Search results

Borders and mobility in arts, history, and well-beingComparison of curcumin content and antioxidant activity of turmeric samples collected from Indonesia and Thailand: Considerations for the future sharing of the natural resource A. Dechakhamphu, J. Junlatat, M. Agil, B. Prajogo & N. PursariwatiEfficiency of household accounting: A case study of a model village in Thailand N. Thongprasert & S. MalaForecasts for trans-border mobility: A case study of agricultural products imported from Laos to Thailand via the Chong-Mek border N. NanthasamroengSocial class representation: FoodTruck Culinary Surabaya community R. RahartikaThe Bawean ethnic language: Attitude and diglossic community culture S.W.B. UtamiMulti-ethnic and religious conflicts in media reported by international online media: http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/statue-of-chinese-god-guan-yu-stokestension-in-indonesia P. WibawantoDemystifying Nusantara A. BahroniCommercial activities and development of the towns in the west side of Banda Sea Indonesia, early twentieth century L.O. Rabani Borders and mobility in literature and cultureRemixed Javaneseness: Lyrics of levelling adiluhung non-adiluhung E.D. RiyantoThe expression of cultural values in Sundanese manuscripts of the Mandala period H.M. Lyra, D. Indira & T. MuhtadinCriticisms of the depiction of freedom of characters in Dewi Lestari's novel entitled Supernova: Kesatria, Putri dan Bintang Jatuh M.N.A.T. GemilangTranslation ideology recommendation for translating cultural issues in children comics from English into Indonesian: Crossing the borders between language and culture of SLT and TLT Nurlaila, M. Nababan, Djatmika & R. SantosaThe director's responses and the shaping of Indonesia's identity in the European film festival funding R. Ihwanny & M. BudimanChildren in Indonesian cinema during colonialism: The border of cross-identity S. WibawaMimicking East Asian popular culture products: Temporality of urban global culture in Indonesia S.M.G. TambunanRepresentation of nostalgia for home in diasporic poetry: An analysis of selected poems of mahtem shiferraw S. EliasReturned participants' Perception of the Sarjana Mengajar di Daerah Terluar, Terdepan dan Tertinggal (SM-3T) program Y.S. Amalia, C.S. Budiono & R. AndiniCapital reconversion practices by Srintil in the novel Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk T.W. Iswara Borders and mobility in language and multilingualismMorphological system of Javanese verbs in the border area of East Java (Tapal Kuda) A.S. Rohmah, Mahdar & W.A. SariJavanese Unggah-Ungguh level used in some rubrics of the Jaya Baya and Panjebar Semangat magazines B.D.Y. PuteriThe role of language in border relations (Desa Tajungan Kec Kamal, Kab Bangkalan, Madura) D.R. Sugiharti, Miladiyah & Y.S. AmaliaIndirect criticism in the ethnic Madurese community: Its various semantic formulas, lingual markers, and context of use E. Jauhari & D. PurnantoMultilingualism and mobility: Defining borders within Surabaya city through the linguistic cityscape E. RusnaningtiasBorder or beyond: Dangdut jazz's reception and liminality analysis in the ITS Jazz community F.Z. Putri & B.A. SansokoCulture shifting from wearing sarong to wearing trousers amongst the people of Bangkalan Madura I. HusnaLinguistic landscapes: A study of human mobility and identity change K. Artawa & N.W. SartiniLanguage transfer in Javanese video clips on YouTube: A sociolinguistic analysis of Cak Ikin's Culoboyo videos S.D.S. Tungga & T. SuhardijantoLinguistic landscape as a social identity construction of the public space: The case of Batu District Y. Indarti Borders and mobility in education and policiesPolicy implementation for fulfilling 30% quota of women's representation in the 2014 legislative member election: A study on the PDI-P and the PPP in Palangka Raya R.S. TulisEmpowering SMEs and cooperatives: Export capacity building in the era of AEC trade liberalisation Koesrianti, D. Puspitawati & N.A. KurniasariDevelopment of an exercise program to enhance the ability of students in Thai massage classroom: Considerations for promoting traditional medicine education at national and international levels K. Peng-ngummuang, K. Noiming, P. Promsit, S. Srisanga & J. JunlatatGaming is learning: No more border between children with and without autism spectrum disorder L.H. Suryawardhani & Y.S. AmaliaHomeschooling as an alternative education system in Surabaya Wulansary Borders and mobility in gender, identity, and behaviorismEnvironmentalism and consumerism: The contradiction of globalization in behavior consumption of the urban middle class in Surabaya, Indonesia D.A. Arimbi, N. Wulan & F. ColombijnThe enforcement of state territoriality and shifting on borderlanders' mobility: The case of Indonesia-Malaysia border in Sebatik Island L. PuryantiCivil society and the model of Dayak identity struggle in Central Kalimantan: A framework of neo-Gramscian-Tocquevillian analysis A. Haridison & J.R.A. SandiGirl marriage and marginalisation of women in the cities of East Java E. SusantiAjhemo practice among Madurese women and its correlation with independently healthy life behaviour S. RatnawatiMuslimah identity on the Wardah Muslim-segmented cosmetic products N.C. Fajri Borders and mobility in maritime, spatial movement and localityMovements around island and waterfront reclamation projects T. KerrMaintaining expressions of prohibition (pamali) as signaling the existence of tengger community's culture D. Handayani & M. LutfiMulticulturalism and local wisdom in the Gilimanuk-Bali community I.B.P. ManuabaCultural capital of traders on Pahing Sunggingan market in Boyolali J.S. Gumilang, M. Wijaya, B. Haryono & M. Si"The Legend of Nusantara": Disguising the boundary between locality and globality in Indoeskrim Nusantara's commercial advertisement MilawatyUrban environmental quality and human well-being assessment: Towards walkable neighborhood (A case study of Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya) E.T. Sunarti, A.B. Tribhuwaneswari, O.E. Rachmalisa & R.P. KurniasantiTrialectic city space based on an immigrant view through urbanisation: A study on settlement migrants in Surabaya city I.Y.A. RohmahThe influence of social mobility on cultural values: A case study on Chinese-Indonesians in Surabaya, Indonesia -- preliminary research R.A. SaputraLocal government capacity in managing fishery conflict in the Indonesia-Malaysia maritime border zone M.A.P. Sari, M.R.K. Muluk & SujarwotoCoffee stall: Politics identity of Cangkrukan L. Santoso & M.G.R. Pandin Borders and mobility in media, technology and global research>

