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THE UNITED STATES MAY EXERCISE JURISDICTION OVER PERSONSON A "STATELESS" VESSEL WITHOUT SHOWING A NEXUS BETWEEN THE VESSEL AND THE UNITED STATES--United States v. Pinto-Mejia, 720 F.2d 248 (2d Cir. 1983). ============================ ALIEN RETAINS RIGHT TO DEPORTATION PROCEEDING AFTER RETURNING FROM AUTHORIZED DEPARTURE NOTWITHSTANDING THAT IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION SERVICE PERMISSION TO DEPART WAS STYLED AS AN "ADVANCE PAROLE"--Joshi v. District Director, Immigration and Naturalization Serv., 720 F.2d 799 (1983). ========================== NO VIOLATION OF INTERNATIONAL LAW WHEN EQUIPMENT LOCATED IN UNITED STATES RECORDS TRANSNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS--United States v. Romano, 706 F.2d 370 (2d Cir. 1983). ========================== UNITED STATES MANUFACTURERS HAVE A CAUSE OF ACTION UNDER SECTION 4 OF THE CLAYTON ACT FOR INJURIES RESULTING FROM A CONSPIRACY OF FOREIGN MANUFACTURERS TO SELL COMPARABLE PRODUCTS AT ARTIFICIALLY HIGH PRICES IN THEIR HOME MARKET AND AT PREDATORY PRICES IN THE UNITED STATES--In Re: Japanese Electronic Products Antitrust Litigation, 723 F.2d 319 (3d Cir. 1983). ========================== ANTITRUST CLAIMS ARISING OUT OF INTERNATIONAL CONTRACTS ARE NOT ARBITRABLE UNDER THE CONVENTION ON THE RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT ON FOREIGN ARBITRAL AWARDS--Mitsubishi Motors Corp. v. Soler Chrysler-Plymouth, Inc., 723 F.2d 155 (1st Cir.1983). =========================== A FOREIGN STATE AS DEBTOR CANNOT ASSERT THE ACT OF STATE DOCTRINE AS A DEFENSE, NOR CAN THE LOAN AGREEMENT BE CONSIDERED AN EXCHANGE CONTRACT WITHIN ARTICLE VIII, SECTION2(B) OF THE BRETTON WOODS AGREEMENT--Libra Bank Ltd. v. Banco Nacional de Costa Rica, 570 F. Supp. 870 (S.D.N.Y. 1983). =========================== CONGRESSIONAL CHALLENGES TO THE UNDECLARED WAR IN NICARA-GUA AND NICARAGUAN CITIZENS' TORT CLAIMS AGAINST THE UNITED[Vol. 17.155 CASE DIGESTSTATES GOVERNMENT ARE NONJUSTICIABLE POLITICAL QUESTIONS--Sanchez-Espinoza v. Reagan, 568 F. Supp. 596 (D.D.C.1983). =========================== THE AGE DISCRIMINATION IN ...

