Suchergebnisse

Le présent texte a pour but d'apporter un éclairage réaliste sur la situation contemporaine d'une partie des forêts tropicales, celles des pays de la zone ACP (Afrique-Caraïbes-Pacifique), qui constitue un champ d'intervention privilégié pour la Communauté Européenne. Ces pays, notamment les régions forestières, ont la triste particularité de présenter une certaine homogénéité, celle d'un sous-développement chronique, si l'on prend comme point de référence la décolonisation des décennies soixante et soixante-dix ; ils offrent un contraste frappant avec l'émergence du cône sudafricain, de l'Asie du Sud-Est ou du Brésil par exemple. Dans un premier chapitre, nous ferons la revue des questions que les mondes scientifique et politique se posent actuellement sur ces forêts. Nous rappellerons les tendances évolutives que tout observateur de bonne foi peut enregistrer depuis une trentaine d'années, mais qu'il nous a semblé indispensable de synthétiser, tant les vieux schémas idéologiques les plus variés semblent prégnants. Ils inhibent en effet la construction de politiques économiques et sociales saines, qui permettraient la mise en place de systèmes politiques viables, une conservation raisonnable de la biodiversité et un épanouissement culturel et social serein des populations, tant urbaines que rurales. Le deuxième chapitre présentera tout d'abord, à l'échelle régionale, nos investigations à la lumière du questionnement précédent. Cet aspect essentiel concentre les héritages historiques et culturels, créateurs des fameuses différences affichées par une part sans cesse croissante des habitants d'un monde pensé comme global. Dans le troisième chapitre, l'approche régionale sera synthétisée sous la forme de 36 questions, dans un exposé thématique et raisonné des paramètres que tout programme de développement durable doit prendre en compte. Ces questions sont la quintessence de notre programme. Nous y mettrons en situation les réponses possibles visant à définir un cadre politique cohérent. La dernière partie ...

Le présent texte a pour but d'apporter un éclairage réaliste sur la situation contemporaine d'une partie des forêts tropicales, celles des pays de la zone ACP (Afrique-Caraïbes-Pacifique), qui constitue un champ d'intervention privilégié pour la Communauté Européenne. Ces pays, notamment les régions forestières, ont la triste particularité de présenter une certaine homogénéité, celle d'un sous-développement chronique, si l'on prend comme point de référence la décolonisation des décennies soixante et soixante-dix ; ils offrent un contraste frappant avec l'émergence du cône sudafricain, de l'Asie du Sud-Est ou du Brésil par exemple. Dans un premier chapitre, nous ferons la revue des questions que les mondes scientifique et politique se posent actuellement sur ces forêts. Nous rappellerons les tendances évolutives que tout observateur de bonne foi peut enregistrer depuis une trentaine d'années, mais qu'il nous a semblé indispensable de synthétiser, tant les vieux schémas idéologiques les plus variés semblent prégnants. Ils inhibent en effet la construction de politiques économiques et sociales saines, qui permettraient la mise en place de systèmes politiques viables, une conservation raisonnable de la biodiversité et un épanouissement culturel et social serein des populations, tant urbaines que rurales. Le deuxième chapitre présentera tout d'abord, à l'échelle régionale, nos investigations à la lumière du questionnement précédent. Cet aspect essentiel concentre les héritages historiques et culturels, créateurs des fameuses différences affichées par une part sans cesse croissante des habitants d'un monde pensé comme global. Dans le troisième chapitre, l'approche régionale sera synthétisée sous la forme de 36 questions, dans un exposé thématique et raisonné des paramètres que tout programme de développement durable doit prendre en compte. Ces questions sont la quintessence de notre programme. Nous y mettrons en situation les réponses possibles visant à définir un cadre politique cohérent. La dernière partie ...

