusión de las dos teorías permite una mejor comprensión de esta situación.

Este artigo enquadra-se em um interesse geral por reconstruir usos e ressignificações do passado peronista por parte dos Montoneros e analisa o papel de alguma dessas representações na construção de suas ideias e opções políticas. Em primeiro lugar, investigam-se as condições nas quais foi derrotado Juan Domingo Perón em 1955 e as medidas de caráter material e simbólico a través das quais se procurou a eliminação da identidade peronista. Em segundo lugar, analisam-se os principais hitos da Resistência Peronista surgida como resposta às intenções de soterrar o peronismo e, a construção de um mito de luta popular baseado na transmição de memórias sobre tais experiências. Em terceiro lugar, sistematiza-se o uso da formula política da resistência em Montoneros em diferentes momentos centrais da sua historia e, mostra-se a ambígua utilização dessa noção que serviu tanto para referir-se ao mito da Resistência como para informar das estratégias de luta que se assumiam. Este artigo põe em evidência uma utilização ambígua do termo "resistência" como signo de identidade, produto de uma autopercepção de Montoneros como encarnação de um conjunto de lutas iniciadas em 1955, ao mesmo tempo em que estratégia de luta. ; This article is part of a general interest to reconstruct uses and resignifications of the Peronist past by Montoneros and analyzes the role of some of these representations in the construction of their ideas and political options. In the first place, the conditions in which Juan Domingo Perón was overthrown in 1955 and the measures of a material and symbolic nature through which the elimination of the Peronist identity was sought are traced. Second, it reviews the main milestones of the Peronist Resistance, which arose in response to attempts to bury Peronism, and the construction of a myth of popular struggle based on the transmission of memories about those experiences. Third, it systematizes the use of the political formula of the resistance in Montoneros at different central moments in its history, and shows the ambiguous use of that notion, which served both to refer to the Resistance myth and to account for strategies of struggle that were assumed. The article shows an ambiguous use of the term resistance, as a sign of identity, product of a self-perception of Montoneros as an incarnation of a set of struggles initiated in 1955; and as a fighting strategy. ; Este artículo se enmarca en un interés general por reconstruir usos y resignificaciones del pasado peronista por parte de Montoneros y analiza el rol de algunas de esas representaciones en la construcción de sus ideas y opciones políticas. En primer lugar, se rastrean las condiciones en las que fue derrocado Juan Domingo Perón en 1955 y las medidas de carácter material y simbólico mediante las cuales se procuró la eliminación de la identidad peronista. En segundo lugar, se repasan los principales hitos de la Resistencia Peronista, surgida en respuesta a los intentos de soterrar al peronismo, y la construcción de un mito de lucha popular basado en la transmisión de memorias sobre dichas experiencias. En tercer lugar, se sistematiza el uso de la fórmula política de la resistencia en Montoneros en distintos momentos centrales de su historia, y se muestra la ambigua utilización de esa noción, que sirvió tanto para remitir al mito de la Resistencia como para dar cuenta de las estrategias de lucha que se asumían. El artículo pone en evidencia una utilización ambigua del término "resistencia", como signo de identidad, producto de una autopercepción de Montoneros como encarnación de un conjunto de luchas iniciadas en 1955; a la vez que como estrategia de lucha.

This research stems from the present renegotiation of the social bonds between farmers and the civil society. This renegotiation is studied from the angle of the opening of the rural areas into the name of patrimonial and environmental interests. We assume that the publicization of rural areas is not restricted to the emergence of new uses, but that it also is an opportunity to turn them to public sphere, i.e. a political space where citizens may acquire new legitimacies of action. Using a pragmatic and interactionnist interpretation of social bonds, we propose an analytical grid. This grid is composed of three topics of urbanity: open space, public space and place. It is used to understand how the ordinary social spatialities redefine the modalities of the "living together". But this redefinition is not uniform. Especially, this gradual normative inventiveness of social interactions could be due to both the inter-individuality of joint investments and the visibility of wording places. The contextual analysis of the requalification processes and the study of the farmers-non-farmers co-presence situations in Dordogne confirm the operationality of the notion of open space. They also stress the ambiguous role of the patrimonialization normative beam in the reinforcing of the public order and the reduction of contested place identity. However, we find the traces of places and "common worlds" moments, first potential steps towards the advent of a public space. While cultural plurality increases, even on a local level, this reflexion thus aims at clarifying the role of the space in the normative processes by emphasizing the everyday socials experiences and the importance of conceiving the space as a context of action. ; Ce travail de recherche prend sa source dans l'actuelle renégociation du lien social entre les agriculteurs et le reste de la société civile mais l'aborde sous l'angle plus précis de l'ouverture des espaces ruraux au nom, notamment, d'un intérêt patrimonial et environnemental. Nous avons fait ...

