Suchergebnisse

Dirigé par Olivier Nay, Andy Smith ; L'article traite de la manière dont les députés européens prennent en compte, de manière croissante, les intérêts locaux dans l'exercice de leur mandat. Loin d'être les représentants supranationaux d'un "peuple européen" désincarné, les membres du Parlement européen sont amenés - en raison de l'intérêt croissant que les entités infra-étatiques leur portent et de leurs besoins de légitimation et d'ancrage territorial - à opérer un travail de médiation en faveur d'enjeux locaux. Ce faisant, ils apparaissent comme des acteurs clés de la gouvernance multi-niveaux en Europe, capable d'opérer un lien entre les institutions de l'Union et ses territoires.

Loin de répondre uniquement à des prescriptions européennes qui sont avancées comme sa légitimation, la réforme carcérale mise en oeuvre en Turquie au début des années 2000 s'inscrit aussi, et peut-être avant tout, dans des logiques politiques intérieures bien différentes. En Europe, la classification souvent réductrice de l'affaire des prisons turques entamée fin 2000 dans la rubrique « droits de l'homme », ainsi que les parallèles hâtivement établis avec le spectre de Midnight Express, cachent le véritable enjeu, qui est celui du rétrécissement de l'espace politique, alors même que les questions kurde et islamiste avaient déjà largement occulté aux yeux de l'Europe d'autres types d'opposition et d'action.

A review essay on books by (1) The Independent International Commission on Kosovo, The Kosovo Report: Conflict, International Response, Lessons Learned (Oxford U Press, 2000); (2) Pierre Martin & Mark R. Brawley (Eds), Alliance Politics, Kosovo, and NATO's War: Alliance Force or Forced Allies? (Palgrave, 2001); (3) Albrecht Schnabel & Ramesh Thakur (Eds), Kosovo and the Challenge of Humanitarian Intervention: Selective Indignation, Collective Action, and International Citizenship (United Nations U Press, 2000); (4) Michael Waller, Kyril Drezov, & Bulent Gokay (Eds), Kosovo: The Politics of Delusion (Frank Cass, 2001); & (5) Tony Weymouth & Stanley Henig (Eds), The Kosovo Crisis: The Last American War in Europe? (Reuters/Pearson Education, 2001).

Introduces a special issue, a cross-national study of drug control policy & practices among industrialized nations. The challenges of undertaking such an analysis are outlined; they arise from problems of data scarcity, poor data quality & comparability, weak causal/correlational evidence, & difficulties of generalizability. Next, an analytic framework is provided that facilitates assessment of policies & outcomes & accounts for exogenous factors. The articles are then summarized according to three geographic/economic categories: (1) the "wealthy West" (including the US, Western Europe, & Australia); (2) the Western hemisphere (US, Mexico, Colombia, & Jamaica); & (3) transition countries (Middle Eastern nations & post-Soviet Russia). 1 Figure, 26 References. K. Coddon

EU & UN initiatives have been made to improve the effectiveness of sanctions in managing international security problems. The UN sanctions regime against Iraq was modified in 2001. UN mandatory sanctions have been part of the international response to acts of terrorism. In September 2001 UN Security Council Resolution 1373 established counterterrorism measures aimed at all entities or persons engaged in supporting or carrying out terrorist acts. The EU has been developing sanctions to advance its objectives on democratization & human rights. EU sanctions achieved some success in southeastern Europe when used as part of a broader set of security-building measures. Adapted from the source document.

Les enjeux des récents débats sur le nazisme en Allemagne sont énormes. La fin de la Guerre froide a logiquement brisé des tabous : la recherche fait d'énormes progrès dans la connaissance des liens entre l'économie allemande et le régime nazi ; la question de la contribution de la Wehrmacht à la politique génocidaire du régime est aussi une évidence pour la science. Pourtant une partie du monde intellectuel, en Allemagne et en Europe, prend le prétexte d'une enquête sur les « crimes du communisme » pour relativiser l'étendue des politiques génocidaires nazies. L'histoire de la République Fédérale montre que ces deux tendances contradictoires n'ont jamais cessé de s'affronter.

In 1988, Sweden made a vertical cut in its nationalised railway monopoly; since then, infrastructure is handled by a public-sector agency while trains were initially run by a government-owned monopolist. This paper seeks to describe this reorganisation, the subsequent process towards free entry and competition in parts of the sector and the consequences of these changes. It is argued that the policies have not focussed on (ticket) prices and competition issues and have rather been directed towards the sector's inability to recover costs, which seems to be a Europe-wide phenomenon. Some recommendations for further changes of the industry are suggested.

This literary history provides an extensive examination of Walt Whitman's reception in Ireland in the 1870s and 1880s, at a time when he was broadly vilified for poor artistry and obscenity in America and Europe. It reveals how Irish readers such as Edward Dowden, John B. Yeats, John Todhunter, Standish O'Grady and T.W.Rolleston shared an enthusiasm for the national, spiritual and democratic prophet who animated their "intellect" and "whole moral nature." To date, there has been no comprehensive assessment of their relationship with Whitman. ; TARA (Trinity's Access to Research Archive) has a robust takedown policy. Please contact us if you have any concerns: rssadmin@tcd.ie

The centenary in 2000 of Gilberto Freyre's birth occasioned a number of retrospectives on his place in Brazil's history. This article focuses on Freyre up to 1933, the year in which Casa Grande & Senzala was published. Emphasis is given to such formative influences as his undergraduate study at Baylor U, his graduate study at Columbia U, & his subsequent travels in Europe. In these years, Freyre rejected an invitation to stay in the US & strengthened his resolve to return to Brazil & make his career as a writer. The theme he soon adopted was Brazil's viability as a modern nation, notwithstanding its supposed defects of race & climate. Adapted from the source document.