Suchergebnisse

This paper aims at reviewing selected literature on (1) structural financial changes observed in a large sample of transition economies in the Central and/or Oriental Europe during the last two decades, (2) efficiency of this financial liberalization in relative terms (in macroeconomic sense), and (3) impact of liberalization on financial problems of small and medium-size enterprises, a specific 'puzzle' concerning this very important economic sector as for its role in the employment and growth of these economies.

AbstractThis article situates the development of the kin-state politics literature within the context of post-Cold War scholarship on ethnicity, nationalism, and conflict. It outlines how an increasingly mature literature emerged around the domestic political and foreign policy drivers of kin-state politics as scholars drew from a number of perspectives, from the literature on irredentism to that on diaspora politics and transborder nationalism. The article then evaluates scholarship on the drivers and impacts of kin-state politics, with a focus on the consequences of kin-state politics for the cultural and political landscape of external kin communities and the impact on regional security and stability. While a rich and nuanced literature has helped to contextualize the tensions and complexities of the former, I argue that the latter needs to be developed further. Careful work needs to be done to more precisely establish the conditions under which kin-state politics constitute a security threat. Future scholarship should bring together a more ground level perspective of how kin-state policies are perceived, utilized, and/or instrumentalized by their intended subjects with a critical understanding of how the "game" of kin-state politics is played within the home state and the kin-state.

Fake news, Post-Truth are now entries into the ordinary language of contemporary politics to denote - with anxiety and concern - the definitive rupture of the relationship between truth and politics. A relationship that has never been idyllic and that cannot be, constitutively, idyllic, but which now seems to have reached a point of no return. Glossing the reflections of Hannah Arendt in Truth and Politics and pointing out two areas of "political licence" - that is, two areas where, inevitably, politics cannot be judged on parameters of truth - this contribution aims to treat the weakness of shared truths not as a cause of the crisis of democracies, but as a symptom of a more radical problem, an extreme subjectivism that leads to loneliness and intolerance towards any relationship based on trust. ; Fake news, Post-Truth son palabras que han entrado en el lenguaje ordinario de la política contemporánea para denotar -con ansiedad y preocupación- la ruptura definitiva de la relación entre verdad y política. Una relación que nunca ha sido idílica y que constitucionalmente no puede serlo, pero que ahora parece haber llegado a un punto sin retorno. Glosando las reflexiones de Hannah Arendt en Verdad y Política y señalando dos áreas de «licencia política» - es decir, en las que, inevitablemente, la política no puede juzgarse en función de los parámetros de verdad -, esta contribución pretende tratar la debilidad de las verdades compartidas no como la causa de la crisis de las democracias, sino como un síntoma de un problema más radical, un subjetivismo extremo que desemboca en soledad e intolerancia hacia cualquier relación de confianza.

Abstract. In this era of high global business competition and resource depletion, the call for a new economic model is getting louder. In such a condition, the concept of circular economy (CE) has gone one step further to analyze its potentiality to address the recent business and economic sustainable developments and thus gained strong ground for adoption. In addition to the material resources, human labor is, indeed, an important input for the production process of products or services. However, there has been little study made on human labor or human factors as vital resources in the context of the circular economy. The purpose of this review is to explore how human issues are considered in the circular economy context by studying the existing literature. Thus, the focus is on employee well-being, occupational safety & health, employment issues, and human resource management. PRISMA tool was used for the systematic review. The review of articles shows that human issues were not directly the topic of interest for most of the researchers studying the perspectives of a circular economy. However, some issues related to this thesis came up in their studies. Thus, the current literature indicates the fact that the existing abilities of the employees, their skills, policies for workplace safety, and employee health issues are not in compliance with the progressive trend of CE adoption by different industries. In these regards, special employee training to build required skills, specific workplace safety measures, strong policies and regulations by government and other authorities are recommended to incorporate in circular business model to pursue the true effectiveness of circular economy.

Examines how the politicoeconomic & sociocultural dimensions of the international system determine the mobilization of identity politics in postcolonial & emerging states, focusing on the role of Western material & ideational influences. After the variables of these influences are defined & explained, described is why certain identities & their institution bases are altered, transformed, & ultimately selected over other competing identities in the same space. Case studies in the Islamic world (Iran, Algeria, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, & Kyrgyzstan) of antistatist social mobilization show that the homogenization effect of the international system may be overrated, &, despite the pervasiveness of Western cultural & economic practices, nonsecular identities often replace secular ones because of international pressures & collapsing secular states. Further study of the international effects on states undergoing macroeconomic restructuring, the consequences of capital flight, & former Cold War client states cut off from aid is advocated. Adapted from the source document.