How can research into film policy inform us about the nature of power and cultural politics regarding film censorship? How does censorship affect the aesthetics and identity of film-making produced under political and market constraints? Focusing on the geopolitical regions of British Hong Kong, Taiwan, and China, this article delineates the impact of British colonial film censorship and the politics of cinematically representing revolutionary China during the Cold War. It reveals that British Hong Kong censors changed their strategy in the 1970s and 80s from suppressing mainland Chinese films to inhibiting films that might offend China from screening in Hong Kong. The evidence points to a distinctive picture of transregional smuggling and cinematic boundary-crossing, namely, the dangerous trafficking and interception of movie images, ideologies, and propaganda. Film screening of 'China' in Hong Kong and Taiwan was subject to strict official surveillance to quarantine undesirable public visuality and political discourses. The study examines film's ambiguous expressions of China and Chineseness as it constantly negotiated the factors of colonialism, Chinese nationalism, and Cold War transnational politics. 電影政策的研究如何揭示電影審查的權力機制及其文化政治的本質?在政治和市場的約束下,審查制度又如何影響電影製作的美學和自我定位?本文將聚焦英殖香港、台灣和中國這三個地緣政治區域,探討英國在殖民地實行的電影審查制度的影響,以及冷戰時期電影革命對中國政治的指涉。 1970至80年代期間,英殖香港的電影審查員改變了以往審查策略,從打壓中國大陸的電影變成禁止在香港放映可能會冒犯中國的電影。從這種策略上的改變可以看出跨地域"走私"音像影視對意識形態和宣傳領域的獨特影響。在當時的香港和台灣,放映和觀看有關「中國」的電影受到官方的嚴格監控,以杜絶可能惹是生非的公眾現象和政治話語。本文將呈現冷戰時期的港台電影及其在中國和中國性這兩個概念上模棱兩可的表達,研究在這種視覺記錄中,人們面對和處理殖民主義、中國民族主義和冷戰跨國政治等問題的過程。 ; 電影政策的研究如何揭示電影審查的權力機制及其文化政治的本質?在政治和市場的約束下,審查制度又如何影響電影製作的美學和自我定位?本文將聚焦英殖香港、台灣和中國這三個地緣政治區域,探討英國在殖民地實行的電影審查制度的影響,以及冷戰時期電影革命對中國政治的指涉。 1970至80年代期間,英殖香港的電影審查員改變了以往審查策略,從打壓中國大陸的電影變成禁止在香港放映可能會冒犯中國的電影。從這種策略上的改變可以看出跨地域"走私"音像影視對意識形態和宣傳領域的獨特影響。在當時的香港和台灣,放映和觀看有關「中國」的電影受到官方的嚴格監控,以杜絶可能惹是生非的公眾現象和政治話語。本文將呈現冷戰時期的港台電影及其在中國和中國性這兩個概念上模棱兩可的表達,研究在這種視覺記錄中,人們面對和處理殖民主義、中國民族主義和冷戰跨國政治等問題的過程。

İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrasında ortaya çıkan iki kutuplu sistemde devletlerin birbirinden ideolojik açıdan ayrışan bloklardan birinin içinde veya tarafında bulunması adeta bir zorunluluk halini almıştır. Fakat sömürgelikten yeni kurtulmuş ve bağımsızlığını henüz kazanmış olan ülkeler açısından, iki blokta da olmanın genel olarak bir anlamı ve artısı bulunmamaktaydı. Bağlantısızlar Hareketi, bu uluslararası ortamda büyük güçler arasında taraf tutmak istemeyen ve bağımsızlığı savunan devletlerin ortaya çıkardığı bir oluşum olmuştur. Grubun temel ilkeleri ve kuralları, 1955 yılında Endonezya'da düzenlenen Asya-Afrika Bandung Konferansı'nda yapılan tartışmalar sırasında ortaya çıkmıştır. Daha sonra, 5-12 Haziran 1961'de Mısır Kahire'de ilk Bağlantısızlar Hareketi Zirve Konferansı için bir hazırlık toplantısı düzenlenmiştir. Bu toplantıda, Bağlantısızlar Hareketi'nin üyelik kriterleri ve hedefleri belirlenmiştir. İlk resmi Bağlantısızlar Hareketi Zirve Konferansı, Eylül 1961'de Belgrad, Yugoslavya'da gerçekleşmiştir. Bağlantısızlar Hareketi'nin günümüze dek on sekiz konferansı gerçekleşmiştir. Bu çalışmada on yedi konferans ve bildirileri incelenmiştir. On sekizinci ve sonuncu konferans 25 Ekim 2019'da Azerbaycan'ın başkenti Bakü'de gerçekleşmiştir. Bu konferanslarda üçüncü dünya ülkelerinin bağımsızlıkları ve toprak bütünlükleri korunmaya çalışılmış; silahsızlanma, güvenlik, ekonomi ve kalkınma üzerine kararlar alınmış; sömürge hareketleri, işgaller, ırkçılık ve devletler üzerine yapılan her türlü baskıya karşı çıkılmıştır. Bağlantısızlar Hareketi'nin en önemli hedeflerinden biri de uluslararası alanda tam silahsızlanmayı sağlamak olmuştur. Uluslararası sistemin yapısı buna izin vermese de, Hareket yıllarca silahsızlanma çabalarından vazgeçmemiştir. Gösterilen II bu çabaların sonucunda, birçok yararlı silahsızlanma anlaşması imzalanmıştır. Bağlantısız ülkeler, büyük güçlerin kendi çıkarları uğruna, diğer devletlere karşı sert güç uygulamaması gerektiğini yıllarca vurgulamışlardır. Herhangi bir ülkenin toprak bütünlüğüne veya siyasi bağımsızlığına karşı saldırganlık eylemlerinden veya saldırganlık tehditlerinden ve kuvvet kullanımından kaçınılması gerektiğini savunmuşlardır. Tüm uluslararası uyuşmazlıkların müzakere, uzlaşma, tahkim veya adli çözüm gibi barışçıl yollarla veya Birleşmiş Milletler Şartı'na uygun olarak çözüme kavuşturulması için yıllarca çabalamışlardır. Çalışmanın birinci bölümünde, Soğuk Savaş döneminde uluslararası sistemin genel durumu ve bu dönemde gerçekleşen bazı önemli olaylar ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde, silahsızlanmanın anlamı ve önemine değinilerek bu konudaki belli başlı antlaşmalar incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın üçüncü bölümünde, Bağlantısızlar Hareketi'nin ortaya çıkışı, hedefleri, amaçları ile birlikte 1961'den 2016'ya kadar olan on yedi konferansın bildirileri genel olarak ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın dördüncü ve son bölümünde ise on yedi konferansın bildirilerinde silahsızlanma konusunda alınan kararlar incelenmiştir. ; In the bipolar system that emerged after the Second World War, it has become a necessity for states to be in or on the side of one of the blocks that differ ideologically from each other. However, for the countries that have just gotten rid of colonialism and have just gained their independence, being in either bloc generally did not have any meaning or advantage. The Non-Aligned Movement has been a formation created by states that do not want to take sides among the great Powers in this international environment and defend independence. The basic principles and rules of the group emerged during the discussions at the Asia-Africa Bandung Conference in Indonesia in 1955. Later, a preparatory meeting was held for the first Non-Aligned Movement Summit Conference in Cairo, Egypt on June 5-12, 1961. At this meeting, the membership criteria and goals of the Non- Aligned Movement were determined. The first official Non-Aligned Movement Summit Conference took place in Belgrade, Yugoslavia, in September 1961. Eighteen conferences of the Non-Aligned Movement have been held until today. Seventeen conferences and papers were examined in this study. The eighteenth and last conference was held on 25 October 2019 in Baku, the capital city of Azerbaijan. At these conferences, the independence and