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The objective of this Element is to provide an analysis of social protection from an economic perspective. It relies on tools and methods widely used in public and insurance economics and comprises four main section besides the introduction. The first section is devoted to the design of social protection programs and their political sustainability. The second section assesses the efficiency and performance of social protection programs, and of the welfare state as a whole. In the third section, the relative merits of social and private insurance are analyzed as well as the design of optimum insurance contract with emphasis on health and pensions. The last section focuses on the implications of asymmetric information that may lead governments to adopt policies that would otherwise be rejected in a perfect information setting.

"Zijn de formele wetgevingsprocedure en het ambtelijke voorbereiding sproces van wetgeving klaar voor de toekomst? Deze vraag stond centraal op de jaarvergadering van de Nederlandse Vereniging voor Wetgeving, die op 6 oktober 2022 plaatsvond. Dit boek bevat de daar uitgesproken jaarrede van de voorzitter van de vereniging, de geschreven preadviezen voor de jaarvergadering en het verslag van de bijeenkomst. Het eerste preadvies is geschreven door Gert Jan Geertjes. Hij reflecteert vanuit staatsrechtelijke invalshoek op het wetgevingsproces. De centrale vraag is in hoeverre het wetgevingsproces een waarborg kan vormen tegen rechtsstatelijk feilen. Drie beginselen van het wetgevingsproces zijn daarbij volgens hem van belang: democratische legitimatie, zorgvuldigheid en transparantie. In het tweede preadvies gaan Caspar van den Berg en Gerrit Dijkstra vanuit een bestuurskundig perspectief in op de ontwikkelingen in de kwaliteit van het wetgevingsproces in de departementale fase. Zij bekijken hoe en in welke mate hierover een systematisch beeld te vormen is, waar zich problemen voordoen en hoe die te adresseren zijn."--

Cover -- Title Page -- Credits -- Table of Contents -- Chapter One: Famous Worldwide -- Chapter Two: Nike's Humble Beginning -- Chapter Three: Shoes and So Much More -- Chapter Four: The Power of Partnership -- Chapter Five: Never Done -- Timeline -- Important People -- Glossary -- More Information -- Online Resources -- Index -- About the Author.

Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Introduction -- About This Book -- Foolish Assumptions -- Icons Used in This Book -- Beyond the Book -- Where to Go from Here -- Part 1 Getting Ready to File -- Chapter 1 Understanding the U.S. Tax System -- Figuring Out the U.S. Tax System -- You can reduce your taxes -- Beyond April 15: What you don't know can cost you -- The costs of procrastination -- The consequences of poor advice -- Understanding Your Income Tax Rates -- Adding up your total taxes -- Following your marginal income tax rate -- States want in on the income tax action, too -- The second tax system: Alternative Minimum Tax -- Noting the Forever Changing Tax Laws -- The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 -- The SECURE acts of 2019 and 2022 -- Possible upcoming changes -- Chapter 2 Tax Return Preparation Options and Tools -- Going It Alone: Preparing Your Own Return -- Taking Advantage of IRS Publications -- Perusing Tax-Preparation and Advice Guides -- Using Software -- Accessing Internet Tax Resources -- Internal Revenue Service -- Research -- Tax preparation sites -- Hiring Help -- Deciding whether you really need a preparer -- Unenrolled preparers -- Enrolled agents (EAs) -- Certified public accountants (CPAs) -- Tax attorneys -- Finding Tax Preparers and Advisors -- Chapter 3 Getting and Staying Organized -- Maintaining the Burden of Proof -- Keeping Good Records -- Ensuring a complete and accurate tax return -- Setting up a recordkeeping system -- Deciding when to stash and when to trash -- Reconstructing Missing Tax Records -- Property received by inheritance or gift -- Researching newspaper ads -- Consulting local real estate board and broker records -- Obtaining assessed values -- Using the Consumer Price Index (CPI) -- Securities received by inheritance or gift -- Improvements to a residence.

