Suchergebnisse

ADB Institute (ADBI) collaborates with the ADB headquarters in Manila on demand-oriented research, and capacity building and training. One of our main interests is infrastructure. Many Asian countries have huge infrastructure needs but insufficient funds. Public–private partnerships are, therefore, important, but many face obstacles because returns on infrastructure are usually low. User charges such as highway tolls or railway fees are a major source of income, but because highways and railways are public goods, governments often regulate their pricing. Water supply and electricity are also public goods and so their price is controlled. It is difficult, therefore, to induce the private sector to invest in them. But a region with good water and electricity supply can attract companies, which would increase employment and land prices, and generate tax revenues with the spillover effects of investment. If tax revenues are partly returned to investors, their rate of return would be greatly increased.

The publication highlights successful projects that demonstrate development impact, best practices, and innovation. They were implemented through the hard work of ADB's developing member countries in partnership with ADB project teams and other partners. The results of these projects have changed and will continue to change the lives of people in Asia and the Pacific. Together We Deliver is jointly produced by ADB and its developing member countries as a companion publication to the 2015 Development Effectiveness Review report.

Since 2006, the Pacific Private Sector Development Initiative (PSDI) has worked to alleviate poverty and promote growth in the Pacific region through reforms that encourage private sector investment and entrepreneurship. This report describes developments and progress for PSDI Phase III's second year, and covers the period July 2014 to end-June 2015. PSDI is a regional technical assistance facility cofinanced by the Asian Development Bank, the Government of Australia, and the Government of New Zealand.

Since 2006, the Pacific Private Sector Development Initiative (PSDI) has worked to alleviate poverty and promote growth in the Pacific region through reforms that encourage private sector investment and entrepreneurship. This report describes developments and progress for PSDI Phase III's second year, and covers the period July 2014 to end-June 2015. PSDI is a regional technical assistance facility cofinanced by the Asian Development Bank, the Government of Australia, and the Government of New Zealand.

Implementing Agenda 2030: Unpacking the Data Revolution at Country Level is a unique report that examines data availability and quality for tracking progress against the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The countries examined in this report, spanning four continents, are Bangladesh, Canada, Peru, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Tanzania and Turkey. The report examines data used to track progress in poverty, education, employment and inclusive growth, energy and infrastructure, environmental sustainability and disaster resilience, governance and global partnership. This report also offers a methodology and' tool kit' that can support policy-makers, development practitioners, academics and experts across the world, as they evaluate their national statistical situation and create count evel roadmaps for mainstreaming and monitoring SDGs. The volume demonstrates the advantages of providing more space to "Southern voices" in leading and shaping the global development agenda, as well as showcasing successful collaboration between think tanks from the South and the North.

Social investment, Kiwi-style, represents an internationally unique way of thinking about, designing and implementing social policy – or at least certain kinds of social policy. It is notable that 'social investment' has been advocated at various times by parties across the political spectrum. What is also clear is that social investment can mean very different things to different people. In continental Europe, for example, it is linked with income redistribution, greater social inclusion and addressing chronic unemployment, especially via greater public expenditure on human capital formation (i.e. education and skills training); while in the UK it is used to describe funding social enterprises that use business models to achieve social purposes.

Sri Lanka's performance in poverty reduction over the years has been commendable, with the poverty headcount ratio falling to 6.7% in 2012/13 and successfully achieving the MDG of halving poverty before the deadline. The reduction in poverty should ideally lead to a decrease in expenditure on the poor. However, this has not been the case for Sri Lanka. Government expenditure related to poverty and vulnerability has shown a remarkable increase in recent years. A closer inspection of the existing government poverty and vulnerability initiatives shows that there are many inherent inefficiencies leading to the ineffective implementation of programmes. This policy insight focuses on possible improvement in cost-efficiency of current poverty reduction programmes -- primarily, the Divineguma programme as it is the single largest -- while lessening their fiscal burden and explores the potential of mobilizing private sector participation as a complementary measure of financing poverty reduction

Sri Lanka's performance in poverty reduction over the years has been commendable, with the poverty headcount ratio falling to 6.7% in 2012/13 and successfully achieving the MDG of halving poverty before the deadline. The reduction in poverty should ideally lead to a decrease in expenditure on the poor. However, this has not been the case for Sri Lanka. Government expenditure related to poverty and vulnerability has shown a remarkable increase in recent years. A closer inspection of the existing government poverty and vulnerability initiatives shows that there are many inherent inefficiencies leading to the ineffective implementation of programmes. This policy insight focuses on possible improvement in cost-efficiency of current poverty reduction programmes -- primarily, the Divineguma programme as it is the single largest -- while lessening their fiscal burden and explores the potential of mobilizing private sector participation as a complementary measure of financing poverty reduction.