territorial integrity of the third World countries were tried to be protected, decisions were taken on disarmament, security, economy and development; Colonial movements, occupations, racism and any oppression on states have been opposed. One of the most important goals of the Non-Aligned Movement has been to ensure full disarmament in the international arena. Although the structure of the IV international system does not allow this, the Movement has not given up its disarmament efforts for years. As a result of these efforts, many beneficial disarmament agreements were signed. For years, the non-aligned countries have emphasized that the great powers should not exercise hard power against other states for their own benefit. They argued that acts of aggression or threats of aggression against the territorial integrity or political independence of any country and the use of force should be avoided. They have endeavored for years to resolve all international disputes peacefully, such as negotiation, reconciliation, arbitration, or judicial resolution, or in accordance with the United Nations Charter. In the first part of the study, the general situation of the international system during the Cold War and some important events during this period are discussed. In the second part of the study, by emphasizing the meaning and importance of disarmament, major agreements on this subject are examined. In the third part of the study, the emergence of the Non-Aligned Movement, its goals and objectives, together with the papers of seventeen conferences from 1961 to 2016, are discussed in general. In the fourth and last part of the study, the decisions taken on disarmament in the papers of seventeen conferences were examined.

Resumen El artículo es, en rigor, una propuesta de cuestión a investigar: una sociología histórica de las ciencias sociales latinoamericanas que, en una perspectiva de larga duración, recupere la extensa etapa protocientífica (o estudios sociales de primera generación), básicamente ensayística, pero generadora de dos legados que las ciencias sociales institucionalizadas y profesionalizadas (desde mediados del siglo XX) asumieron y potenciaron: la vocación por el cambio social, es decir, la interacción entre conocimiento y política, y la constitución de redes (personales en el primer caso, institucionales, en el segundo). El proceso de constitución de las ciencias sociales latinoamericanas, se sostiene, debe analizarse teniendo en cuenta la estrecha relación con las sucesivas coyunturas internacionales, especialmente a partir de la segunda posguerra, coyunturas que permiten explicar mejor la cambiante agenda de problemas abordados por los científicos sociales -básicamente desde una perspectiva de pensamiento crítico- a lo largo de los últimos setenta años. Así, por caso, los debates sobre el carácter feudal o capitalista de la colonización, los estudios de situaciones de dependencia, el Estado y la democracia. Estas cuatro grandes cuestiones derivan, de algún modo, de las críticas a la teoría de modernización, tan importante en los inicios de la institucionalización. Para el análisis de ésta, asimismo, debe tenerse en cuenta el primordial papel desempeñado por tres organismos internacionales -CEPAL, FLACSO y CLACSO- y por los centros académicos independientes. Se enfatiza el carácter innovador de nuestras ciencias sociales, particularmente durante las décadas de 1960 y 1970, el cual se diluyó a partir de fines o mediados de los años 1980, cuando se produjo un retorno a prácticas caracterizadas por el colonialismo cultural. Empero, en los últimos años se está gestando un proceso de retorno a pensar América Latina desde América Latina, proceso que abre la perspectiva de un rico debate. Palabras claves: ciencias sociales latinoamericanas,ResumoO artigo é, a rigor, uma proposta de questão a investigar: a sociologia histórica das ciências sociais latino-americanas que, em uma perspectiva a longo prazo, recupere a extensa fase protocientífica (ou estudos sociais de primeira geração), basicamente ensaística, mas que acabou gerando dois legados que as ciências sociais institucionalizadas e profissionalizadas, em meados do século XX, assumiram e reforçaram: a vocação para a mudança social, ou seja, a interação entre conhecimento e política, e o networking (pessoal, no primeiro caso, e institucional, no segundo). O processo de formação das ciências sociais latino-americanas, argumenta-se, deve ser considerado tendo em conta a estreita relação mediante sucessivas articulações internacionais, especialmente desde a Segunda Guerra Mundial. Tais articulações permitem explicar melhor a variante agenda de questões abordadas pelos cientistas sociais - basicamente, a partir da perspectiva de pensamento crítico ao longo dos últimos 70 anos. Assim, por exemplo, as discussões sobre o caráter feudal ou capitalista da colonização estudam situações de dependência, do Estado e da democracia. Estas quatro grandes questões derivam de alguma forma, das críticas à teoria da modernização, tão importante no início da institucionalização. Para esta análise também deve ser observado o papel fundamental desempenhado por três organizações internacionais -ECLAC, FLACSO e CLACSO- e pelos centros acadêmicos independentes. O caráter inovador de nossas ciências sociais são enfatizados, principalmente durante os anos 1960 e 1970, que foi diluída a partir de finais ou meados dos anos 1980, quando houve um retorno a práticas caracterizadas pelo colonialismo cultural. No entanto, nos últimos anos se tem feito um processo de volta para a América Latina pensada pela América Latina, tal processo expõe a possibilidade de um debate mais profundo. Palavras-chave: --- AbstractThe article is, in fact, a proposed research question: a historical sociology of Latin American social sciences, in a long term perspective, recall the vast stage of the social studies of first generation basically essays, but generating two legacies that institutionalized and professionalized social sciences (from mid-twentieth century) assumed and reinforced: the vocation for social change, the interaction between knowledge and policy, network building (personal in the first case, institutional, in the second). The process of formation of Latin American social sciences should be analyzed taking into account the close relationship between the successive international situation, especially since the Second World War, joints that allow better explain the changing list of problems approached by social scientists from basically perspectives critical thinking over the last seventy years. So, for instance, the discussions on the feudal or capitalist nature of colonization, studies of dependency situations, the state, and democracy. These four major issues arise, somehow criticism of modernization theory, so important in the early institutionalization. For this analysis, it should also be noted the key role played by three international agencies -CEPAL, FLACSO, and CLACSO- and independent academic centers. The innovative nature of our social sciences is emphasized, particularly during the 1960s and 1970s, which was diluted from mid or late 1980s, when there was a return to practices characterized cultural colonialism. However, in recent years it is developing a process to think back to Latin America from Latin America, a process that opens up the prospect of a rich discussion. Keywords: Latin American Social Sciences,

