Autonomy and morality: legal pluralism factors impacting sustainable natural resource management amongmiraafarmers in Nyambene Hills, Kenya
In: Journal of legal pluralism and unofficial law: JLP, Band 48, Heft 3, S. 415-440
ISSN: 2305-9931
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In: Journal of legal pluralism and unofficial law: JLP, Band 48, Heft 3, S. 415-440
ISSN: 2305-9931
In: Sage open, Band 10, Heft 3
ISSN: 2158-2440
We studied the measurement and structural factors influencing China's provincial total-factor energy efficiency (TFEE) under resource and environmental constraints, using spatial weight matrix analysis, spatial econometric model selection, a generalized spatial econometric model with unknown heteroscedasticity, and a directional distance function global Malmquist–Luenberger (GML) superefficient model. The findings of this empirical research are as follows. Resource and environmental constraints should be considered while measuring TFEE. The results obtained in such cases are more accurate reflections of the actual situation in China. Furthermore, spatial effects should be considered when analyzing the factors influencing provincial TFEE; otherwise, the estimates will be biased. The following conclusions were obtained from the results of the empirical analysis: China's provincial TFEE continued to decline under resource and environmental constraints, and the trend is not optimistic, implying an undue reliance on coal resources, which reduce TFEE by a considerable extent. Moreover, China's interprovincial TFEE is affected by a variety of structural factors.
In: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT ENGINEERING AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH (IJCESR) 2020
SSRN
In: Environmental and resource economics, Band 3, Heft 1, S. 1-21
ISSN: 1573-1502
In: Corrections: policy, practice and research, Band 6, Heft 3, S. 203-216
ISSN: 2377-4665
In: Frontiers in sociology, Band 8
ISSN: 2297-7775
We assess the relative and joint contributions of genetic and environmental factors on health during childhood and assume that parental resources are part of the environmental factors shaping children's health. We discuss theoretical background and empirical evidence concerning the effects of parental resources and heritability on children's health. Based on these findings we formulate six hypotheses guiding our empirical analysis, using data from TwinLife, a nationally representative sample of same sex twin pairs in Germany. We analyze self-rated health of 1,584 twin pairs aged 4-18. We did find strong support for the idea that parental resources influence children's health: household income and fathers' education consistently show positive effects. In contrast to our expectation, we did not find that genetic factors influence the health of well-off children less than the health of children living in families with lower SES. We also did not find that the genetic influence on health increases during childhood and adolescence. On the contrary our results indicate that the role played by genetic factors diminishes whereas environmental factors gain importance for health of children while growing up. This finding is good news for those interested in improving health chances of children from lower SES backgrounds because it demonstrates the malleability of children's health. The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoc.2023.1136896/full#supplementary-material
In: International journal of human resource management, Band 17, Heft 2, S. 295-315
ISSN: 1466-4399
In: African affairs: the journal of the Royal African Society, Band 112, Heft 449, S. 583-601
ISSN: 1468-2621
In: Organization: the critical journal of organization, theory and society, Band 5, Heft 2
ISSN: 1350-5084
Financial incentives are used by natural resource management organisations to encourage landholders to adopt sustainable practices where the outcomes on a farm scale may be negative or marginal. There is a growing body of research aimed at understanding why landholders do or do not agree to participate in financial incentive programs, however research that considers when and how financial incentives work to bring about long-term behaviour change is relatively immature. The purpose of this review is to answer the question 'What factors influence the effectiveness of financial incentives on long-term natural resource management practice change?' In synthesising the evidence, it was found that there are numerous characteristics of the practice change itself, along with the program design and implementation, which are important to understand long-term behaviour change. These include whether inexpensive maintenance or long-term funding is available; whether the changes are relatively simple to sustain; whether the program involves structural changes; whether there is land use rigidity; and whether the changes have resulting environmental benefits that are highly observable. Additionally, it is advisable for programs that use financial incentives to include the following program features: ongoing extension support and a focus on building relationship and trust; flexibility in how the practice change is applied; active landholder involvement from planning to evaluation; and contract length that is appropriate for the complexity of the NRM practice. These characteristics can be used to guide policy makers in their natural resource management investment decisions. There is a clear need for greatly increased monitoring and evaluation of existing programs, both during the program and after its conclusion, in order to more fully understand its long-term impacts and ultimate effectiveness. Finally, landholders undertaking a practice change generally benefit from ongoing support from government natural resource management ...