It is commonly believed that mandating higher legal minimum wages (LMWs) is needed to help the poor earn a level of income that would allow them healthy and dignified lives. It is also seen as a tool to protect the weak against exploitation. This popular belief motivates and justifies the recurrent demands for hefty increases in LMW. But what is the empirical evidence behind this? This article seeks to address this question. It finds that in the Philippines, higher LMWs: (i) are likely to reduce the work hours of average workers; (ii) can be disadvantageous against the very groups that LMWs are intended to protect; (iii) decrease the employment probability of the young, inexperienced, less educated and women laborers; and (iv) tends to ironically reduce average income and raise household poverty rate. These results illustrate how rapid rises in LMWs can be counter-productive and can go against the spirit of equal protection principle of the Constitution. If the goal is to help the poor and protect the weak, then these findings warrant the need to think more deeply and prudently about the use of LMWs and to consider other tools for achieving decent wages.

The Fifth Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) Summit was held on 19–20 December 2014 in Bangkok, Thailand. The Summit was attended by Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha of Thailand, Prime Minister Hun Sen of Cambodia, Premier Li Keqiang of the State Council of the People's Republic of China (PRC), Prime Minister Thongsing Thammavong of the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), Prime Minister Thein Sein of Myanmar, and Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung of Viet Nam. ADB President Takehiko Nakao joined the GMS Leaders. The Summit theme was "Committed to Inclusive and Sustainable Development in the GMS" which focused discussions on how to better ensure that the GMS Program remains on track toward sustained, inclusive, broad-based, and environmentally sustainable development.

The Fifth Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) Summit was held on 19–20 December 2014 in Bangkok, Thailand. The Summit was attended by Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha of Thailand, Prime Minister Hun Sen of Cambodia, Premier Li Keqiang of the State Council of the People's Republic of China (PRC), Prime Minister Thongsing Thammavong of the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), Prime Minister Thein Sein of Myanmar, and Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung of Viet Nam. ADB President Takehiko Nakao joined the GMS Leaders. The Summit theme was "Committed to Inclusive and Sustainable Development in the GMS" which focused discussions on how to better ensure that the GMS Program remains on track toward sustained, inclusive, broad-based, and environmentally sustainable development.

This book is written by a set of experts who have been working long on reducing various aspects of human deprivations in Asia. It begins with a discussion of the massive dimensions of deprivations that continue to exist in Asia. Although many countries have adopted inclusive growth strategies to enable the benefits of growth to reach the poor, much more needs to be done to make growth processes more broad based and beneficial to all. The book points to essential action needed to bring this about. Despite Asia's rapid growth, vast sections of its population still live in poverty and suffer hunger and other forms of deprivation. Merely relying on Asia's growth will not help the deprived see a better future in their lifetimes. Ways must be found to make growth more inclusive combined with proactive public action to bring substantial improvements in the lives of Asia's deprived people. This book, co-published with Routledge, is written by a set of experts who have been working long on reducing various aspects of human deprivations in Asia. It begins with a discussion of the massive dimensions of deprivations that continue to exist in Asia. Although many countries have adopted inclusive growth strategies to enable the benefits of growth to reach the poor, much more needs to be done to make growth processes more broad based and beneficial to all. The book points to essential action needed to bring this about. The book also emphasizes the crucial role of determined, target driven public action if Asia's deprived populations are to see substantial improvement in their lives. Practical measures to tackle problems of hunger, unemployment, gender discrimination, ill health, lack of quality basic education, inadequate access to clean water and basic sanitation are each discussed. The problems of the urban poor and migrants who continue to flock to Asia's cities are also highlighted. The book also emphasizes the need for an appropriate environment for public action to succeed including strong participatory institutions, effective governance, social protection and regional cooperation. Copublished with Routledge.