This thesis deals with narrative and discursive resources found in the works of five Chicana writers who write in Spanish in the eighties: Lucha Corpi, Gina Valdes, Miriam Bornstein, Erlinda Gonzales-Berry and Margarita Cota-Cárdenas. This study analyzes some literary devices that link the production of these five Chicana writers with minor literature and the concept of contact zone; furthermore this project studies how these writers create a transcultural and transnational literature. This study will argue that these five Chicana writers are "conspirators in contact zones" and their literary works have been regarded as minor literature. Deleuze and Guattari define a minor literature through three main characteristics; firstly the deterritorialization of language, secondly the political element, and finally, the collective value. The writers discussed in this thesis are configured as conspirators because they fight against the dominant discourses creating other possible narratives that demonstrate the process of exclusion and discrimination that they have endored as Chicana women writing in Spanish in the US. My work also shows how by writing in Spanish, this group of Chicana writers open spaces from where is it possible to resist to a dominant discourse and deconstruct hegemonic form. In addition, this study shows how these writers act as conspirators in an area that Mary Louise Pratt calls "contact zone," a space "where disparate cultures meet, clash, and grapple with each other, often in highly asymmetrical relations of domination and subordination: such as colonialism, or are their aftermaths as they lived out across the globe today" (Imperial Eyes 7). Following the idea of "contact zone," it's clear that the Chicana writers I analyzed have lived in these spaces, for different reasons, and have experienced culture shock and relations of domination and subordination. As a result of these experiences, their works can be defined as transcultural. In these works we find to a greater or lesser extent, what according to Pratt contain cultural productions that occur in the contact zones: "Autoethnography, transculturation, critique, collaboration, bilingualism, mediation, parody, denunciation, imaginary dialogue, vernacular expression miscomprehension, incomprehension, dead letters, unread masterpieces, absolute heterogeneity of meaning and related hazards will also present" (Arts of the Contact 37). My dissertation chapters discuss how using Spanish, these Chicana writers construct poetic spaces and intertextuality from domestic situations, and create a minor literature that questions the concepts considered stable and homogeneous like the idea of nation, language and identity. Furthermore these women also propose their own feminism ranging from the personal to the collective, acting like true conspirators in contact zones. My study is necessary for several reasons. The first reason is because the literary critics overlooked the works of Chicana writers written in Spanish. Although these authors have not been totally ignored by critics, especially Chicano critics, the fact is that these studies have focused on the ones written in English translated into English. A second reason is that there is no study that has grouped these five writers (Lucha Corpi, Gina Valdes, Miriam Bornstein, Margarita Cota-Cárdenas and Erlinda Gonzales-Berry) as representatives of a Chicano literature written in Spanish in the eighties. The presence and contribution of Chicano literary woman remained in the dark for a long time. In the eighties there was an awakening of Chicano literature produced by the female community, as the Chicano woman found its place in American editorials, This was due to the socio-political claims of Chicano movement and also the rise of the feminist movement and civil rights in full fervor during those decades. However, as discussed at various points in this dissertation writing in Spanish did not offer the same publishing conditions experienced by other contemporary Chicano writers writing in English. This thesis covers this lack of attention toward cultural production in Spanish written by women, and shows the need to assert the Spanish language as a vehicle of expression of Chicano literature in the United States. Another reason for the need for this study its multidisciplinary theoretical approach. We understand that the works of these authors should not be regarded just as a purely literary product; in fact they also are tools to understand the variety of Chicano contexts, by revealing that confinement in a single battle or a single community is not possible. These writers show a creative desire that goes beyond spatial barriers that reinforce social differences and power relations based on race, class, sex, gender and national status. Supporting this perspective, a cultural and textual analysis of his works should incorporate transcultural argument that reveals two impossibilities: the existence of a single cultural heritage, as expressed by the Moroccan philosopher Abdelkebir Khatibi in his article "plural Maghreb", and the inability to oppose the cultural hegemony from positions based on absolute truths of race and ethnicity. In conclusion with this study I aim to contribute and join the effort of a literary criticism that tries to overcome reductionist, unambiguous and stereotyped criteria, showing the reality of a Chicano space with a large internal diversity both for the various themes used, the diverse language skills, and for different regions of origin.

