Suchergebnisse

Purpose: The deployment of the fifth-generation (5G) of wireless communications that was launched worldwide in 2020 is entering its final stage in some countries. In this stage carriers apply new techniques that are boosting network performance without heavy investments of the initial build of the infrastructure. This techniques include but are not limited to carrier aggregation, 5G Non-standalone(NSA) and standalone(SA) NR modes, mmWave frequency range and higher bandwidth. Given considerable research in the area about economic and financial validation of the 5G, this work is an extension of a techno-economical assess of the cellular networks under these technologies.
Method: Computer simulations, theroretical derivations.
Findings: Major factors such as spectral efficiency, intercell interference and deployment cost are revisited, and updated to fit realities of the current technological progress. Finally, we use abovementioned theory and present simulation results from the city center of Kyiv city using recently developed pysim5G network simulator.
Paper type: Scientific and practical.

Abstract
The ongoing Russian aggression against Ukraine has forced over eight million people to migrate out of Ukraine. Understanding the dynamics of forced migration is essential for policy-making and for delivering humanitarian assistance. Existing work is hindered by a reliance on observational data which is only available well after the fact. In this work, we study the efficacy of a data-driven agent-based framework motivated by social and behavioral theory in predicting outflow of migrants as a result of conflict events during the initial phase of the Ukraine war. We discuss policy use cases for the proposed framework by demonstrating how it can leverage refugee demographic details to answer pressing policy questions. We also show how to incorporate conflict forecast scenarios to predict future conflict-induced migration flows. Detailed future migration estimates across various conflict scenarios can both help to reduce policymaker uncertainty and improve allocation and staging of limited humanitarian resources in crisis settings.

AbstractThe livestock sector emits harmful gases and bioaerosols, impacting animals, plants, and human health. Ventilation systems in livestock buildings disperse polluted air, affecting nearby air quality depending on the wind patterns and atmospheric stability. Understanding pollutant emission and transmission is crucial for environmental mitigation. This study focuses on fine dust dispersion from dairy cattle buildings. Chemical and microscopic analyses were conducted to identify the cattle barn dust sources. Particle mass emissions were quantified by measuring particle mass concentrations and air volume flow using the tracer gas decay method. Seasonal and daily effects on dust emissions were studied. Remarkably, particle emissions remained below prescribed values in Germany. Additionally, particle transmission, including resuspension and adsorption parameters, was investigated using a developed wind tunnel. Resuspension measurements revealed minimal resuspended particle mass due to low ground wind speeds. Notably, wheat, as a model plant, exhibited high adsorption rates, which increased with particle size. Overall, the findings for resuspension and adsorption parameters provide an initial database for understanding fine dust transmission from cattle barns.

Le modèle Mover-Stayer, une généralisation du modèle de chaine de Markov. Ce modèle suppose l'existence de deux types d'individus, ceux qui restent dans leur état initial tout au long de la période d'observation, ces individus sont appelés «Stayer» et d'autre individus appelées «Mover», dont les changements de position dans le temps suivent un processus de Markov de premier ordre avec une matrice de transition appelée M. Ce modèle est appliqué à l'évolution des performances pédagogiques des 48 wilayas à l'examen national du baccalauréat sur la période 2008-2018. Il permet d'estimer les probabilités de transition entre les différents niveaux de performance (niveaux A, B, C) des wilayas mobiles («Moving») et la proportion de celles qui se maintiennent dans leur niveau de réussite de départ «Stayer» tout au long de la période d'observation. Nos résultats révèlent que la généralisation du modèle de Markov peut conduire à des modèles plus précis d'aide à la décision dans le secteur de l'éducation.

The article presents the main characteristics of the modern Austrian school. Its fundamental principles are shown, from which its remaining gap with the economic mainstream becomes obvious. The task is solved to demonstrate that the Austrian economics as its initial methodological foundation has not strict methodological individualism, but institutional individualism. It is not typical for it to see a person as the notorious homo economicus. The Austrian school is a kind of modern institutionalism, the historical roots of which go back to the writings of its founders. This is due to its inherent focus not on the allocation of resources, but on individual exchange (catallaxy). The latter needs good institutions. At the same time, informal institutions (beliefs, traditions) that determine the meaning of human actions are highlighted. The spontaneous order and one of its institutional forms — anarchy are considered. The article concludes with an appeal to the perspectives of Austrian economic thought — its potential contribution to various research programs.

