Suchergebnisse

Ein interdisziplinärer Band im Open-Access: Die Aufwertung der Volkssprachen in der Frühen Neuzeit führte zu einer Intensivierung und internationalen Öffnung der europäischen Übersetzungskultur. Der Gebrauch des Englischen bleibt in dieser Zeit allerdings weitgehend auf die Insel beschränkt, während die Sprache auf dem Kontinent noch wenig geläufig ist. Erst seit dem 18. Jahrhundert gewinnt sie an internationaler Bedeutung und steigt schließlich zur modernen Weltsprache auf. Der Band fokussiert auf die vormoderne Situation und untersucht in 19 literatur-, kunst-, philosophie- und frömmigkeitsgeschichtlichen Fallstudien die deutsche Rezeption der frühneuzeitlichen englischen Literatur und Kultur. Mit Blick auf das bislang unzureichend erforschte deutsch-englische Interaktionsfeld erhellt er ebenso ausgewählte Personen, Institutionen und Wissensfelder wie Werkübertragungen, Gattungstransformationen und Übersetzungspraktiken, die den bereits in dieser Zeit bemerkenswert dichten Austausch zwischen England und dem Alten Reich prägten. Welche Netzwerke und Medien ermöglichten z.B. die Rezeption einflussreicher Denker und Dichter wie Bacon, Hobbes oder Milton im deutschsprachigen Raum; wie kam es gleichsam im Mutterland des Protestantismus zu einer auffallend intensiven Übersetzung englischer Erbauungsliteratur; welche Rolle spielten Parallelübersetzungen oder auch Übersetzungen aus zweiter Hand, etwa dort, wo der kulturelle Transfer über eine dritte Sprache wie das Französische oder Niederländische erfolgte? Auf solche Fragen werden im Band neue Antworten gegeben.

During the Second World War, crime rates skyrocketed in the occupied Netherlands, particularly concerning theft and other offences against property. These crimes were committed by both those who had been convicted in the prewar period and previously 'well-behaved' citizens. Some of them felt forced to steal by the circumstances, others took advantage of the situation for their own benefit.
How did suspects justify their acts? Did they consider theft during the occupation to be a crime, or not? And how did Dutch judges pass judgement concerning property crimes? Did they have compassion for stealing compatriots, or did they consider theft in times of scarcity and increasing poverty to be a great danger, which should be severely punished? In this book, historian Jan Julia Zurné uses case files and verdicts by Dutch courts to provide insight into the lives, experiences and motivations of wartime thieves.

This open access book gathers the contributions from the Design! OPEN International Conference, held in Parma, Italy in May 2022. The conference explored the multidisciplinary aspects of design starting from its dimensions: objects (design as focused on the object, on its functional and symbolic dimension, and at the same time on the object as a tool for representing cultures), processes (the designer's self-reflective moment which is focused on the analysis and on the definition of processes in various contexts, spanning innovation, social engagement, reflection on emergencies or forecasting), experiences (design as a theoretical and practical strategy aimed at facilitating experiential interactions among people, people and objects or environments), and narratives (making history, representing through different media, archiving, narrating, and exhibiting design). The contributions, which were selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, highlight numerous exciting ideas that will spur novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaboration among different specialists.

This handbook offers a comprehensive overview of research into discourses of disinformation, misinformation, post-truth, alternative facts, hate speech, conspiracy theories, and "fake news".

Divided into two sections, it provides a detailed look at the methodological challenges and approaches for studying disinformation, along with a wide range of case studies covering everything from climate change denial to COVID-19 conspiracies. The studies address how discourses of disinformation are constructed and developed, what rhetorical and persuasive strategies they employ, how disinformation can be discerned from real news, and what steps we might take in order to create a more trustworthy news environment.

Authored by leading experts from around the world, and showcasing the most up-to-date methodological approaches to the topic, the volume makes a significant contribution to current linguistic research on politics, and is an essential guide to the discourses of disinformation for advanced students and researchers of English language studies, linguistics, and media and communication studies.

Al-Bīrūnī (ca. 973-1050) was an innovative encyclopaedist thinker. He is particularly known to have investigated into India of his time. Yet, his life and the circumstances of his encounter with Indian languages, culture and sciences are still shrouded in mystery and legends. This research brings to light elements of his intellectual journey based on well-grounded analysis so as to contextualise al-Bīrūnī's work of transmission of Indian philosophies into Arabic. Thanks to a theoretical framework rooted in a multidisciplinary approach, including Translation Studies, it enables to comprehend the full scope of his work and to analyse deeply his motives and choices of interpretation.