Full Text As this edition of Undercurrents is poised to print, an online CBC article reports the top ten things visitors will not see in Beijing during the Olympic Games. The government is in the midst of a crackdown to manufacture what they believe is a more acceptable China, or perhaps more precisely, a more acceptable China to Western eyes. Number one is rain.1 After "rowdy fans" and "pushing and shoving" is "dog meat." Not only will dog meat not appear on restaurant menus, but regular patrons will also be actively discouraged from ordering any canine-related cuisine during the Games.Of the CBC list, the dog meat entry has prompted the greatest deluge of website feedback. A brief sampling: "Say what you will about culture, I still don't like the idea of dogs for food. At least in North America, our animals are killed somewhat humanely…"; "It is ridiculous for us to judge the Chinese harshly for eating dogs as food when we slaughter thousands of animals every year to fill our bellies in North America"; "People rarely eat dog here. It is actually a Korean thing"; "As for dog. a little gamey but delicious! Don't knock it 'til you've tried it!" and finally, "Ace work fact-checking, CBC - that [accompanying] photo of [the] 'dog meat' [protest] was taken in Korea." There are many important queries to pose about the CBC story, featured picture, and resultant commentary. We might immediately raise questions related to nationalism, colonialism, xenophobia, food politics, racism, technology, spectatorship, and animal welfare, among others. Perhaps the more challenging exercise is to consider how these discourses might intersect in complex and layered ways. Even that is not enough, though, as the discourses we use to analyze phenomena are rife with their own suppositions. For example, how does one become a food animal? In which ways do dominant discourses of nationalism preclude the possibility of animal nations? How does "animal welfare" assume the property status of animals and an orientation toward "humane" care rather than industry abolition? In the Academy and society more broadly, we are learning to ask better questions, to question the discourses themselves, and to call out the unmarked categories as the tenuous and contradictory constructions they are. Chief among these pursuits for Animal Studies scholars are efforts to de-center the human subject (e.g., Baker, 1993), that is, to both reveal the human subject as a historically and culturally-mediated construction, and to simultaneously reposition animals as subjects. For many, such a shift is paired with the desire to realize what Sallie McFague (1997) describes as "subject-subjects relations." In her article, "Becoming (more-than) human, Nicole Bonner addresses this notion as part of her inquiry into the the colonial and gendered roots of the concept of "human," suggesting that a continual interrogation of how we understand that category opens up a more ethical position from which to act. In relation, a great deal is missed (and many negative consequences reaped) when our analyses fail to acknowledge animals beyond their metaphorical uses, or when we treat them simply as blank canvasses to splash own desires and fears against These are not minor topics. As Jody Emel and Jennifer Wolch (1998) contend, "As the frontier between civility and barbarity, culture and nature increasingly drifts, animal bodies flank the moving line. It is upon animal bodies that the struggles for naming what is human, what lies within the grasp of human agency, what is possible are taking place" (p. 19). Consider, for example, Akira Mizuta Lippit's contention (this issue) that Western human subjectivity is, as of the late 1950s, haunted subjectivity. That is, the human subject is haunted by animals and all excluded Others. The self-assuring phrase, "It's only an animal," does not hold. Animals return our gaze; they assert their presence and their subjectivity. Following Donna Haraway (1991, 2003), an appreciation of specificity and partial perspective is crucial. As more critical understandings of dominant Western human subjectivity are generated, there must be a simultaneous acknowledgement of the multiplicity of subjectivities and cultures, both human and nonhuman, which are reproduced and negotiated in particular places, at particular times. For example, Gavan Watson shows this in his attention to the interlaced multiple meanings of "the Barn Owl", specifically as related to a controversial photo that appeared in an Ontario birding community one fated winter. Adjacently, Rachel Forbes, in her investigation of the possible place of animals within Aboriginal legal systems, contrasts such renderings against those of traditional Western jurisprudence. Without such engaged orientation, we are prone to regard Others as abstractions, comfortable in the false sense of security that these categories can afford; we potentially elide meaningful differences and remain starkly ignorant of past and present lived experiences, while leaving ourselves largely unmoved and unchanged. This issue of Undercurrents is an invitation. Like the featured photography of Jo-Anne McArthur, which draws us deeper into its subjects, these pieces offer entry points into future discussions. In these offerings, UnderCurrents invites readers to open more spaces where "the question of the animal", and its various human and nonhuman interlocutors, may flourish.