Background:
Social isolation is an everyday experience for many mothers and children within culturally and linguistically diverse communities. Engaging in group experiences with others provides authentic opportunities to make social connections, along with sharing common interests.


Aim:
This paper reports on a project that involved working within a transdisciplinary team at a community group in Brisbane, Australia. The Women and Children's Learning and Sharing Community Group was a targeted program to foster mental health and feelings of well-being for mothers and children who were identified as at risk of social isolation.


Methods:
Semi-structured, audio-recorded interviews were conducted to gain the experiences of being involved in the community group from the perspectives of mothers and support workers. Summative Content Analysis is used to explore the transcribed accounts of the mothers and support workers who came together at the women's sharing and learning group and, in particular, how the group facilitated growth-fostering connections to reduce the impact of social isolation.


Results:
Using a Relational-Cultural Theory and a Relational Agency Framework lens, thematic Content Analysis of the mothers' accounts reveal three themes of 1) Freedom, 2) Connection, and 3) Transformation. Exploration of mothers and support workers' accounts highlighted four interactional elements as foundational to the program: 1) Respecting Group Identity, 2) Building a relaxed, mother-focused, and child-inclusive atmosphere, 3) Respecting diversity and the mutual enhancement of competence and 4) Fostering positives and strengths of the members.


Conclusion:
Recommendations are provided when working with culturally and linguistically diverse communities include: 1) Provide concrete support; 2) Make use of participants' strengths and partnerships, 3) Provide culturally sensitive and inclusive practice, 4) Build a sense of community, mutual support and connections. Proposed key learnings highlight the importance of transdisciplinary teams and strength-based approaches when working in culturally and linguistically diverse communities.

A spinal cord injury (SCI) is perceived as a source of biographical disruption, not only at a physical level but also in terms of people's life stories, their motivation and their self-esteem. The aim of this study is to explore the factors that people with spinal cord injuries perceive as contributing to rebuilding their sense of self. Two focus groups were established from the SCI community, one of which was made up of 14 people with paraplegia and the other of 9 people with tetraplegia. In addition, four individual interviews were conducted with the participants. The results of content analysis show that the two most prominent factors in the process of identity renegotiation are the partial transformation of the subject's identity followed by a coming to terms with that new identity. To rebuild self-worth, the importance of finding a balance between change and continuity was identified. Renegotiation of identity after a spinal cord injury is a complex phenomenon that greatly influences the SCI individual's quality of life perceptions. Reaching a balance between the changes experienced due to the injury and finding a sense of continuity can be either facilitated or obstructed by the economic, political, legal, architectural, and social context ; La adquisición de una lesión medular es percibida como una disrupción biográfica no solo a nivel físico sino también a nivel biográfico, de intereses y valores. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido explorar los factores que contribuyen en la redefinición de la identidad en personas con lesión medular. Se realizaron dos grupos de discusión y cuatro entrevistas individuales con 14 personas con paraplejia y 9 personas con tetraplejia de la comunidad. Se realizó un análisis de contenido. Los resultados muestran que los principales factores en el proceso de renegociación de la identidad son la transformación parcial de la identidad y la definición de una nueva identidad. Hemos identificado la importancia de encontrar un equilibrio entre el cambio y la continuidad en la ...