MILITARY ACTIVITIES OF THE PROVISIONAL IRISH REPUBLICAN ARMY FALL WITHIN THE SCOPE OF THE POLITICAL OFFENSE EXCEPTION TO THE TREATY OF EXTRADITION BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND THE UNITED KINGDOM--In the Matter of the Requested Extradition of Joseph Patrick Thomas Doherty, Crim. Misc. No. 83-1(S.D.N.Y. Dec. 12, 1984). THE IMMIGRATION AND NATIONALITY ACT PERMITS THE DEPORTATION OF AN ALIEN WHEN THE IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION SERVICE ESTABLISHES BY CLEAR AND CONVINCING EVIDENCE THAT THE ALIEN, UNDER THE AEGIS OF NAZI GERMANY, PERSONALLY AND ACTIVELY PARTICIPATED IN THE PERSECUTION OF INDIVIDUALS BECAUSE OF THEIR POLITICAL OPINIONS--Laipenieks v. Immigration and Naturalization Service, No. 83-7711, slip op. at 62 (9th Cir. Jan. 9, 1985). AN AIRLINE CANNOT INVOKE THE LIABILITY LIMITATIONS OF THE WARSAW CONVENTION WHEN ITS TICKETS FAIL TO GIVE ADEQUATE WARNING OF THE LIMITATIONS--In re Air Crash Disaster at Warsaw, Poland, on March 14, 1980, 748 F.2d 94 (2d Cir. 1984). UNITED STATES CITIZEN IN FOREIGN PRISON CANNOT COMPEL THE TESTIMONY OF A CONSULAR OFFICIAL--Flynn v. Shultz, 748 F.2d1186 (7th Cir. 1984). FOREIGN COUNTRY EXCEPTION TO FEDERAL TORT CLAIMS ACT IS INAPPLICABLE IN A WRONGFUL DEATH ACTION ARISING IN ANTARCTICA--Beattie v. United States, No. 84-5413 (D.C. Cir. Dec. 31,1984). EXTRATERRITORIAL NATURE OF SALVADORAN RELOCATION ORDER TO SALVADORAN AIRLINE PRECLUDES ACT OF STATE DEFENSE TO CLAIMS ARISING FROM THE ORDER--Airline Pilots Assoc. v. TACA International Airlines, 748 F.2d 965 (5th Cir. 1984). FOREIGN SOVEREIGN IMMUNITIES ACT--CHILEAN NATIONAL AIRLINE NOT SUBJECT TO EXECUTION AGAINST PROPERTY TO SATISFY A DEFAULT JUDGMENT BECAUSE THE TRANSPORTATION OF ASSASSINS DOES NOT OVERCOME THE PRESUMPTION OF SEPARATENESS AND IS NOT COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY--Letelier v. Republic of Chile, 748 F.2d790 (2d Cir. 1984). BASED ON CONSIDERATIONS OF INTERNATIONAL COMITY AND FAIRNESS--UNITED STATES COURTS MAY DISMISS FOR LACK OF SUBJECT MATTER JURISDICTION A CASE ALLEGING ILLEGAL ANTITRUST BEHAVIOR ABROAD, Timberlane Lumber ...

Recent Cases Bills and Notes--Fictitious Payee Known only to Fraudulent Employee of Drawer--Negotiable Instruments Law v. Fictitious Payee Act Constitutional Law--Amendment and Revision--Power to Call Constitutional Convention Limited to Consideration of Specific Topics Constitutional Law--Interstate Commerce--Dental of License to Ship Milk Held Invalid Constitutional Law--Separation of Powers--Legislative Control over Admission to the Bar Contracts--Recited Cash Consideration--Effect of Non-payment Contracts--Statute of Frauds--Letterhead as a Signature Criminal Procedure--Communication between Judge and Jury--Effect of Inquiry as to Pronounced Majority Criminal Procedure--Constitutional Right to Public Trial--Power of Court to Order Courtroom Cleared of Spectators Estates--Disability of Life Tenant to Purchase Tax Title to Exclusion of Remainderman--Effect of Deed Given by Former Life Tenant as Imposing Disability Evidence--Bastardy Proceedings--Admissibility of Testimony of Spouses as to Nonaccess Fixtures--Determinable Fee for School Purposes--Ownership of School Buildings When Land Reverts Income Tax--Family Partnerships--Requirements for Validity Insurance--Death by "Accidental Means"--Aggressor in Family Fight Accidentally Killed by Wife Judgments--Changes in Judges During Term of Court--Power of Successor over Judgment Rendered by Predecessor Negligence--Violation of Statute by Minor--Conflict of Doctrine of Negligence per se and Doctrine Requiring Lower Standard of Care for Minors Pleading--Injuries to Person and Property from Same Accident--Separation of Causes of Action Torts--Automobile Guest Statutes--Demand to be Released from Car as Termination of Guest Status Torts--Damage from Blasting Caused by Concussion--Imposition of Absolute Liability Torts--Mental Injury due to Negligence--Requirement of Physical Injury Trade Regulation--Clayton Anti-trust Act--Test of Legality of "Requirements" Contracts Venu--Federal Employees' Liability Act--Contract Restricting Venue to Particular State Held Invalid