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, working-class people across northern India found themselves negotiating rapid industrial change, emerging technologies, and class hierarchies. In response to these changes, Indian Muslim artisans began publicly asserting the deep relation between their religion and their labor, using the increasingly accessible popular press to redefine Islamic traditions "from below." Centering the stories and experiences of metalsmiths, stonemasons, tailors, press workers, and carpenters, Pious Labor examines colonial-era social and technological changes through the perspectives of the workers themselves. As Amanda Lanzillo shows, the colonial marginalization of these artisans is intimately linked with the continued exclusion of laboring voices today. By drawing on previously unstudied Urdu-language technical manuals and community histories, Lanzillo highlights not only the materiality of artisanal production but also the cultural agency of artisanal producers, filling in a major gap in South Asian history.
"The history of technology in South Asia has mostly been devoted to the 'temples of modernity,' accenting the monumental, the secular, and the modern. Amanda Lanzillo introduces us to a very different history, where technology, religion, and tradition domesticate modernity within intimate laboring cultures." — Projit Bihari Mukharji, Professor of History, Ashoka University
"Lanzillo explores entirely new vistas of the intertwined history of religion and labor in colonial South Asia, making a fascinating case for the flourishing of an 'artisan Islam' in the industrializing cities of the subcontinent." — Nile Green, Ibn Khaldun Endowed Chair in World History, University of California, Los Angeles
"Pious Labor opens up vital new conversations between scholars of Islam, vernacular print culture, labor, and technology studies. This work will have a major impact on the fields of South Asian history, Islamic studies, and beyond." — Julia Stephens, Associate Professor of History, Rutgers University

This book draws on the life stories told by shepherds, farmers, and their families in the Andalusian region in Spain to sketch out the landscapes, actions, and challenges of people who work in pastoralism. Their narratives highlight how local practices interact with regional and European communities and policies, and they help us see a broader role for extensive grazing practices and sustainability.

A Country of Shepherds is timely, reflecting the growing interest in ecological farming methods as well as the Spanish government's recent work with UNESCO to recognise the seasonal movement of herd animals in the Iberian Peninsula as an Intangible Cultural Heritage.

Demonstrating the critical role of tradition, cultural geographies, and sustainability in the Mediterranean, this book will appeal to academicians but also to general readers who seek to understand, in very human terms, the impact of the world-wide environmental crisis we are now experiencing.

This open access book is a superb collection of some fifteen chapters inspired by Schroeder-Heister's groundbreaking work, written by leading experts in the field, plus an extensive autobiography and comments on the various contributions by Schroeder-Heister himself. For several decades, Peter Schroeder-Heister has been a central figure in proof-theoretic semantics, a field of study situated at the interface of logic, theoretical computer science, natural-language semantics, and the philosophy of language. The chapters of which this book is composed discuss the subject from a rich variety of angles, including the history of logic, the proper interpretation of logical validity, natural deduction rules, the notions of harmony and of synonymy, the structure of proofs, the logical status of equality, intentional phenomena, and the proof theory of second-order arithmetic. All chapters relate directly to questions that have driven Schroeder-Heister's own research agenda and to which he has made seminal contributions. The extensive autobiographical chapter not only provides a fascinating overview of Schroeder-Heister's career and the evolution of his academic interests but also constitutes a contribution to the recent history of logic in its own right, painting an intriguing picture of the philosophical, logical, and mathematical institutional landscape in Germany and elsewhere since the early 1970s. The papers collected in this book are illuminatingly put into a unified perspective by Schroeder-Heister's comments at the end of the book. Both graduate students and established researchers in the field will find this book an excellent resource for future work in proof-theoretic semantics and related areas.

The lifetime of Johan Huizinga (1872–1945) was marked by dramatic transformations in Europe. Cityscapes, aesthetic codes, social orders, political cultures, international travel and means of warfare developed beyond recognition; entire catalogues of hopes and fears were torn asunder and replaced by new ones during not one but two wars. Amidst all these changes, Huizinga grew to become one of the most famous historians of his time. To this day, his works are treated as monuments in the cultural historical field.
This book examines how these transformations and 'experiences of loss' affected and informed Huizinga's historical perspectives. Most centrally, this book contends that Huizinga's historical works helped to accommodate and give meaning to his own experiences of uncertainty and rupture, thus offering him a way of life in turbulent times. This project offers an original and comprehensive analysis of an iconic historian writing in the age of collapse

The plight of Vietnamese migrants in the UK has featured prominently in recent media and public policy debates on modern slavery, illegal border crossings, and labour exploitation. Yet little attention has been paid to their subjective experiences of border crossings, nor the wide range of categories they pass between. Vietnamese migrants coming to the UK in search of work face a complex array of decisions surrounding the respective costs and risks related to a chosen migration route which must be weighed against personal and collective expectations. These complex decisions are compounded by a shifting and highly stratified immigration and borders regime which renders migrants more vulnerable through restricting rights and increasing surveillance. This chapter explores the experiences and imaginaries of the UK border among migrants who have crossed the UK border, as well as those who intend to make the journey. We explore the contrast between the expectations and realities of UK borders through in-depth interviews with Vietnamese migrants. We argue, notwithstanding knowledge of the risks involved in border crossings and the hostile border enforcement regime, imaginations of opportunities for transforming local livelihoods remain powerful and deep-seated political and cultural narratives for Vietnamese migrants.