The programme for a revitalization of Africa through the New Partnership for Africa?s Development (NEPAD) project is determined by the need of the African continent to overcome its historic heritage and a rather unfavourable current situation, and to become part of the globalisation processes that had spread throughout the world in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. After a brief clarification of the terminology included in the very title of the above project, the author identifies and analyses the important characteristics of the current situation in the continent, which has been and still is conditioned by the marginalisation and isolation of the continent from the main streams and processes that had been expanding throughout the world over the past decades. Assessing that the underdevelopment and poverty are the essence of the problem, the subliming factor of all other negative trends and the main cause of the continent?s marginalisation in the world?s economic, political and civilizational developments, the main point of the analysis is actually focused on finding the causes of this situation. In that context, the legitimacy of colonialism, the consequences of the globalisation process in the African continent, the link between domestic and external factors in the cause-and-effect connection with the negative development of the continent are being analysed. The analysis of the important factors of the present and the future of the continent includes and identifies the historic and current advantages of the continent, which are also the realistic foundation on which the revitalization project rests on, such as natural and human resources and the richness of Africa?s culture, which has largely contributed to the diversity of the global cultures. In the section on the contents and objectives of the programme for a revitalization of Africa, the author points out several essential characteristics, underlining that the programme is a part of the African leaders themselves, that it is the authentic product of their awareness that without their own responsibility for the fate of Africa?s peoples the problems that those countries are faced with will not be overcome. Since the purpose of the programme for a revitalization is to include the continent in the globalisation processes its implementation depends directly on the support and assistance of the international community and the international agencies and organizations particularly of the African Development Bank, the World Bank and the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. Namely, the global partnership for Africa?s development is directly correlated with the preservation of the global stability. A continuation of Africa?s marginalisation in the globalisation process would be a serious threat to both the world stability and the globalisation process itself, which would be incomplete without the inclusion of all of the world countries. With an identification and analysis of the main priorities of the Programme and of the mechanisms and responsibilities for its implementation, the author concludes that NEPAD?s implementation will be successful only if it becomes the property and a true concern not only of the leaders but also of all African peoples united in their diversity. The author analyses the historic and current external and internal factors that had caused the present situation in the continent, and identifies the potential natural, human and other resources. The programme for a revitalization also encourages the raising of self-consciousness of the segments of society at large about the realistic potentials of the African peoples, thus gaining also a mobilizing character. The author believes that the drawing up of the Plan of Action and its inclusion in the Programme is a rather positive side of the programme for a revitalization assessing it as a strategic mechanism for obtaining sustainable development in the 21st century. The Plan of Action identifies establishment of peace and stability, democratisation of the systems in African countries and formation of uncorrupted and competent governments, that would work in the interest of the people and not in the interest of certain groupings or individuals, as important conditions for the implementation of the strategy. The author also points out the basic sector priorities that the Plan of Action stipulates: overcoming infrastructural differences between certain sectors, investing in information and communication technologies development of electric power supply industries, transport and water supply. The development of human resources implies a poverty reduction, advancement of education system, upgrading of intellectual elite, development of health systems, agriculture, culture, science and technology. In the section on "Controversies, challenges and problems in the process of programme realization," the author tries to consider the Programme? vision, contents and objectives within the milieu of Africa?s present reality and the main development tendencies in the international scene, which would to a large degree determine the frameworks, scope and results of the Programme?s attainment in practice. In view of the diversity of cultures and traditions beliefs and religions, different historic heritage, and with this different external influences, disproportionate degree of economic and overall social development, conflicts within and among certain states, the tradition of unconstitutional rulers and rules, corruption and a series of other factor the author concludes that the project, basically substantial and progressive, will be faced with a number of challenges, dilemmas and difficulties, which would make its implementation uncertain, inconsistent and time-consuming.

Queremos visibilizar la existencia en la producción histórica y antropológica de los pueblos originarios de la Patagonia argentina de una serie de rótulos –verdaderas fronteras epistemológicas- utilizados para describir rituales que reflejaban el lugar de las mujeres en la sociedad, tanto en las actividades reproductivas y productivas (en especial el tejido) y en las relaciones parentales, que dificultan la comprensión de los procesos que intentan explicar. En este sentido, consideramos que prácticas culturales como: suttee (inmolación de una mujer por la muerte de su esposo), "casa bonita" (para denominar una ceremonia de menarquía) e identificación del "derecho materno" (organización social mapuche antes de la conquista hispánica, que se asocia a determinados rituales), son demasiado complejas para usarlas como categorías con capacidad explicativa para dar cuenta de las relaciones de sexo/género entre los pueblos originarios mapuche, rankülches y tehuelche. Para desarticular esta lectura de la historia llegamos al feminismo poscolonial, que se ha centrado en la deconstrucción del saber ilustrado colonial y de la carga del feminismo "blanco", de origen anglosajón. Pero esta opción no es una caja cerrada, no es un marco que define