Relationship of international law and municipal law — Treaties — International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 1966 — Constitution of Estonia — National law provisions — Whether international treaty having direct application — General Comment of UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights — Point 5 of General Comment No 3 of UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural RightsTreaties — Application — Interpretation — International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 1966 — Whether international treaties directly applicable — Obligations of States parties — Obligation to foresee legal remediesHuman rights — Treaties — International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 1966 — Whether directly applicable — General Comment of UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights — Point 5 of General Comment No 3 of the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights — The law of Estonia

Relationship of international law and municipal law — Treaties — American Convention on Human Rights, 1969, Article 63(1) — Remedial jurisdiction of Inter-American Court of Human Rights — Whether Inter-American Court of Human Rights exceeding its limits — Whether Inter-American Court of Human Rights having power to annul ruling of domestic court — Res judicata — Argentinian Constitution — Fundamental principles of Argentinian law — Whether prevailing over treaty obligations — Extent to which judgments of Inter-American Court of Human Rights binding on StateInternational tribunals — Jurisdiction — Inter-American Court of Human Rights — Remedial jurisdiction — American Convention on Human Rights, 1969, Article 63(1) — Whether Inter-American Court of Human Rights having power to annul ruling of domestic court — Whether exceeding limits of jurisdiction — Whether Convention authorizing Court to order reversal of domestic judgment — Whether domestic court obliged to comply with ruling of Inter-American Court of Human RightsTreaties — American Convention on Human Rights, 1969 — Whether Convention authorizing Inter-American Court of Human Rights to order reversal of domestic judgment — Obligations of State under Convention — Whether domestic court obliged to comply with ruling of Inter-American Court of Human RightsHuman rights — Right to privacy — Right to freedom of speech — Inter-American Court of Human Rights finding infringement of freedom of speech — Inter-American Court of Human Rights ordering annulment of ruling of domestic court — American Convention on Human Rights, 1969, Article 63(1) — Remedial jurisdiction of Inter-American Court of Human Rights — Whether limits of jurisdiction exceeded — Whether Inter-American Court of Human Rights having power to annul ruling of domestic court — Whether domestic court obliged to comply with ruling of Inter-American Court of Human Rights — The law of Argentina

International Court of Justice — Provisional measures of protection — Consular relations — Death penalty — Prima facie jurisdiction — Prima facie existence of a dispute — Prima facie jurisdiction ratione materiae — Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, 1963 ("Vienna Convention") — Optional Protocol to Vienna Convention concerning Compulsory Settlement of Disputes, 1963 — Whether Agreement on Consular Access of 21 May 2008 excluding application of Vienna Convention — Plausibility — Article 36(1) of Vienna Convention — Right to consular access — Right to be informed of one's consular rights — Irreparable prejudice — Urgency — Whether existence of appeals procedure against death sentence removing real and imminent risk of irreparable prejudice — Link between provisional measures requested and rights sought to be protectedConsular relations — Right of access to consul for person arrested — Indian national sentenced to death by court in Pakistan — Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, 1963 — Article 36(1) — Failure of arresting authorities to provide consular access — Whether Article 36(1) of Vienna Convention applying to persons suspected of espionage or terrorismTreaties — Interpretation — Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, 1963 — Article 36(1) — Whether Article 36(1) of Vienna Convention applying to persons suspected of espionage or terrorismTerrorism — Consular relations — Right to consular access — Treaties — Interpretation — Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, 1963 — Article 36(1) — Whether Article 36(1) of Vienna Convention applying to persons suspected of espionage or terrorism