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Recent investigations indicate that personality traits are unevenly distributed geographically, with some traits being more prevalent in certain places than in others. The geographical distributions of personality traits are associated with a range of important political, economic, social, and health outcomes. The majority of research on this subject has focused on the geographical distributions and macro-level correlates of personality across nations or regions of the United States. The aim of the present investigation was to replicate and extend that past work by examining regional personality differences in Great Britain. Using a sample of nearly 400,000 British residents, we mapped the geographical distributions of the Big Five Personality traits across 380 Local Authority Districts and examined the associations with important political, economic, social, and health outcomes. The results revealed distinct geographical clusters, with neighboring regions displaying similar personality characteristics, and robust associations with the macro-level outcome variables. Overall, the patterns of results were similar to findings from past research. ; This is the final published version. It first appeared at http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0122245#ack.

Few observers of relationship dynamics would dispute the claim of interdependence theorists that a defining feature of close relationships is the extent to which partners influence each other's thoughts, feelings, or behaviors. However, partners do not behave simply in response to each other's behavior; both partners in a given relationship bring themselves - indeed, their selves - into the relationship as well. Not only are individuals' selves enormously complex and rich in content, but so too are the multitude of personality characteristics, including traits, values, attitudes, motives, and emotions, that contribute to selves' richness. Gaines, Jr provides a major integration of research on personality with research on relationship science, and demonstrates how personality constructs can be readily incorporated into the two most influential theories of close relationships: attachment theory and interdependence theory. This study will be of value to scholars in the fields of close relationships, personality psychology, communication studies, and family studies

In this article, we propose an individual-level explanation for variation in personalized representation, and ask which personality fits personalized representation. Building on political psychology literature, we derive hypotheses about how fundamental personality traits such as extraversion and agreeableness correlate with politicians' preferences for personalized representation. We investigate these expectations using new survey data collected simultaneously among Danish and British MPs, including comprehensive personality measures. We show that personalized representation is particularly pronounced among MPs with higher levels of extraversion, openness to experience and lower levels of agreeableness. Furthermore, and in line with our theoretical expectations, we show that the correlations between personality traits and preferences for personalization vary across countries. Our findings suggest that personalized representation has an underlying personal dimension; consequently, politicians with certain personality traits may have an electoral advantage, particularly where politics become increasingly personalized.

Research indicates that personality traits are unevenly distributed geographically, with some traits being more prevalent in certainplaces than in others. The majority of research in this field has focused on cross-national comparisons, while less attention has beengiven to variations in personality traits within countries (Rentfrow, Jokela & Lamb, 2015). More recently, regional personalitydifferences have been mapped in both United States and Great Britain (Rentfrow, Gosling, Jokela, Stillwell, Kosinki & Potter,2013; Rentfrow, Kokela & Lamb, 2015). The aim of the present study is to map regional personality differences in Sweden. Usinga representative sample of Swedish residents (N = 6154), we mapped the geographical distribution of the Big Five Personality traitsacross eight national areas (e.g. Stockholm, East Middle Sweden, South Småland and the Islands, South Sweden, West Sweden,North Middle Sweden, Middle Norrland and Upper Norrland). The result revealed statistically significant associations on nationalareas and the degree of agreeableness [F (7, 6154) = 4.63, p < .01, partial ƞ² =.005]. Employing the Bonferroni post-hoc test,significant differences (p < .01) were found between South Sweden (M = 2.74) and the Upper Norrland (M = 2.93), and betweenSouth Sweden and North Middle Sweden (M = 2.88). Descriptive statistics illustrate a stepwise change toward higher degree ofagreeableness, from the South of Sweden to the North of Sweden (Figure 1). The result revealed statistically significant associationson national areas and the degree of conscientiousness (F (7, 6164) = 2,51, p < .05, partial ƞ² =.003). Employing the Bonferronipost-hoc test, significant (p < .05) differences were found only between Stockholm (M = 2.94) and the Upper Norrland (M = 3.06).Insights about regional personality differences within a nation are useful, because such differences are associated with political,economic, social and health outcomes and thereby linked to a regions history, culture and ability to change.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: An Overview -- 1 The Psychoanalyst and the Biographer -- 2 Some Uses of Dynamic Psychology in Political Biography: Case Materials on Woodrow Wilson -- 3 Writing Psychobiography: Some Theoretical and Methodological Issues -- 4 Woodrow Wilson and Colonel House: A Reply to Weinstein, Anderson, and Link -- Source materials for Woodrow Wilson and Colonel House -- Woodrow Wilson's Personality -- Woodrow Wilson's Medical Problems -- Letter of Medical Opinion from Michael F. Marmor, M.D -- Postscript from Political Science Quarterly -- 5 Assessing Presidential Character -- 6 Presidential Management Styles and Models -- Franklin D. Roosevelt -- Harry S. Truman -- Dwight D. Eisenhower -- John F. Kennedy -- Richard M. Nixon -- Jimmy Carter -- Ronald Reagan -- George Bush -- Bill Clinton -- Index.