Le présent texte a pour but d'apporter un éclairage réaliste sur la situation contemporaine d'une partie des forêts tropicales, celles des pays de la zone ACP (Afrique-Caraïbes-Pacifique), qui constitue un champ d'intervention privilégié pour la Communauté Européenne. Ces pays, notamment les régions forestières, ont la triste particularité de présenter une certaine homogénéité, celle d'un sous-développement chronique, si l'on prend comme point de référence la décolonisation des décennies soixante et soixante-dix ; ils offrent un contraste frappant avec l'émergence du cône sudafricain, de l'Asie du Sud-Est ou du Brésil par exemple. Dans un premier chapitre, nous ferons la revue des questions que les mondes scientifique et politique se posent actuellement sur ces forêts. Nous rappellerons les tendances évolutives que tout observateur de bonne foi peut enregistrer depuis une trentaine d'années, mais qu'il nous a semblé indispensable de synthétiser, tant les vieux schémas idéologiques les plus variés semblent prégnants. Ils inhibent en effet la construction de politiques économiques et sociales saines, qui permettraient la mise en place de systèmes politiques viables, une conservation raisonnable de la biodiversité et un épanouissement culturel et social serein des populations, tant urbaines que rurales. Le deuxième chapitre présentera tout d'abord, à l'échelle régionale, nos investigations à la lumière du questionnement précédent. Cet aspect essentiel concentre les héritages historiques et culturels, créateurs des fameuses différences affichées par une part sans cesse croissante des habitants d'un monde pensé comme global. Dans le troisième chapitre, l'approche régionale sera synthétisée sous la forme de 36 questions, dans un exposé thématique et raisonné des paramètres que tout programme de développement durable doit prendre en compte. Ces questions sont la quintessence de notre programme. Nous y mettrons en situation les réponses possibles visant à définir un cadre politique cohérent. La dernière partie ...

Marine plastics pollution (MPP) is an alarming problem affecting many countries, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region, and generated mostly from land-based sources. Five Asian countries (i.e. China, Indonesia, the Philippines, Vietnam and Sri Lanka) have been identified as the largest sources of MPP globally. This article presents two cases studies focused on the two largest polluters: China and Indonesia. Both countries face similar challenges in dealing with plastic pollution. They have weak legal and institutional frameworks in place to deal with MPP. The two case studies also show that there have been more creative and effective measures taken at the domestic level by local governments and non-state actors, many of which involve partnerships among different stakeholders. This article argues that governance efforts to address MPP require an 'all hands-on deck' approach, involving multi-level and multi-actor strategies and targeted regulatory and non-regulatory measures. However, our findings also suggest that most efforts should be directed at the subnational level, from which the problem mainly originates. This article proposes a number of legal and policy recommendations, based on the lessons learned from the case studies, which can be instrumental in reducing the global MPP crisis.

Aptasensors have a great potential for environmental monitoring, particularly for real-time on-site detection of aquatic toxins produced by marine and freshwater microorganisms (cyanobacteria, dinoflagellates, and diatoms), with several advantages over other biosensors that are worth considering. Freshwater monitoring is of vital importance for public health, in numerous human activities, and animal welfare, since these toxins may cause fatal intoxications. Similarly, in marine waters, very effective monitoring programs have been put in place in many countries to detect when toxins exceed established regulatory levels and accordingly enforce shellfish harvesting closures. Recent advances in the fields of aptamer selection, nanomaterials and communication technologies, offer a vast array of possibilities to develop new imaginative strategies to create improved, ultrasensitive, reliable and real-time devices, featuring unique characteristics to produce and amplify the signal. So far, not many strategies have been used to detect aquatic toxins, mostly limited to the optic and electrochemical sensors, the majority applied to detect microcystin-LR using a target-induced switching mode. The limits of detection of these aptasensors have been decreasing from the nM to the fM order of magnitude in the past 20 years. Aspects related to sensor components, performance, aptamers sequences, matrices analyzed and future perspectives, are considered and discussed. ; We also would like to thank to EMERTOX (grant 734748), funded by H2020-MSCA-RISE 2016, and the Project CY-SENSORS (grant no. 032359), co-financed by COMPETE 2020, Portugal 2020 and the European Union through the ERDF, and by FCT through national funds. ...