In the U.S., work-related death is an all too familiar occurrence on farms. Tractor overturns continue to be the most frequent cause of these fatalities. Efforts to alter farming's ranking as one of the most deadly occupations in the country must provide proven strategies for the elimination of these preventable deaths. In the past, efforts to decrease the rate of overturn fatalities and injuries have largely focused onincreasing the proportion of tractors with a rollover protective structure (ROPS). These devices, in combination with seatbelts, are 99% effective in protecting the tractor operator from death or injury. Unfortunately, only 59% of U.S. tractors are currently equipped with ROPS. Due to the relative lack of political willpower to legislate ROPS installation and the less than encouraging response to education and awareness programs to date, it appeared necessary to explore alternative intervention strategies. The over-arching purpose of this thesis project has been to assess the utility of social marketing as a framework for developing effective health and safety interventions in the farm community. However, our specific objectives included; a more thorough understanding of the perceived barriers and motivators that influence farmer's safety decisions, the design and evaluation of social marketing incentives developed to encourage safe behaviors and the evaluation of a social marketing campaign designed to positively impact farmer's intentions and readiness to retrofit unsafe tractors. The research was by and large conducted in New York State and supported by grants from the National Institutes of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Previous research conducted in the New York farm community had indicated that small crop and livestock farmers would be an ideal intervention target for a social marketing tractor overturn intervention as their farms accounted for close to 85% of New York farms which lack or have only one ROPS protected tractor. A qualitative assessment of perceived barriers and motivators regarding retrofitting behaviors was performed with representatives of the small crop and livestock community. Grounded theory analysis of these in-depth interviews revealed several key categories which include: 1) risk becomes "normal", 2) risk becomes part of a "farming identity", and 3) risk becomes "cost-effective". This information was used to design potential intervention incentives, such as toll-free assistance finding and purchasing ROPS, financial rebates, and campaign messages designed to address farmer's stated concerns. Subsequent research included testing and revising messages and evaluating the effect of the different campaign incentives in a prospective quasirandomized controlled trial conducted in different regions of New York and Pennsylvania. The results indicate that social marketing offers a promising framework for the development of injury or fatality prevention programs in farm communities. Farmers in the social marketing region demonstrated the most significant changes in both behavioral intention and readiness to retrofit compared to farmers from other regions. Data also indicated that social norms strongly influence farmer's decisions to work safely, as demonstrated by the strong correlations between behavioral intention measures and measures of social norms. As well as providing an assessment of the utility of social marketing as an intervention framework, the thesis provides a cogent example of how behavioral theories can be used in the design and evaluation of intervention programs. Both stages of change theory and the theory of planned behavior proved to be valuable for measuring dispositional and behavioral changes and for finetuning future interventions.

Like most South African whites the soldiers and police officers who served under apartheid now admit that non-racial democracy is a more legitimate system. How then can they account for their participation in the war or in the repression when they try to dissociate themselves from a regime described as unjust and that oppressed blacks? The former soldiers and police officers reject any personal responsibility in their work during apartheid. This distancing strategy, however, makes expressing a collective identity problematic. At the same time, they are not slow to show pride in their work. In order to preserve their self-esteem they attempt to reconcile contradictory positions, pleading not guilty to the charges of supporting apartheid while claiming personal merit for having participated in the war undertaken by the regime. Their tour de force consists in assuming responsibility for the conflict in which they participated while dissociating themselves from its ideological implications. Their discourse is therefore profoundly ambivalent: it combines conservative or even reactionary analyses with an acceptation of the new system and adherence to the values conveyed by the new democracy, or even an appropriation of the South African miracle itself. Adapted from the source document.

Are voting rights a class or an ethnic issue? They are both in the diverse societies of the developing world, yet the salience of ethnicity in public discourse frequently compels people to articulate identity demands that may be inconsistent with their material interests, particularly among the rich. This article examines these ideas with an augmented list experiment about illiterate voting rights in Lebanon. Consistent with received wisdom, direct questions yield identity-based answers in which Shiites are more supportive of voting rights than are Sunnis or Christians. Unobtrusive questions, in contrast, yield answers about material deprivation in which poor people are more supportive of illiterate voting than are rich people. The divergence between public statements and private preferences helps to reconcile theoretical predictions that people respond to material incentives with empirical findings that they pursue identity interests.

The present study aims to answer if the cultural-artistic theatrical processes developed, from Fiteca, constitute alternative economic forms that configure a territorial identity in La Balanza. For the purposes of this, an approach is made that includes the trajectory or historical memory of the experience of the Fiteca community, the analysis of its structure and internal organization, the external relations that it weaves with external agents and actors, as well as its relationship with the territory; and its future prospects. For this, semi-structured interviews were used through which dialogue with the members and collaborators of the organization was used in order to reveal the dynamics developed within Fiteca. Thus, it was possible to discern that the artistic-cultural practices and the dynamics developed around them by the Fiteca community are based on forms of cooperative and voluntary work as fundamental pillars of production and reproduction of their dynamics that, over the years, They have configured a territorial identity in the inhabitants of La Balanza. Likewise, its internal organization has a democratic foundation insofar as it collects the opinions and concerns of all its members and participants through general assemblies, where each one has a voice and vote. In addition, there is a division of labor through the organization of working groups or commissions for each area. Finally, the events and activities that the community develops are open to the general public and at no cost. Based on the characteristics described, Fiteca shares logic with alternative economic forms such as the social economy. ; El presente estudio tiene como objetivo responder si los procesos artístico-culturales teatrales desenvueltos, desde Fiteca, constituyen formas económicas alternativas que configuran una identidad territorial en el barrio de La Balanza, en el distrito de Comas, Lima. A efectos de este, se hace un abordaje que comprende la trayectoria o memoria histórica de la experiencia de la comunidad Fiteca, el análisis de su estructura y organización interna, las relaciones externas que teje con agentes y actores externos, así como su relación con el territorio; y, sus perspectivas a futuro. Para ello se empleó entrevistas semiestructuradas a través de las cuales se dialogó con los miembros y colaboradores de la organización con el fin de revelar las dinámicas desenvueltas dentro de Fiteca. Así, se pudo atisbar que las prácticas artístico-culturales y las dinámicas desenvueltas entorno a ellas por la comunidad Fiteca se basan en formas de trabajo cooperativo y voluntario como pilares fundamentales de producción y reproducción de sus dinámicas que, con el paso de los años, han configurado una identidad territorial en los habitantes de La Balanza. Asimismo, su organización interna tiene un basamento democrático en la medida que recoge las opiniones e inquietudes de todos sus miembros y participantes a través de asambleas generales, donde cada uno tiene voz y voto. Además, se da una división del trabajo mediante la organización de grupos de trabajo o comisiones por cada área. Finalmente, los eventos y actividades que desarrolla la comunidad están abiertos al público en general y sin costo alguno. En función a las características descritas, Fiteca comparte lógicas con las formas económicas alternativas como la economía social.