BASE
In: Human factors: the journal of the Human Factors Society, Band 63, Heft 3, S. 402-414
ISSN: 1547-8181
Objective This study was designed to examine whether cue utilization differentiates drivers' consumption of cognitive resources during a simulated driving task. Background Outcomes from previous research have demonstrated that a general capacity for cue utilization differentiates cognitive load during novel process control tasks. However, it was previously unclear whether similar results would be demonstrated during familiar operational tasks. Method Based on an assessment of cue utilization within a driving context, participants were classified into higher or lower cue utilization typologies. During a simulated driving task, cognitive load was assessed through changes against baseline in cerebral oxygenation in the prefrontal cortex, through eye behavior metrics (fixation rates and fixation dispersion), and through driving performance (frequency of missed traffic signals and speed exceedances). Results Drivers with higher cue utilization recorded smaller mean fixation dispersions, smaller increases in cerebral oxygenation, and fewer missed traffic signals compared with drivers with lower cue utilization. These results suggest that compared with drivers with lower cue utilization, drivers with higher cue utilization experienced lower cognitive load during the simulated driving task while maintaining a higher level of performance. Conclusion The results provide support for the assertion that, among qualified operators, a greater capacity for cue utilization is associated with lower cognitive load during operational tasks. Application Cue-based assessments of driving may be beneficial in predicting performance and assisting in targeted training for recently qualified and/or older drivers.
In: Resources ; Volume 8 ; Issue 3
The persistency of poverty around the world is one of the most serious problems that humanity has to face, so in order to arise awareness, it is essential that the measurement of such problem is improved. These improvements also give the incentive to carry out motivating actions, design good policies, gauging progress, and enable holding political leaders accountable for meeting targets. To help make this possible, we provide an examination of how poverty is currently measured, bringing together evidence on the nature and extent of poverty in 91 countries around the world. This article presents research using the Rasch model, an inductive method which uses a synthetic-analytical process. This method enables us to provide a comparison of poverty among countries and identifies the main factors that contribute to it.
BASE
In: Human factors: the journal of the Human Factors Society, Band 48, Heft 2, S. 392-412
ISSN: 1547-8181
Objective: This review provides the state of crew resource management (CRM) training evaluations since the E. Salas, C. S. Burke, C. A. Bowers, and K. A. Wilson (2001) review and extends it to areas beyond aviation cockpits. Some critical evaluation needs in CRM training are also covered. Background: Because of the purported success of CRM training in aviation, other high-consequence domains have begun to implement CRM training for their workforces. However, the true impact of CRM training in aviation and these other domains has yet to be determined. Method: Using D. L. Kirkpatrick's (1976) framework for evaluating training (i.e., reactions, learning, behavior, and organizational impact), we reviewed 28 published accounts of CRM training to determine its effectiveness within aviation, medicine, offshore oil production and maintenance, shipping/maritime, and nuclear power domains. Results: Findings indicate that CRM training generally produced positive reactions from trainees; however, the impact of training on learning and behavioral changes suggest mixed results across and within domains. Furthermore, and as was found by Salas, Burke, et al. in 2001, we cannot ascertain whether CRM has had an impact on the organization's bottom line (i.e., safety). Conclusion: Based on the results, there are several critical needs that the CRM training community must address before CRM training can have the desired impact on safety: a mandate, access to data, and resources. Application: As CRM training expands to organizations beyond aviation, it is critical that its impact be understood such that it can be improved and achieve the intended results.
In: Environmental and resource economics, Band 32, Heft 3, S. 407-417
ISSN: 1573-1502
In: Environmental and resource economics, Band 1, Heft 4, S. 373-384
ISSN: 1573-1502