taxativamente que incluye y que excluye, por el contrario, creemos que tenemos que pensar desde qué presupuestos teóricos y prácticas de investigación se llega a este lugar. El feminismo poscolonial se originó como respuesta a las imposiciones de la episteme colonizadora, desde ugares del mundo que fueron colonizados. Esta deconstrucción también es un amplio camino, es una forma de desandar y de cruzar de múltiples maneras las fronteras que dejó el colonialismo con todas sus opresiones (de clase, raza, etnia, sexo y género) a las que intentaremos pensarla analizando sus genealogías teóricas. Nos interesa especialmente profundizar en los aportes teóricos de Judith Butler a la teoría poscolonial, en especial sobre su teoría de la reificación de la universalidad del patriarcado. Esta autora y muchas pensadoras poscoloniales cuestionan muy firmemente el uso del concepto "patriarcado" tal como lo venía haciendo el feminismo, consideran que la transculturalidad del patriarcado es una estrategia epistemológica colonizadora y que podemos pensar en la existencia de sociedades no patriarcales, e incluso sin género. Por último, también queremos tener en cuenta la metáfora de "sujetos nómades" acuñada por Rosi Braidotti, porque consideramos que esta ficción política nos permite poner en cuestión una nueva visión de la subjetividad femenina. Esta subjetividad femenina se vincula de otra manera –diferente a la de Butler- con el feminismo de la diferencia sexual, poco reconocido por el poscolonial. ; We want to make visible the existence in historical and anthropological production of indigenous peoples of Patagonia Argentina-true of a number of labels used to describe epistemologicalborders rituals that reflect the place of women in society, both reproductive and productive activities (especially weaving) and parental relationships, that hinder the understanding of the processes that try to explain. In this regard, we believe that cultural practices such as suttee (immolation of a woman on the death of her husband), "nice house" (to name a ceremony of menarche) and identification of the "mother right" (Mapuche social organization before Spanish conquest, which is associated with certain rituals), are too complex to use as categories with explanatory power to account for the sex / gender between indigenous Mapuche and Tehuelche peoples, rankülches. To dismantle this reading of history arrived at the post-colonial feminism, which has focused on the deconstruction of knowledge illustrated colonial and load "white" feminism, of Anglo-Saxon origin. But this option is not a closed box, there is a framework which defines specifically that includes and excludes, however, believe that we must think from what theoretical and practical research budgets you get to this place. The postcolonial feminism originated in response to the impositions of colonial episteme, from around the world who were colonized. This deconstruction is also a long way, it is a way to retrace and crossing multiple ways the borders left by colonialism with all its oppression (class, race, ethnicity, sex and gender) to which try to think of it analyzing their theoretical genealogies . We especially deepen the theoretical contributions of Judith Butler to postcolonial theory, especially on his theory of reification of the universality of patriarchy. This author and many postcolonial thinkers question very strongly the use of the term "patriarchy" as it had been doing feminism, believe that patriarchy is a transcultural colonizing epistemological strategy and we can think of the existence of non-patriarchal societies, and even without gender. Finally, we also want to consider the metaphor of "nomadic subject" coined by Rosi Braidotti, because we believe that this political fiction allows us to question a new vision of female subjectivity. This feminine subjectivity is linked to another-different to that of Butler with feminism of sexual difference so little recognized by the postcolonial. ; Fil: Hernandez, Graciela Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur; Argentina

Die Außen- und Handelsbeziehungen Brasiliens zu Subsahara-Afrika (SSA) gehen bis auf den portugiesischen Sklavenhandel zurück. Von den 9,5 Millionen Menschen, die zwischen dem 16. und 19. Jahrhundert in Afrika gefangen genommen und in die Neue Welt gebracht wurden, landeten fast 4 Millionen in Rio de Janeiro, d.h. zehnmal mehr als alle Sklaven, die in die Vereinigten Staaten geschickt wurden. Noch heute sehen sich etwa 51 % der Bevölkerung Brasiliens als schwarz oder gemischt. Rassenungleichheit ist in vielerlei Hinsicht nach wie vor tief verwurzelt, insbesondere in Bezug auf die anhaltende Ungleichheit. Dennoch wurden Unterdrückung und Marginalisierung schwarzer Brasilianer in den modernen brasilianisch-afrikanischen Beziehungen weitgehend ausgeblendet. Stattdessen durchdrang ein ausgeprägter Nationalismus das politische Leben Brasiliens. Es bestimmte auch seine Außen- und Handelsbeziehungen und definierte, wie die Brasilianer die Chancen afrikanischer Unabhängigkeitsbewegungen nutzten. Erst Brasiliens Präsident Lula da Silva bekannte sich während seiner ersten Amtszeit als Präsident von 2003 bis 2011 zu den gemeinsamen historischen Wurzeln. Tatsächlich verdankte er seine Wahl der überwältigenden Unterstützung der Afrobrasilianer. Die Handelsbeziehungen in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts beschränkten sich weitgehend auf Südafrika, auf das 90 % des afrikanischen Handels Brasiliens entfielen. Brasilias Außen- und Handelspolitik konzentrierte sich in den 1960er und 1970er Jahren auf Nigeria, einen wichtigen Öllieferanten, sowie die fünf ehemaligen portugiesischen afrikanischen Kolonien (PALOP) und das 1996 gegründete Lusophone Commonwealth (CPLP). Der Handel mit Westafrika blieb, mit Ausnahme von Nigeria (34 % des afrikanischen Handels Brasiliens), recht bescheiden. Dennoch spielten Ghana und Senegal in den frühen Stadien der afrikanischen Unabhängigkeit eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Gestaltung der brasilianisch-afrikanischen Beziehungen. Da Brasilien mittlerweile über beträchtliche eigene Energie- und Rohstoffressourcen verfügt, ist sein Ansatz im afrikanischen Handel weniger rohstoffgetrieben als der chinesischer oder europäischer Investoren, sondern orientiert sich an Ressourcendiversifizierung, nachhaltiger Entwicklung und Kooperation zur Erschließung dieser Ressourcen, z.B. Bioethanolanlagen in Ghana. Daher sehen afrikanische Regierungen ihre Beziehungen zu Brasilien eher auf gegenseitiger Partnerschaft gegründet. Korrupte politische afrikanische Eliten selbst drängten jedoch die brasilianische Regierung und Unternehmen oft zu informellen politischen und geschäftlichen Praktiken, mit umstrittenen und korrupten Investitionen in Rohstoffgewinnung, Infrastruktur und Landraub. Abgesehen davon versuchte Brasilien, eine Nische für brasilianische Managementdienstleistungen, Wissens- und Technologietransfer zu schaffen, der angeblich hervorragend für tropische Märkte geeignet war.