Intro -- Title Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- Preface: Dream, Believe, Achieve -- PART ONE: LIFE IN INDIA (1945-1969) -- 1 Taravada -- 2 School in Taravada -- 3 Amreli: My First Taste of the Outside World -- 4 Gurukul: A Strong Foundation -- 5 College -- 6 Beyond Education -- 7 Marriage, and Adieu India -- PART TWO: IN A FOREIGN LAND (APRIL TO SEPTEMBER 1969) -- 8 God's Miracles: My Arrival in San Francisco -- 9 Surviving in San Francisco -- 10 The Wait Ends -- PART THREE: MISSION ACCOMPLISHED (SEPTEMBER 1969-AUGUST 1970) -- 11 Back to College -- 12 Howdy Texas, and Studies -- 13 My BS Degree: A Dream Comes True -- PART FOUR: JOB HUNTING AGAIN (AUGUST-DECEMBER 1970) -- 14 Job Hunting in NYC -- 15 A Dark Period -- 16 Light at the End of the Tunnel -- PART FIVE: MY FIRST REGULAR JOB: DENVER AND SOUTH DAKOTA (DECEMBER 1970-SEPTEMBER 1971) -- 17 Denver -- 18 Hard Work, Progress and a Transfer -- 19 A Gun to My Head, Literally -- PART SIX: A JOB IN NEW YORK AND ENTERING BUSINESS (SEPTEMBER 1971-AUGUST 1978) -- 20 New York, a City of Dreams -- 21 The Biggest Surprise of My Life -- 22 Family: An Everlasting Gift -- 23 Dreams: Fulfilling One, Giving Up Another -- 24 Yet Another New Beginning -- 25 Swamiji Visits the US for the First Time -- PART SEVEN: LIFE'S QUESTS CONTINUE: BUSINESS, EMPLOYMENT AND SPIRITUALITY (SEPTEMBER 1978-FEBRUARY 1984) -- 26 Returning to Texas -- 27 Kansas: Stepping into an Unknown Territory -- 28 Business: Strong Foundation Laid -- 29 Another Promise Fulfilled: Renovation of the Taravada Swaminarayan Temple -- 30 My Motel Venture -- 31 Time to Move On -- PART EIGHT: CALIFORNIA: MASTERING MY OWN DESTINY (1984 TILL DATE) -- 32 Setting Deep Roots in Business -- 33 Pentadyne: My First Step -- 34 Swamiji's Last Visit, Last Darshan and Departure from this World -- 35 Progress and a Family Dream Comes True.

Intro -- Table of Contents -- Title Page -- Foreword -- Introduction -- Reader Support for This Book -- Chapter 1: Artificial Social Intelligence -- Positronic Man -- Defining (Artificial) Social Intelligence -- The Turing Test -- The Semblance of Social Intelligence -- The Question of Weaponization -- Chapter 2: Social Engineering and Psychological Exploitation -- The Roots of Social Engineering -- Social Engineering and Psychology -- Applied Social Engineering -- One Principle to Rule Them -- The Long Con -- Loose Lips Sink Ships -- The Takeaway -- Chapter 3: A History of Technology and Social Engineering -- Advertising -- Propaganda -- Cybercrime -- The Rise of the Bots -- The Worst Is Yet to Come -- Chapter 4: A History of Language Modeling -- Rule-Based NLP Systems -- Statistical Language Models -- Rule-Based vs. Statistical Models -- Note -- Chapter 5: Consciousness, Sentience, and Understanding -- Mad as a Hatter -- The Question of Consciousness -- The Sentience Scare -- Chapter 6: The Imitation Game -- The Chinese Room -- The Democratization of Machine Interaction -- Emergent Properties -- Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback -- Likeable Robots -- The Illusion of Empathy -- Chapter 7: Weaponizing Social Intelligence -- Where's the Risk? -- The Spontaneous and Organic Occurrence of Turing Tests -- Bot or Not?â€"CAPTCHA Evasion -- Creating the Illusion of Conversation -- Context Crafting -- Unleash the Bots -- Conversational Relays with LLMs -- Optimizing Social Engineering with Monte Carlo Simulations -- Remaining under the Radar -- The Impending AI Scourge -- Notes -- Chapter 8: Weaponizing Technical Intelligence -- Unintended Technical Problems -- Deliberate Technical Exploitation -- Note -- Chapter 9: Multimodal Manipulation -- Converging on Transformers -- Deepfake Imagery -- Sociopolitical Destabilization.