In 1985 Richard Preston identified three Royal Navy (RN) traditions (recruitment of officers at an early age, selection of officers from an elite social group, and insistence on sea service) which had shaped the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN). These traditions, he argued, ensured a high level of professionalism amongst officers in the infant RCN, as well as complete interoperability between the two navies, but failed to recognise the distinct needs of Canadian society. Consequently, from the Second World War onwards the RCN chose to move away from the British model and to Canadianise its officer corps. The Royal Australian Navy (RAN) also adopted these traditions, and they are examined here in the context of the social backgrounds, development and character of the permanent executive branch officers of the RAN between 1913 and 1950. This thesis argues that while the British model ensured a high level of professionalism within the RAN officer corps, in many other areas the system proved to be of doubtful utility for Australia. Although the Australian government tried to ensure that its naval officers maintained an Australian character and identity, the selection, training and operational policies of the RAN meant that its officers were, to all intents and purposes, virtually indistinguishable from their RN colleagues. While RAN officers were highly disciplined and professional men with excellent seamanship skills, unfortunately a wide social gulf developed between the Navy s officers and its sailors. Further, the essentially scientific and practical education and indoctrination that naval officers received in their early years, combined with their narrow professional development, meant that they were, at best, only average higher level administrators and often performed poorly in dealings with their Australian political masters. The system produced a conservative type of officer, suspicious of political activity and intellectual effort, bound to the tradition of the Silent Service , who felt that his country did not ...

Der Aufsatz geht von Systemen, Netzwerken und Identitäten als den Grundbausteine des Sozialen aus und skizziert eine Mehrebenenarchitektur ihres Zusammenhangs. Wichtigste Quellen sind die phänomenologische Netzwerktheorie nach Harrison C. White und Niklas Luhmanns Systemtheorie. Netzwerke bestehen aus Dyaden wie Freundschaften, Geschäftsbeziehungen oder auch Feindschaften zwischen Personen oder Staaten. Diese Dyaden sind als autopoietische Systeme zu modellieren und entstehen emergent zwischen Knoten des Netzwerks. Knoten wie zum Beispiel Personen oder Unternehmen sind selbst Systeme, jedoch auf einer unter dem Netzwerk liegenden Ebene. Ihre Identität erhalten diese Knoten erst in den Netzwerken im Zusammenspiel zwischen internen Prozessen (Selbstbeobachtung) und Netzwerkkommunikation (Fremdbeobachtung). Auch soziale Identitäten wie 'Männer' und 'Frauen' oder 'Schwarze' und 'Weiße' evoluieren im Kontext solcher Netzwerke und strukturieren diese wiederum. Im Extremfall kommt es zur selbstreferentiellen Schließung von Systemen über die Orientierung an solchen sozialen Grenzziehungen. Solche Involutionen in Netzwerken werden im Aufsatz anhand von amerikanischen Straßengangs dargestellt. [Autorenreferat]

ch. 1. Beginning with ourselves : the importance of doing our personal work -- ch. 2. What's in it for us? : why we would explore what it means to be white -- ch. 3. What does it mean to be white? -- ch. 4. Understanding white privilege -- ch. 5. How white women reinforce the supremacy of whiteness -- ch. 6. Barriers to clarity : what keeps white people from being able to see our whiteness and, therefore, our privilege? -- ch. 7. Now that (I think) I understand white privilege, what do I do? -- ch. 8. Talking about race : what if they call me a racist? -- ch. 9. Talking about whiteness and being white -- ch. 10. Becoming an ally and building authentic relationships across race : the challenge and necessity of making race our issue.