Luxembourg is a prototypical small state and the only remaining example of over a two dozen of grand duchies in history. In this chapter the focus is laid on persistency and change of governance in security affairs, that is, the question of how a Luxembourg political entity overcame a variety of challenges of the (European) security environment until 1940. Indeed, to comprehend the 'survival' of the Grand Duchy in face of the vicissitudes of the military-political setting since the princedom's creation by the Treaty of Vienna (1815), one needs to deploy the full array of the Small-State theory debate in security policy and in the politics of international relations: bandwagoning, balancing, freeriding, hedging, shelter-seeking. Based on this longue durée approach, the contribution expands on 'extantism' to reintroduce this concept to Small-State Studies.

The first collection of essays in the English language dedicated to the cultural achievements and politics of one of the most important ruling houses of late medieval Europe. The house of Luxembourg between 1308 and 1437 is best known today for its principal royal and imperial representatives, Henry VII, John the Blind, Charles IV, and Charles's two sons, Wenceslas and Sigismund - a group of rulers who, for better or worse, shaped the political destiny of much of Europe during the fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries. While some of the Luxembourg cultural legacy can still be experienced directly today in and around Prague and southern Germany, and through the literary and musical works of Machaut, Froissart, and Wolkenstein, it reached much further across Europe: from England to present-day Romania, and from the Baltic Sea to the Italian peninsula, alongside the dynasty's homelands in what is now Luxembourg, Belgium and France. However, this culture has not always attracted the scholarly attention it deserves. This volume explores the pan-European impact and influence of the Luxembourgs in a variety of fields: art and architectural history, material culture, Czech, French, German and Latin text production, gender and intellectual history, and music. Embracing the subject matter from multi-disciplinary and transnational perspectives, the essays here offer new insights into the late medieval cultures of the Luxembourg court. Particular subjects treated include the making of the "Wenceslas Bible"; Machaut at the court of John of Luxembourg; and Charles IV's patronage of multilingual literature. On publication this book is available as an Open Access eBook under the Creative Commons license: CC BY-NC-ND.

This chapter thinks through international law and
posthuman theory by way of an example of 'posthumanist
commoning'. It explores the posthumanist and the
commoning dimensions of the legal and political collective
actions at hand. It does so by telling the story of the
'insurgent lake' of Rome – the 'lago bullicante'. Bullicante
is an archaic Italian term that signifies both 'to boil'
(bollire) and 'to get agitated' (agitarsi). The 'lake that boils
and gets agitated' refers to the artificial/natural lake that
was accidentally created in 1992, when an underground
parking lot was illegally constructed and inadvertently hit
an aquifer, thereby flooding the construction site and
nearby area, creating a one-hectare large lake in the heart
of the city. With the lake, an insurgent political subjectivity
emerged to resist and care for its preservation. Both the
subjectivity and the struggle are articulated and practiced
in non-liberal, non-individualistic, and in-human (or more
and less than 'human') terms, thereby giving rise to a
distinctive mode of 'becoming common'. Drawing on the
lago bullicante, I argue that this mode of 'posthumanist
commoning' enacts particular practices of ecological
resistance, refusal, and reparation. The transversal
alliances forged within networks of transnational resisting
collectives help exploring how posthuman theory can
inform international law. It does so by availing methods of
reconfiguring the categories of the human, the land, and
its living ecology, while also revealing critical blind-spots
and methodological/conceptual limitations of both
posthuman theory and international law.

This volume brings together contributions on the background to the Russian attack on Ukraine from a (socio-)linguistic, linguistic and literary-historical and political perspective. The emphasis is not on day-to-day political events, but on facts and contexts that have received little attention to date. This reveals gaps in knowledge, misinterpretations and distortions that are deeply rooted not least in Western societies. Here, recognized experts bring together a wealth of background knowledge on the historical and current contexts of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. In doing so, they help to reduce information deficits and correct misconceptions about the Eastern Slavic linguistic and cultural area.

In 2020, a group of European researchers got a European Union (EU) grant to do a project called TRANSFORM. The objective of TRANSFORM was to integrate the principle of responsible research and innovation (RRI) into the research and innovation policies of three European regions: Lombardy, Brussels, and Catalonia.

This book tells the story of how TRANSFORM translated RRI into practice, all the way from philosophy of technology to EU policy jargon, to the project contract, and finally into the real-life events in these regions. Responsibility was translated in creative ways, with surprising goals and ambiguous outcomes. Armed with these stories, the book analyses the broader context of the desire for better governance of technoscience and draws two lessons: Firstly, that there is more governance than one may see at first sight, and secondly, that there is a need to rethink the borders of technoscience and the spaces in which it resides.

The book proposes to think of governance in technoscience, rather than governance of technoscience.