How are the rise, fall, and evolution of minilateralism in the Indo-Pacific region explained? To address this question, I examine the cases of the Quad and AUKUS, and argue that they were caused by the success and failure of coalition-building efforts made through 'tactical hedging'. As the world transitions from a unipolar to a non-unipolar world, states attempt to formulate coalitions to safeguard their national interests. However, the challenge is to figure out which states are truly 'like-minded' and can strategically coordinate their policies for mutual interests. Under this circumstance, states send signals through 'tactical hedging' – 'an ambiguous, temporal declaratory policy doctrine' – that assists the hedger in assessing whether its allies and partners are willing to cooperate; in this case, building a coalition towards the same or similar strategic objectives. The key is the initial ambiguity in signalling, which becomes critical to the future success of building a coalition among parties whose interests are not always congruent.

This article was published open access under a CC BY licence: https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/
This paper examines how small local firms integrate into the automotive value chains and what entry barriers they face during this process. Using primary data from surveys on domestic suppliers and interviews with subsidiaries of Japanese automotive producers operating in Indonesia, the study found that apart from the initial condition of local firms that were mostly less capable and inexperienced in the modern manufacturing system, the subsidiaries also purposively created various entry barriers and provided limited assistance. Consequently, the linkages opportunities available for local firms were confined to lowest-tier suppliers and the integration process as new suppliers was arduous, costly and time consuming. Given such a situation, the paper proposes the insertion process as a new industrial upgrading trajectory and labels it as entry upgrading. Moreover, the research also suggests that workers' mobility and demonstration are pivotal channels for local firms to acquire advanced knowledge necessary for their entry upgrading.

Clinical simulation can be a promising teaching strategy to help nurses develop behaviors that improve family care actions, promoting safe and high-quality care. The objective of this study was to build, validate, and test a simulation scenario in pediatric oncology family-focused care (FFC) following an initial diagnosis of cancer. It is a six-step methodological study based on the philosophy of Family-Centered Care (FCC), with a user-centered design. The evaluators established a Content Validity Index (CVI) > 0.8 for validation. Pilot testing included the Simulation Design Scale. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. A total of 35 experts participated in this study. All 19 items in the scenario were validated and considered relevant, in a single round, with the item-level CVI ranging between 0.8 and 1 and a scale-level CVI of 0.92. The high-fidelity developed and validated clinical simulation scenario is a consistent tool for the education of advanced practice nurses.

AbstractWithin the scholarship on the causes of civil wars, GDP per capita represents a strong and robust variable. Less attention, however, is paid to the role of economic decline. When it is included at all, scholars tend to consider it only in the period just prior to the onset of war. This paper argues that the impact of economic decline has been underestimated, for in addition to its short‐term effects, evidence from case studies reveals that a particular pattern is often evident during periods of sharp economic decline, in which ethnonationalist actors ascend in political power while scapegoating minority populations. The resulting increase in interethnic tensions raises the risk of large‐scale civil violence even many years after a major recession. The cases of Yugoslavia, Ivory Coast and India show the long‐term effects of a common exogenous shock‐ the global recession of the late 1970s‐ in the form of rising ethnonationalist political actors, setting the stage for large‐scale interethnic civil violence long after the initial economic shock.

AbstractThis paper investigates nonlinearities in the inflation-inequality relationship using a dynamic threshold panel data model and data for 101 countries over the period 1985–2020. We find that inflation rates exceeding 6% are associated with higher income inequality whereas below this threshold, the correlation remains insignificant. From a monetary policy perspective, these findings suggest that a disinflation policy will likely lead to a more equal income distribution in high-inflation countries whereas there is no such effect in a low-inflation setting. In addition, we find that a higher initial level of inequality as well as unemployment has an inequality-enhancing effect. Contrary to previous research, our inflation threshold is endogenously determined, and we control for the Nickell bias arising from the inclusion of the lagged level of inequality. Moreover, our paper covers a much longer time period and also a broader set of developed and developing countries. Our findings have important policy implications, especially against the background of the recent sharp increase in inflation.