This book is written by a set of experts who have been working long on reducing various aspects of human deprivations in Asia. It begins with a discussion of the massive dimensions of deprivations that continue to exist in Asia. Although many countries have adopted inclusive growth strategies to enable the benefits of growth to reach the poor, much more needs to be done to make growth processes more broad based and beneficial to all. The book points to essential action needed to bring this about. Despite Asia's rapid growth, vast sections of its population still live in poverty and suffer hunger and other forms of deprivation. Merely relying on Asia's growth will not help the deprived see a better future in their lifetimes. Ways must be found to make growth more inclusive combined with proactive public action to bring substantial improvements in the lives of Asia's deprived people. This book, co-published with Routledge, is written by a set of experts who have been working long on reducing various aspects of human deprivations in Asia. It begins with a discussion of the massive dimensions of deprivations that continue to exist in Asia. Although many countries have adopted inclusive growth strategies to enable the benefits of growth to reach the poor, much more needs to be done to make growth processes more broad based and beneficial to all. The book points to essential action needed to bring this about. The book also emphasizes the crucial role of determined, target driven public action if Asia's deprived populations are to see substantial improvement in their lives. Practical measures to tackle problems of hunger, unemployment, gender discrimination, ill health, lack of quality basic education, inadequate access to clean water and basic sanitation are each discussed. The problems of the urban poor and migrants who continue to flock to Asia's cities are also highlighted. The book also emphasizes the need for an appropriate environment for public action to succeed including strong participatory institutions, effective governance, social protection and regional cooperation. Copublished with Routledge.

Cambodia was a founding member of ADB in 1966, but almost all lending and technical assistance to Cambodia has been since the 1990s when ADB re-engaged after an extended absence. This publication aims to capture the essence of the last 20 years of partnership between Cambodia and ADB. ADB's core product is finance, and as of October 2012, Cambodia had received $1.39 billion for 64 loans, $256 million for 21 grants, and $138 million for 179 technical assistance projects. This commemorative publication reviews activities and achievements in the main sectors of ADB engagement in Cambodia, including infrastructure, regional cooperation, urban development, tourism, rural development, flood rehabilitation, social development, public sector management, finance, and private sector development. It also covers progress on key drivers of change - governance, gender equity, climate change, knowledge partnerships, and engagement with civil society organizations, development partners, and the business community. The steps forward in these areas in Cambodia reflect the new broader 'finance ++' strategy of ADB - finance plus leverage plus knowledge. This publication concludes with a section on ADB 'then and now', detailing the return of ADB to Cambodia 20 years ago, a list of ADB milestones since 1991, reflections from all the ADB country directors since the 1990s, and concluding with the essence of the country partnership strategy 2011-2013, and the names of the Cambodia country team that are leading the Cambodia-ADB partnership into the future.

Cambodia was a founding member of ADB in 1966, but almost all lending and technical assistance to Cambodia has been since the 1990s when ADB re-engaged after an extended absence. This publication aims to capture the essence of the last 20 years of partnership between Cambodia and ADB. ADB's core product is finance, and as of October 2012, Cambodia had received $1.39 billion for 64 loans, $256 million for 21 grants, and $138 million for 179 technical assistance projects. This commemorative publication reviews activities and achievements in the main sectors of ADB engagement in Cambodia, including infrastructure, regional cooperation, urban development, tourism, rural development, flood rehabilitation, social development, public sector management, finance, and private sector development. It also covers progress on key drivers of change - governance, gender equity, climate change, knowledge partnerships, and engagement with civil society organizations, development partners, and the business community. The steps forward in these areas in Cambodia reflect the new broader 'finance ++' strategy of ADB - finance plus leverage plus knowledge. This publication concludes with a section on ADB 'then and now', detailing the return of ADB to Cambodia 20 years ago, a list of ADB milestones since 1991, reflections from all the ADB country directors since the 1990s, and concluding with the essence of the country partnership strategy 2011-2013, and the names of the Cambodia country team that are leading the Cambodia-ADB partnership into the future.