This book explores a wide range of new approaches to the economic, social, legal, scientific, technological, financial, architectural, environmental, and humanistic challenges that humanity will face due to increased automation. The new methods and approaches outlined by the various experts in this book will help inform and inspire humanity to create a more balanced world in which science, economics, and the environment can thrive for years to come.

The "Earthrise" photograph, taken on the 1968 Apollo 8 mission, became one of the most significant images of the 20th Century. It triggered a profound shift in environmental awareness and the potential for human unity-inspiring the first Earth Day in 1970. Taking inspiration from these events 50 years later, we initiated Project Earthrise at our 2020 annual conference of inVIVO Planetary Health. This builds on the emergent concept of planetary health, which provides a shared narrative to integrate rich and diverse approaches from all aspects of society towards shared solutions to global challenges. The acute catastrophe of the COVID-19 pandemic has drawn greater attention to many other interconnected global health, environmental, social, spiritual, and economic problems that have been underappreciated or neglected for decades. This is accelerating opportunities for greater collaborative action, as many groups now focus on the necessity of a "Great Transition". While ambitious integrative efforts have never been more important, it is imperative to apply these with mutualistic value systems as a compass, as we seek to make wiser choices. Project Earthrise is our contribution to this important process. This underscores the imperative for creative ecological solutions to challenges in all systems, on all scales with advancing global urbanization in the digital age-for personal, environmental, economic and societal health alike. At the same time, our agenda seeks to equally consider our social and spiritual ecology as it does natural ecology. Revisiting the inspiration of "Earthrise", we welcome diverse perspectives from across all dimensions of the arts and the sciences, to explore novel solutions and new normative values. Building on academic rigor, we seek to place greater value on imagination, kindness and mutualism as we address our greatest challenges, for the health of people, places and planet.

"Overall, Pesticides, A Love Story concludes convincingly that American desires to control and dominate nature, as well as an inability to move beyond immediate, short-term decisions, heavily influenced attitudes about pesticides."--Reviews in American History "An excellent example of cultural and environmental history and a must read for any student of postwar American environmentalism or postwar US culture in general."--Environmental History "An excellent contribution to the growing body of scholarship on synthetic pesticides."--American Historical Review "Beyond its accessibility to a broad spectrum of readers, Pesticides, a Love Story offers an impressive breadth of coverage, with sections devoted to the assessment of herbicides, Integrated Pest Management, endocrine disrupters, organic foods, and GMOs, all in addition to the familiar topics like the role of DDT in controlling malaria during WWII."--H-Net Reviews "Provides a detailed history of the global 'love affair' with technology in general and pesticides in particular. . . . A useful and objective--if not dispassionate--and comprehensive account."--Choice "An impressive, thought-provoking work of value to historians specializing in the twentieth century, U.S. diplomacy, environmental politics, science and technology, public health, food policy, communications, and other topics pertaining to the ways synthetic chemical pesticides have endured many challenges to become an entrenched part of modern industrial agriculture."--Journal of American History.

Walkability is a critical component of built environments, yet there is still diverse conceptualization and measurement of the construct. The Walk Score® metric is one measure of walkability, which is widely used in scholarly, industry, and public domains. With increased interest in the use of Walk Score® as a research tool, it is necessary to examine the operationalization and scope of the measure. This scoping review examined how researchers utilized Walk Score® in walkability research, with specific attention to identifying limitations related to health outcomes as well as the use of the metric in non-health research contexts. Findings from the review provide a novel and critically nuanced understanding of how the assumptions and limitations of Walk Score® are addressed relative to socio-ecological aspects of walkability.