"Substances, Welfare, and Social Relations uses intimate, complex portraits to tell the stories of people who have lived some part of their life course while using or recovering from using substances (such as alcohol or illicit or prescription drugs) and also being part of a family and experiencing poverties. Through these multifaceted stories, layered with a critical analysis of welfare policy, the book probes the deeply entrenched stigma of living with addiction and in low income. Amber Gazso's work revolves around the three-principles idea that (1) addiction is part of everyday life; (2) if we believe that people are not their addictions, then stigmatizing addiction has no place in society; and (3) destigmatizing addiction and providing better, more imaginative programs and services invites and supports actionable hope. Reflecting on qualitative data, both narrative interviews and policy discourse, Substances, Welfare, and Social Relations illuminates how stigmas can be overturned through a collective praxis of hope."--

Intro -- Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Introduction -- Chapter One: Keeping the Water Flowing -- Chapter Two: Similar Jobs -- Chapter Three: Training and Education -- Chapter Four: Apprenticeship -- Chapter Five: What Do Plumbers Do All Day? -- Chapter Six: Getting Your License -- Glossary -- For More Information -- For Further Reading -- Index -- About the Author -- Back Cover.

Intro -- Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Introduction -- Section 1: Problems Facing Food Systems -- 1.1 Our Food Systems Are in Crisis -- 1.2 The Effects of COVID-19 Will Ripple through Food Systems -- 1.3 How to Make the Food System More Energy Efficient -- 1.4 Feeding a Hot, Hungry Planet -- 1.5 Long Live Microbiomes! -- Section 2: Innovations in Food Systems -- 2.1 Growing Skyscrapers: The Rise of Vertical Farms -- 2.2 The Future of Farming -- 2.3 Agroecology Is the Solution to World Hunger -- 2.4 Test-Tube Burger: Lab-Cultured Meat Passes Taste Test (Sort of) -- 2.5 Tweaking Vegetables' Genes Could Make Them Tastier-And You'll Get to Try Them Soon -- 2.6 Faux Fish Might Help Aquaculture Keep Feeding the World -- 2.7 Spray-On, Rinse-Off Food 'Wrapper' Can Cut Plastic Packaging -- 2.8 Advanced Food Tracking and Packaging Will Save Lives and Cut Waste -- Section 3: Controversy Surrounding Food Systems -- 3.1 Organically Speaking: The Marketing Language of Organic Food -- 3.2 Does the World Need GM Foods? -- 3.3 The Truth about Genetically Modified Food -- 3.4 Do Seed Companies Control GM Crop Research? -- 3.5 How Biotech Crops Can Crash-and Still Never Fail -- 3.6 Designer Crops of the Future Must Be Better Tailored for Women in Agriculture -- 3.7 Should the Concept of a Food Desert Be Deserted? -- 3.8 Bill Gates Should Stop Telling Africans What Kind of Agriculture Africans Need -- Section 4: Food Systems and the Environment -- 4.1 Can We Feed the World and Sustain the Planet? -- 4.2 Here's How Much Food Contributes to Climate Change -- 4.3 These Plants Can Replace Meat-but Will Doing So Help the Environment? -- 4.4 The Blue Food Revolution: Making Aquaculture a Sustainable Food Source -- Glossary -- Further Information -- Citations -- Index.