Situated in a beautiful medieval town center in rural Austria, amid an organic supermarket, small bakeries, and cozy coffee shops, lies the birth house of Adolf Hitler. Although Hitler lived in the house for only a short time, the house has for decades been the subject of an emotional discussion on how to deal with this taboo site. Eventually, in 2019 the Austrian government announced the top-down decision to model the house back to its 19th century structure-"long before Hitler was born there"-and to use it as a police station. This paper offers an initial academic approach on this complex site by embedding it in critical heritage theory to discuss some of the uncertainties that dominated the discourse and the decision-making on the house. These include the importance or pettiness of birth houses, material agency and it's implications, and whether this house as 'conflict heritage by association' can be of relevance in shaping a critical understanding of Austrian contemporary history.

This research aims to analyze how risk and compatibility between partners affect organizational creativity, co-creation value, and firm performance in a developing economy. The PLS-SEM method was utilized to process and evaluate a dataset of 454 valid cases from property owners, chief executives, vice presidents, broad assistants, and department managers of SMEs in Vietnam. The results validated the connections between risk variables, partner compatibility, organizational creativity, co-creation value, and firm performance. This study further enhances the current knowledge base in the realm of partner selection and provides valuable insights that can be applied in managerial contexts. Companies must consider external factors like risk and partner compatibility to improve organizational creativity, co-creation value, and firm performance. While risk factors, partner compatibility, organizational creativity, co-creation value, and business performance have garnered significant attention in academic circles globally, there is a shortage of studies exploring the interrelationships among these five phenomena together. This research is one of the initial studies that presents a complete model elucidating the interconnections between different categories.

The need to increase the depth of processing of oil and hydrocarbon-containing raw materials entails the need for qualified processing of residual products in order to use them more efficiently. This paper shows the role of a delayed coking unit in the processing of heavy oil residues and the deepening of oil refining, as well as the state of the global and Russian coke production market. An analysis of various heavy coking gas oils was carried out according to their initial physicochemical characteristics and type of origin. Material balances of coking in a laboratory installation of various heavy coking gas oils and their influence on the material balance of the installation as a whole were compiled. A number of promising areas of research for further improvement of the process are identified. The data obtained can be used when designing new capacities during the construction of delayed coking units at oil refineries to improve the physical and chemical characteristics of intermediate products and increase the yield of light oil products.

Breaking the intractable cycle of poverty in a country requires effective resolution of the unemployment problem by the government. One approach to mitigate unemployment is to foster investment in various sectors, and in the era of the industrial revolution, technological innovation should also be considered. The correlation between technology and unemployment has been extensively debated, and this study seeks to examine the connections between technological progress, physical investment, education, inflation, and unemployment in the United States. We utilized panel data from the 51 states from 2015 to 2021 and found that technological advancements resulted in a decline in the unemployment rate, while inflation had an inverse relationship with it, as predicted by the Phillips curve. However, investments in education increased the unemployment rate, indicating that highly educated individuals experienced notable employment difficulties. Our study had two distinct parts: the initial phase analyzed the statistical explanations for the outcomes, while the latter phase introduced initiatives that focused on government intervention to halt the rising unemployment rate.

Chelation of antioxidant chickpea peptides with calcium can improve the absorption rate of calcium in human intestinal tract. In the present work, the optimum enzymatic hydrolysis scheme was determined by a single-factor test with an orthogonal experimental design with the following conditions: material-liquid ratio, 1:15; enzymatic hydrolysis time, 10 min; enzyme-substrate ratio, 1:20 (papain protease); and enzymatic hydrolysis temperature, 60°C. The protein hydrolysate obtained under these conditions had high antioxidant activity. The free radical scavenging rates of •OH, O2-•, DPPH•, and H2O2 were 49.44, 63.64, 66.57, and 57.64%, respectively. The reducing power was 0.75. The optimum conditions for the preparation of calcium chelate from chickpea peptides were determined by an orthogonal optimisation test: the peptide-calcium ratio, 7:1; the chelation temperature, 50°C; the initial pH of the reaction solution, 7.0; the chelation time, 40 min; and the chelation rate, 39.95%. Antioxidant chickpea peptide-calcium chelates could have the potential to induce synergistic physiological effects.