Zoological parks are considered to be the most important source of contact between people and animals in modern society. Charged with the dual responsibility of caring for animals and people, zoos need information regarding both aspects of their mission statement. This article describes zoo visitors in relation to their primary motivation (educational vs. recreational) and social orientation (intrinsic vs. altruistic). These components were isolated and compared using t tests for dependent measures. Educational, recreational, intrinsic, and altruistic reasons were found to be statistically significant, thus yielding multiple satisfactions associated with a zoological park. Contemporary zoos may not recognize the value of conducting social research or the importance of meeting visitors' needs. However, in order to broaden their base of political and financial support, zoos should attempt to increase public benefits.

Many neighborhoods in contemporary Brazilian cities, known as condomínios exclusivos (CE) (exclusive condominiums), are surrounding themselves with walls or fences and using security gates to control access. By reinforcing spatial differentiation, turning inwards, and avoiding the rest of the city, CEs are dramatically affecting urban form. This article describes our study of an important aspect of the Brazilian CE phenomenon: specifically, satisfaction among CE residents. We used a structured questionnaire to study residential satisfaction in one CE. Not surprisingly, residents are highly satisfied with living in a CE. However, the reasons why they moved into the CE do not coincide with why they like living there now. Three main factors that predict residential satisfaction in CEs are their: a) location, b) safety, and c) unique characteristics.

PurposeUsing a hierarchical component model conceptualization, this study aims to investigate the moderating role of perceived corporate social responsibility (CSR) dimensions (i.e., economic, environmental and social) on the impact of brand awareness towards consumer relationship intention.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a two-stage disjoint approach of partial least squares structural equation modeling using data from 325 respondents based in a Southeast Asian region. The case of ecolabel brands was chosen as the context of the investigation.FindingsThe results suggest that brand awareness and perceived CSR dimensions positively impact consumer relationship intention. It was also observed that perceived CSR dimensions moderate the relationship between brand awareness and relationship intention. Consumers with more favorable sentiments of economic, environmental and social dimensions as reflected by the firms' CSR programs exhibit a higher degree of relationship intention.Research limitations/implicationsUsing the stakeholder theory as well as the brand value chain framework, this study adds to the literature regarding the significance of perceived CSR dimensions to better build and maintain relationships with the targeted customers of an environmentally friendly product. CSR strategies should be emphasized for relevant companies in terms of the economic, environmental and social aspects. According to this research, customer views about the three CSR initiative characteristics may act as a moderator in the interactions between consumer awareness and relationship intention.Practical implicationsCSR may be utilized in addition to traditional marketing communication to represent the firm's unique value proposition in the market. It is vital to create a CSR program that combines economic, environmental and social factors. Firms may collaborate with various stakeholders to ensure that their CSR initiatives include three elements.Originality/valueThis study adds to the literature on the moderating role of perceived CSR dimensions on the relationship of consumer brand awareness and relationship intention using the theoretical lens of the stakeholder theory and the brand value chain.

Abstract The Belt and Road Initiative has tremendously increased the interaction of China with the countries involved, pushing forward the integration and comparative phase, based on the main factors affecting the energy, environmental and development scenarios. The indicators of this process are strictly related to the environmental sustainability of projects and infrastructural initiatives which entail aspects regarding climate change, environmental impact, transport management, urbanization and effective utilization of energy. Through this osmotic program, which the Chinese government said in 2013 would be executed from east to west, the contributions Western countries may make to maximize the common efforts are foreseeably very important for the success of the whole BRI and, indirectly, for the harmonization of the very rapid Chinese growth. China held the first position in 2014 for electricity generation (5388 billion kwh/h) and coal production (4.27 billion short tons/year), as well as the second position for petroleum consumption. On the other hand, carbon dioxide emissions were 1.8 times those of the USA in 2015, and transport, urbanization and energy intensity still struggle to attain optimal levels. The quality of productive sectors, research and universities is still low in the world ranking, despite the huge efforts of the Chinese, due to a still slow and cumbersome internationalization process. This article aims to integrate the numerous excellent studies published in the last few years on sustainable development and energy effectiveness within the BRI (Table 1 provides some specific references), by carrying out a systematic analysis of the Chinese energy, environmental and sustainable landscape from a Western perspective, breaking the main areas of the Chinese scenario down into its components and identifying those where the contributions of Western countries can support the gaps coverage. In this respect, the change of viewpoint provided by this study may be beneficial to properly balance the BRI perspective along the east-west axis.