Humans are complex social beings. To understand human behaviour, an integrated perspective is required - one which considers both what we regularly do (our personality traits) and what motivates us (our values). Personality, Values, Culture uses an evolutionary perspective to look at the similarities and differences in personality and values across modern societies. Integrating research on personality and human values into a functional framework that highlights their underlying compatibilities (driven by shared genetic and brain mechanisms), Fischer describes how personality is shaped by the complex interplay between genes and the environment, both over the course of human evolution and within the lifespan of individuals. He proposes a gene-culture coevolution model of personality and values to explain how and why people differ around the world and how genes, economics, social conditions, and climate jointly shape personality

The current paper was aimed at prediction of follow-up of personality types A and B based on Neo personality traits. Participants in the present article included 100 people referring to diet centers in Tankabon who were selected by simple random sampling method. Neo personality characteristics questionnaire and McCrae and Costa questionnaire (1985) and the Personality types A and B questionnaire by Burn Reuter were used. Findings revealed that there was a significant relationship between personality types A and B Scores and Neo personality characteristics components at the 0/05 level and the latter, i.e. Neo personality characteristics components would predict 65/8% of the personality types A and B variations. Also, results of variance analysis indicate significance of this prediction and from among the Neo personality characteristics components; the component of conscientiousness contributed most to prediction of personality types A and B.

This study aims at investigating the relationship between predicting personality types through physiognomy on theone hand and through using personality scale on the other. 474 volunteers participated. 3 scales were used to collectdata: physiognomy judgments, Abulaban physiognomy scale and Herman brain dominance scale. The resultsindicated that there were high positive correlations between the three scales. The study recommends usingphysiognomy as a method to determine personality type as it is easy, valid, and provides fast results.

We surveyed 50 people between the ages of 18 and 25, most of respondents are college students. We used the following assessment tools: SMOL (abbreviated adaptation of MMPI), Heim's test for coping strategies, Mendelevich's methodic, Michigan Alcohol Test (MAST), Urgent Dependence Questionnaire in Shibko's adaptation. Respondents show some signs of predisposition, or even a clear presence of addictive behavior. Choosing a way to escape from reality was a cultural phenomenon, that is, the choice of an addictive agent is more dictated by advertising, public opinion, and art products. This data confirms the close direct relationship between alcohol dependence (according to MAST) and psychopathy — a correlation coefficient of 0.27. According to the regression analysis, the data of this scale strongly depend on the indicators of the hysteria scale (P-value = 0.01). This indicates that expressing alcohol and the consequences of such abuse can make a person protesting, uncomfortable, and seeking to exaggerate their problems and attract attention. The results of the study confirmed the literature data about self-centered, depressive, and anxious fetures of addictive personality. We can assume that the higher the emotional lability, anxiety and depressive personality, the greater the likelihood of addiction to computer games. It is worth noting that this dependency is different from the other vivid virtual world, which gives the person the opportunity to hide in him from the troubles. For people with adaptation disorders and computer addiction, clinical manifestations of anxiety and depression, severe depressive and anxiety episodes are common; high levels of situational and personal anxiety, excessive nervous and mental stress. That is, we can conclude that both computer addiction and gaming addiction are strongly linked to anxiety and depression. We assume that these dependencies are very closely related and that it is difficult to draw a clear boundary. In addition to health problems, psychoactive substance use, and addiction to procedural addiction, it causes significant social and economic damage to individuals and society as a whole.

Personality traits, gender wage gap, private retirement provision. - Persönlichkeitsmerkmale, Lohnlücke, Rentenvorsorge

A novel statistical technique was used to look at the interactions of the reliabilities of personality measures with each other and with the personality scores themselves. The personality test used was Eysencks' PQ questionnaire which gives measures of Psychoficism (P), Extraversion
(E), Neuroticism (N) and a Lie scale (L). Lower reliability in the P scale for high P scorers was found. The reliabilities of the P, E, N and L scales were found to be correlated. A relationship was found between E and a common reliability factor.