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In this study, Connie Ozawa examines the relationship between the management of scientific information and political power in the USA. In cases ranging from local land use disputes to federal regulatory battles, decision-making methods based on generating a consensus among key players have been added to the conventional policy-making process. The a

What are the correlates of environmental performance? In particular, does globalization lead to environmental degradation? What is the role of democracy for environmental performance and do left-wing governments really care more about the environment? Using a novel and comprehensive measure of environmental performance, we test these three hypotheses for a panel of 134 countries for the period 2007–2016. Our results are surprising—we find no evidence that democracies are cleaner, left-wing governments perform better than right-wing governments, but centrist governments clearly have the highest environmental performance, and globalization is good for the environment. The positive impact of globalization, however, is driven by social globalization—economic and political globalization do not play a role.

Chapter 1. Precautionary Reasoning -- Chapter 2. Decision Theory -- Chapter 3. Moral Theory -- Chapter 4. The Precautionary Principle -- Chapter 5. Precautionary Reasoning and the Precautionary Principle -- Chapter 6. Chemical Regulation -- Chapter 7. Genetic Engineering -- Chapter 8. Dual Use Research in the Biomedical Sciences -- Chapter 9. Public Health Emergencies -- Chapter 10. Conclusion.

Recognition of the interconnectedness of the environment & human health stimulated the sanitary reform movement of the nineteenth century, a massive effort to bring clean water, decent housing, & effective waste removal to cities in Europe & the United States. The movement achieved great gains in public health & resulted in substantial enhancement of the quality & length of human life. Paradoxically, in much of the twentieth century, the relation between the environment & human health was forgotten. The result was that little concern was given in environmental law & regulation to protecting public health. In the 1990s, a new recognition of interconnections between environment & health was established, with children's health as the focal point. This article reviews the historical relation between environmental protection & public health. It traces the separation of these two fields & focuses on the role of children's environmental health in the current rejoining of the disciplines. 16 References. [Copyright 2002 Sage Publications, Inc.]

Evaluates the success of the Swedish presidency of the 2001 European Union (EU) Council of Ministers in the area of environmental policy. Though Sweden lacked an overall political vision for its presidency, it was quite clear regarding this policy arena, outlining an ambitious plan for handling climate change & affirming its commitment to the Kyoto Protocol. The Swedish presidency's achievement of a common position on the Sixth Environmental Action Program is discussed, along with the adoption of the EU's Sustainable Development Strategy. The presidency's ability to establish strong relations with other EU institutions & member state governments on other environmental concerns is also documented, & judged highly successful. 9 References. K. Hyatt Stewart

The idea of integration in research has risen rapidly in both environmental science and public environmental policy since the mid-1990s, and has encouraged innovative relationships between scientists and practitioners in a range of contexts. Yet the concept of integration is broad and ambiguous, which inhibits efforts to learn from these innovations. In this paper, I review the different concepts of integration that currently exist in international and Australian science and environmental policy contexts. Drawing on comprehensive examples, I identify 12 thematic categories of integration. The themes encompass integration within science, as well as integration between scientific and non-scientific partners. They also include integration focused on activities, and on the organisational or institutional structures that govern research activity. These groupings reflect significant differences in the ways science-policy relationships are understood, and the main problems integration is intended to overcome. They serve as a foundation for a framework that researchers, policy-makers and other partners can use to compare and learn from different integrative research approaches. This is a first step towards building a comprehensive understanding of how integration can contribute to better environmental outcomes.

The idea of integration in research has risen rapidly in both environmental science and public environmental policy since the mid-1990s, and has encouraged innovative relationships between scientists and practitioners in a range of contexts. Yet the concept of integration is broad and ambiguous, which inhibits efforts to learn from these innovations. In this paper, I review the different concepts of integration that currently exist in international and Australian science and environmental policy contexts. Drawing on comprehensive examples, I identify 12 thematic categories of integration. The themes encompass integration within science, as well as integration between scientific and non-scientific partners. They also include integration focused on activities, and on the organisational or institutional structures that govern research activity. These groupings reflect significant differences in the ways science-policy relationships are understood, and the main problems integration is intended to overcome. They serve as a foundation for a framework that researchers, policy-makers and other partners can use to compare and learn from different integrative research approaches. This is a first step towards building a comprehensive understanding of how integration can contribute to better environmental outcomes.