Introduction: Human nutrition is a discipline that extends beyond biological aspects, and is integrated into social, political, historical, environmental, economic and cultural components. Among these, there is growing interest in nutrition-related ecology. Our objective was to recognize the main concepts that relate human nutrition with ecology, addressing the perspectives of ecological thinking that have influenced the food and nutrition field. Reflection: The perspectives of ecological thinking that have influenced the food and nutrition field might be grouped into: environmental, social and socio-environmental, and two concepts: eco-nutrition and ecological nutrition. Conclusions: Econutrition links nutrition with environment while ecological nutrition relates social, economic, environmental and health dimensions, which are part of human nutrition. These concepts propose a new way of understanding nutrition and food and allows promotion of applied research, education and policy making. ; Introducción: la nutrición humana trasciende aspectos biológicos y está integrada por aspectos sociales, políticos, históricos, ambientales, económicos y culturales; entre ellos hay un interés creciente por los relacionados con la ecología. Dado lo anterior, el objetivo de esta reflexión es reconocer las perspectivas del pensamiento ecológico que han influenciado el campo alimentario y nutricional. Reflexión: las exploraciones sobre el tema permitieron evidenciar perspectivas que podrían agruparse en ambientales, sociales y socio-ambientales; en el marco de la primera podría inscribirse el concepto econutrición y en la última la nutrición ecológica. Conclusiones: estos términos refieren diferentes dimensiones, siendo la econutrición un término para vincular nutrición y medio ambiente, mientras la nutrición ecológica relaciona dimensiones sociales, económicas, ambientales y de salud, en la cual se inscribe la nutrición humana; así, esta reflexión ofrece una orientación conceptual que puede ser útil para la formulación de investigación aplicada, la formación y la formulación de políticas alimentarias y nutricionales.

ABSTRACT: Human nutrition is a discipline that extends beyond biological aspects, and is integrated into social, political, historical, environmental, economic and cultural components. Among these, there is growing interest in nutrition-related ecology. Our objective was to recognize the main concepts that relate human nutrition with ecology, addressing the perspectives of ecological thinking that have influenced the food and nutrition field. Reflection: The perspectives of ecological thinking that have influenced the food and nutrition field might be grouped into: environmental, social and socio-environmental, and two concepts: eco-nutrition and ecological nutrition. Conclusions: Econutrition links nutrition with environment while ecological nutrition relates social, economic, environmental and health dimensions, which are part of human nutrition. These concepts propose a new way of understanding nutrition and food and allows promotion of applied research, education and policy making. ; RESUMEN: la nutrición humana trasciende aspectos biológicos y está integrada por aspectos sociales, políticos, históricos, ambientales, económicos y culturales; entre ellos hay un interés creciente por los relacionados con la ecología. Dado lo anterior, el objetivo de esta reflexión es reconocer las perspectivas del pensamiento ecológico que han influenciado el campo alimentario y nutricional. Reflexión: las exploraciones sobre el tema permitieron evidenciar perspectivas que podrían agruparse en ambientales, sociales y socio-ambientales; en el marco de la primera podría inscribirse el concepto econutrición y en la última la nutrición ecológica. Conclusiones: estos términos refieren diferentes dimensiones, siendo la econutrición un término para vincular nutrición y medio ambiente, mientras la nutrición ecológica relaciona dimensiones sociales, económicas, ambientales y de salud, en la cual se inscribe la nutrición humana; así, esta reflexión ofrece una orientación conceptual que puede ser útil para la formulación de investigación aplicada, la formación y la formulación de políticas alimentarias y nutricionales.