Suchergebnisse

Instruments for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA) are one of the most important instruments fo EU development and regional policy avaliable to the candidate countries for EU accession. Enlargement of EU can cause, what already can be seen, considerable problems. Especially when the level of economic development is lower in some new member states and candidate countries than in " old " EU member states. Amon these countries are also western Balkan countries which use IPA funds (IPA I and IPA II) to solve problems caused by lack of money on national, regional nad city level as well as for the citizens.

The aim of this paperwork is to explain what the European Commission has done by analyzing experiences in the utilizing IPA I funds. In the paper work we try to explain the new conditions, beside indispensable Stabilisation and Association Agreement, for programming and absorbing IPA funds that should increase impacts of financial and technical support for achievement of reform goals, particulary emphasising EU 2020 Strategy for smart, suinstable and inclusive development.

AbstractThis article focuses on the Lisbon strategy, the latest 'moment' in EU social policy. Following developments up to the end of 2005, it seeks to assess the significance of the poverty/social inclusion open method of co‐ordination in terms of what it indicates about the EU's engagement with social policy. The article proceeds by interrogating a series of arguments for and against significance. It considers in turn different interpretations of: the functions and rationale of the EU policy process on poverty and social inclusion; the application and unfolding of the method of open co‐ordination in this particular policy domain; and the politics underlying it. In elaborating the sui generis aspects of EU social policy especially as associated with Lisbon, the analysis discusses the possibility that social policy is developing its own dynamic at EU level. However, although significant elements can be identified, the relative fragility of poverty and social exclusion within the EU policy portfolio is highlighted. It is there but lacks firm foundation.

The book offers though-provoking insights on the performance and effectiveness of EU cohesion policy in Eastern, Central, and Southern Europe by highlighting the key achievement and identifying the main shortcomings. One of the most important advantages of the book is that it covers many distinct actions of this policy, the authors also, based on wide-ranging analysis, formulate policy recommendations for the future.

AbstractMany developments in the bioeconomy depend on the use of genetically modified microorganisms (GMMs). GMMs are used in bioreactors to convert biomass into food, feed, and energy products. The recent judgment by the Court of Justice of the European Union on gene editing technologies has affected the use of GMMs. A heated debate has started on whether and under what circumstances GMMs should be considered genetically modified organisms. This kind of decision is extremely relevant, as it will have a strong effect on the innovation of sustainable supply chains in the bioeconomy. The question has been raised as to whether the regulatory policies on GMMs can be justified from a sustainability perspective and, in particular, whether they do not endanger the European Green Deal, the flagship policy strategy of the new European Commission under Ursula von der Leyen. This contribution will first provide an overview of GMMs and their importance for the development of the bioeconomy, followed by a theoretical framework for assessing investments in GMMs. The third part of the article includes a discussion of four scenarios for regulating GMMs in the future, derived from the EU legal environment. The potential implications of the scenarios are assessed by linking them with the benefits and costs of investments in GMMs, following a modified version of the model presented in Purnhagen and Wesseler (2019). The results show that reforms based on the current EU legal environment do not look very promising to further support the use of GMMs. This has important implications for reaching the objectives of the Green Deal, as more radical legal changes are needed for the success of the initiative.

This article traces and analyses the role of social science research in the European Union's research and technological development programmes. The divisions of the scientific community along national and disciplinary boundaries have made organizing and mobilizing at the European
level difficult. In recent years, however, the contributions of social science to research and to policy have gained increased recognition, attaining substantial importance and visibility within the EU research and technological development framework programmes. Recognition of the potential
role of the social sciences and humanities in research and policy at the EU level has rapidly gained momentum with increasingly influential results that are evident in the field of science policy.

The purpose of our scholarly work is to explore actual problems of harmonization of legislation of Ukraine in the sphere of environmental policy integration with EU law and development of proposals for the improvement of Ukrainian legislation. The state of environmental policy integration in Ukraine was assessed. Government strategies, programmes, concepts and plans in Ukraine and EU were analyzed. Based on comparison analysis differences and common problems of environmental policy integration in Ukraine and EU member states were determined and recommendations on the measures to be taken to ensure better integration of environmental policies in sectoral policies in Ukraine were made. Keywords: environmental policy integration, sustainable development, strategic environmental assessment

"A long road to substantive levels of industrialization still lies ahead of most African countries. The challenges facing policy-makers, industrialists, industrial development activist and all other actors in these countries are enormous. This raises the question as to, what role the international community should play in the 21st century to provide support intended to expedite Africa's industrial development. This book argues that arrangements should be leveraged to build the productive capacities of the African economies, in order to enable them to take advantage of the market opportunities arising from preferential market access terms within various stripes of regional trade agreements (RTAs) and multilateral liberalization and demonstrates how African-EU co-operation can help build sustainable and competitive productive capacities in Africa"--