Rezension von: Holger Gast / Antonia Leugers / August H. Leugers-Scherzberg, Optimierung historischer Forschung durch Datenbanken, Die exemplarische Datenbank "Missionsschulen 1887-1940", Bad Heilbrunn: Klinkhardt 2010, 231 S.; ISBN 978-3-7815-1720-2

'When dealing with the question of Algerian 'elites' - a term which, by the way, is never used locally - a basic contradiction will become apparent. 'National' they were indeed, those new social categories (doctors, engineers, teachers, lawyers, and so on) that the Colonial presence created, either directly or indirectly, among the French or the Arab population. But they became 'nationalistic', meaning that they sought to break completely with the Colonial power, only much later, when the guerilla warfare began in 1954. Focusing on the period between 1920 and 1954, and using archives and interviews, I will try to show today the essential role played by education, particularly by the 'Colonial system of education'. That system was a 'structuring machine' which irresistibly and lastingly contributed to reshaping society from top to bottom as well as the relationship between the two languages. And though the 1954 Revolution denied it, that structure is still alive and functioning today.' (author's abstract)|

Koval I. M. FRANCIS BACON – AN EXCELLENT INNOVATOR AND PROPAGANDER OF SCIENCEThe article attempts to consider the philosophical-theoretical activity of F. Bacon aimed at revealing the roleand place of science and scientific knowledge in mastery of law by human and nature as an important factor of socialprogress.It has been established that F. Bacon was one of the first thinkers to understand the nature of the new era and theimportance of experimental scientific research for the socio-economic, political, legal, moral and cultural developmentof society. He has creatively articulated the idea of science as a force capable of equipping a man with knowledge and asan important factor in his self-improvement.The article focuses on F. Bacon's desire to actively pursue experimental research as a necessary condition forbroadening and deepening knowledge of the environment, Identification of the laws and patterns of development andfunctioning of natural phenomena, without which it is impossible for human to gain power over nature. The thinkerwas convinced that the mastery of nature and the exploitation of human beings could only be achieved through thecreation of new technologies and the constant improvement of scientific and technological inventions. The philosopherpoints out the need for a close creative link between science and technology.The paper argues that F. Bacon considered the development of a new method and methodology to be importantfor new scientific research. The philosopher declares the experimental exploration of nature as the basis for thedevelopment of scientific knowledge, and the logic behind this development should be the inductive generalization ofThe article noted that F. Bacon was an active supporter of British colonialism, and in science he had a special role toplay in his ambitions to make Britain a strong world state.The thinker was convinced that science could ensure not only economic development, but also the defensive capacityof the State, in which military science and the art of war play an important role, the expansion of trade relations withother countries, and the expansion of its territory and territory through the acquisition of new colonies.The article states that F. Bacon emphasized the close dialectic relationship between theory and practice. Anypractice, he said, could be successful if it was based on a scientifically based theory.It was found that the significant role of F. Bacon focused on experience and experimentation, focusing on carefulselection of facts. Thus, F. Bacon saw in science the great strength and social value of progressive development ofsociety.As a result of scientific research, the author of the article considers the analysis of the creativity of F. Bacon inscientific research and its evaluation. The philosophical-theoretical ideas of F. Bacon attracted the weight of WesternEuropean scientists B. Bykhovsky, T. Kotarbinsky, M. Melvil, B. Russell, L. Feyerbach, L. Feikhtanwerg, F. Fischerand others. Some aspects of the creative heritage of the English thinker were analyzed in their works by representativesof Soviet and Russian science G. Alexandrov, V. Asmus, A. Deborin, F. Kogan-Bernstein, O. Litvinova, A. Lunacharsky,Y. Mikhalenko, I. Narsky, V. Sokolov, A. Subbotin and others.Unfortunately, among the domestic researchers of scientific F. Bacon has not yet been given sufficient attention.the results of the study. ; У статті здійснено спробу розглянути філософсько-теоретичну діяльність Ф. Бекона, спрямовану на розкриттяролі і місця науки і наукових знань в опануванні людиною і законом природи як важливого чинника соціальногопрогресу.Установлено, що Ф. Бекон був одним із перших мислителів, хто усвідомив характер нової епохи і значення екс-периментальних наукових досліджень для соціально-економічного, політичного, правового, морально-етичногота культурного розвитку суспільства.Він творчо сформулював ідею щодо науки як сили, яка здатна озброїти людину знаннями, і як важливого чин-ника її самовдосконалення. У статті акцентується увага на прагненні Ф. Бекона до активного проведення експери-ментальних досліджень як необхідної умови розширення і поглиблення знань про навколишній світ, виявленнязаконів і закономірностей розвитку і функціонування природних явищ, без чого не можна заволодіти людиноювладою над природою. Мислитель був упевнений у тому, що опанувати природу і поставити її собі на службу люди-на може тільки за умови створення нової техніки, постійно вдосконалюючи науково-технічні винаходи. Філософнаголошує на необхідності тісного творчого зв'язку науки й техніки.У статті обґрунтовується, що важливим аспектом нових наукових досліджень Ф. Бекон уважав розробленнянового методу і методології дослідження. Основою розвитку наукових знань філософ оголошує експерименталь-не дослідження природи, а логікою, що забезпечує цей розвиток, має бути індуктивне узагальнення результатівдослідження.У статті наголошується, що Ф. Бекон був активним прихильником політики й ідеології британського коло-ніалізму. У науці він відводив особливу роль, мріючи тим самим перетворити Велику Британію в сильну світовудержаву.Мислитель був упевнений у тому, що наука здатна забезпечити не тільки економічний розвиток, а й обороноз-датність держави, в якій важливу роль відіграє військова наука і військове мистецтво, розширення торговельнихзв'язків з іншими країнами, а також розширення своєї території за рахунок придбання нових колоній.У статті вказується, що Ф. Бекон акцентував увагу на тісному діалектичному взаємозв'язку теорії і практики.Будь-яка практика, як заявляв він, може бути успішною, якщо вона спирається на науково обґрунтовану теорію.Установлено, що значну роль Ф. Бекон відводив досвіду й експерименту, зосереджуючи увагу на ґрунтовномувідборі фактів. Таким чином, Ф. Бекон у науці бачив велику силу і соціальну цінність прогресивного розвиткусуспільства.У результаті наукового дослідження автором статті розглядається аналіз творчості Ф. Бекона в науковихрозвідках та його оцінка. Філософські теоретичні ідеї Ф. Бекона привертали увагу західноєвропейських ученихБ. Биховського, Т. Котарбинського, М. Мелвиля, Б. Рассела, Л. Фейєрбаха,, Л. Фейхтанверга, Ф. Фішера та ін.Деякі аспекти творчої спадщини англійського мислителя аналізували у своїх працях представники радянської таросійської науки Г. Александров, В. Асмус, А. Деборин, Ф. Коган-Бернштейн, О. Литвинова, А. Луначарський,Ю. Михаленко, І. Нарський, В. Соколов, А. Субботін та ін.На жаль, серед вітчизняних дослідників Ф. Бекону дотепер не приділено достатньо уваги.