Although racial groupings are not biologically determined, socially constructed racial categorizations greatly influence an individual's material conditions and lived experiences. Social, economic, political, and educational realms are stratified as a result of racism, or the racist structures embedded in institutions and policies that allow whites to control the majority of resources. The extent to which the dominant group is collectively privileged in the United States' society is difficult for whites to fully comprehend due to their social position. Teacher candidates need to understand the ways in which economic and social manifestations of racism affect educational institutions, which in turn perpetuates the racial sorting of students. White preservice teachers in particular need to be guided to understand structural racism and white privilege so they can effectively teach culturally, racially, and linguistically diverse students. In this article, one teacher educator shares a review of the literature that helped her move beyond good intentions toward an anti-racist stance.

The radical change of politics and ideology in the post-Communist states in the Yugoslav area caused a revaluation of national histories. The production of desirable history has the political support of the current authorities in the states that emerged from the break-up of Yugoslavia. The features of revaluing the past and writing desirable history are: anti-communism, anti-Yugoslavism and radical nationalism. At the same time, the engaged attitude towards anti-fascism as a national phenomenon is evident. Partisan anti-fascism is diminished or denied, the partisan movement and Communist ideology are criminalized by insisting on real and imagined crimes, retaliation and repression against ideological opponents. Communism is completely declared a totalitarianism and a nationally harmful ideology. On the other hand, the ideology and practice of the subjects of collaboration are being relativized and efforts are being made to relativize responsibility, to present collaboration as a national need. Through a series of resolutions and recommendations from 1996 to 2019, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe obliged the former socialist states to reconsider their past, to "dismantle" communism and remove the consequences of Communist rule, to rehabilitate victims of punishment for ideological conflicts. Everything is at the level of theory and anti-communist ideology. Procedures are not standardized, as the re-examination of the Communist-socialist past should be performed by the proposed subjects who can competently revise history and eliminate the consequences of totalitarian rule. History is being re-examined by whoever wants it, and rehabilitation without guilt is being done by local courts. There are no clear statements that revisionist practice is conditioned by European resolutions and declarations, but the character and content of revisionist journalism is in line with the adopted requirements.

The article introduces the concept of mega-essay as an integrated format into literary circulation in the era of postmodernism. Its specificity is outlined in other forms of ensemble association of essay works: mega-essay as an integrated formation is a consolidated format, it differs from other forms of essay compilations (collection, cycle) with greater completeness, more thorough basis of design. It has a closed structure, because all its structural components (sections, subsections, framework elements constituting the whole book) are interconnected. They are closely related to the author's intention, outlined in the preface or introduction, concluded on the basis of causal and associative principles. Based on the analyzed works of Ortega y Gasset, O. Zabuzhko's «Notre Dame d'Ukraine», N. Zborovska's «My Lesia Ukrainka», etc. conclusions are made about specific features of the mega-essays, in which the phenomenon chosen for comprehension (culture, epoch, turning point of history) is described in detail by incorporating internal and external contexts, authoritative references, other works, and if necessary, with the dominance of the essayistic method of presentation of opinions, related to the personal views of the author. Emphasis is placed on the affinity of ideas and selected essay formats of Ortega y Gasset and O. Zabuzhko, given their content and structural organization. Conclusions are made about the role and significance of essays of this format in postmodern European literature.

This article is about the implementation of a literary module in a large scale Swedish professional development programme for teachers called the Reading Lift, which was introduced in 2014 in response to alarming PISA results. While the government-assigned preparatory work stressed the importance of literature and literary didactic methods, this area was reduced significantly in the hands of the National Agency for Education. For upper secondary school, the Agency did not initially plan for any literary content. This article examines what happened when L1 teachers demanded a literary module. Specifically, we study how the module was implemented and how literature is viewed. The study is based on interviews with researchers who contributed with content on behalf of the Agency and qualitative content analysis of the literature module. Results show that the module represents a focus on knowledge and art, unlike the instrumental and skills focused perspectives on literature for compulsory school, explored in an earlier study. One explanation for this, is that the influence of street-level agency bureaucrats was reduced due to various circumstances. The result was to the benefit of literary education but at the same time a high-risk route for the Agency's requirements for measurability