Suchergebnisse

Why have only 13 developing world economies achieved sustained, high growth since World War II? Why is engagement with the global economy necessary to achieve high growth? Why do some countries' growth strategies fail to win the public's confidence? Why are equity and equality of opportunity important components of successful growth strategies? Why do many countries, blessed with natural resource wealth, not achieve high growth? Why has no country ever sustained rapid growth without high rates of public investment? Why does it not always pay to devalue the exchange rate? When does it? Why is childhood nutrition so important to economic growth? Why do some economies lose momentum when others keep on growing? Why has no country ever sustained long-term growth without urbanizing? Why should there be an end to energy subsidies? Why do global warming and the rising prices of food, energy and minerals pose challenges to potential future growth in developing countries? Why does the aging of the world population matter for developing countries growth and employment prospects? The Growth Report does not have all the answers, but it does identify some of the key insights and policy levers to help countries achieve high, sustainable and inclusive growth. The result of two years work by 19 experienced policymakers and two Nobel prize-winning economists, the Growth Report is the most complete analysis to date of the ingredients which, if used in the right country-specific recipe, can deliver growth and help lift populations out of poverty.

AbstractThe Nordic Economic Community (Nordek) was a short-lived and ultimately unsuccessful attempt to strengthen cooperation between the four Nordic states. While the importance of the project to Britain has often been overlooked, this article suggests that Whitehall took considerable interest from the start. It demonstrates how, although officially neutral, London sought first to mitigate the effects of Nordek, then to undermine its establishment and, finally, in the wake of Nordek's collapse, to guard against its re-emergence. The aim throughout was to protect three central tenets of British foreign policy: EFTA unity in light of the second veto, Britain's own application for EEC membership and a cohesive Western Europe militarily integrated in NATO. However, the article highlights the absence of a coherent strategy towards tentative Nordic integration and the mixed success this brought, the interdependency of Anglo-Nordic relations in the pursuit and success of British foreign policy goals and the relative decline of the Britain's influence in the Nordic region.

Volume 34 contains articles on the economic history of Europe, North America and South America and brings new analysis, and newly created datasets to address issues of interest. Two of the papers present newly constructed datasets. In "Prices, Wages and the Cost of Living in Old Republic São Paulo: 1891-1930", Ball presents a newly constructed real wage index. São Paulo was the main destination for immigrants to Brazil in this period, but there has never before been sufficient data to analyse why. In "Multiple Core Regions: Regional Inequality in Switzerland, 1860 to 2008", Stohr uses the wealth of available Swiss data on agriculture and employment to create GDP measures for subregions in Switzerland. He uses these data to argue that aggregate inequality in Switzerland was low in the initial push to industrialization because there were multiple, similar centers industrializing simultaneously, thus mitigating inequality across regions. Two of the papers gather together existing data so that it can be analysed for the first time in a consistent manner. In "The forgotten half of finance: working-class saving in late nineteenth-century New Jersey", Bodenhorn uses previously unexplored consumer surveys to characterize the savings behavior of the working class. And in "Heights across the last 2000 years in England", Galofré-Vilà, Hinde, and Guntupalli gather all existing skeletal data for England for 2000 years to create a consistent longitudinal height series. They compare the series to height series of other regions as well as other measures of well being in England. And finally, in "Monetary Policy and the Copper Price Bust: A Reassessment of the Causes of the 1907 Panic", Rogers and Payne dig into the details of copper prices to discover the link between the Bank of Englands contractionary monetary policy and changes in real asset prices. Their findings have important implications for understanding the mechanisms of monetary policy.

This book has four main objectives: to bring the thus far almost entirely neglected historical case of 'the rise of Japan into the literature on power shifts in general and 'the rise of China in particular; to propose a discourse-based conceptualization of identity for the study of economic policy that engages theoretical and methodological debates on how to overcome the dichotomy between 'ideational (identity) and 'material (economic) factors; to address the tendency to focus on the 'radical Other in poststructuralist IR scholarship, by highlighting how heterogeneity disturbs exclusive and binary articulations of identity and difference; and to propose a method for putting political discourse theory (PDT) into practice in empirical research by drawing on rhetorical political analysis (RPA). US congressional debates on economic policy on Japan and China in 1985-2008 are analysed as examples of official US elite public discourse. The book shows that the 'new era in US-Chinese relations that scholars and policymakers have been announcing since the beginning of the Trump presidency was long in the making, as it rests on longstanding discourses on the USAs main economic competitor

Wie interagieren öffentliche Finanzen und Wirtschaftswachstum in Deutschland? Und welchen Einfluss haben diese Interaktionen auf die Tragfähigkeit der deutschen Staatsfinanzen? Und umgekehrt, welche Rolle spielen Tragfähigkeitsaspekte für die Effektivität von staatlichen Konjunkturprogrammen? Dieses Buch bietet empirisch fundierte Beiträge zu Fragen, die durch die Staatschuldenkrise in den Fokus finanzwissenschaftlicher Diskussionen gerückt sind. Konkret zeigt der Autor - unter Einsatz moderner makroökonometrischer Verfahren - warum es einer Schuldenbremse bedarf, um die aus einer Ausgabendynamik resultierende Tragfähigkeitslücke in Deutschland zu schließen. Er findet bei Gewinnsteuerelastizitäten starke Schwankungen über den Zeitablauf. Und schließlich demonstriert er, dass Konjunkturprogramme während der letzten Jahrzehnte zunehmend prozyklischer wirkten und Tragfähigkeitsrestriktionen die Höhe von Fiskalmultiplikatoren erheblich beeinflussen. How do German public finances respond to economic developments? And what is the impact of large economic shocks on fiscal sustainability? Vice versa, what is the effect of sustainability restrictions on fiscal stimulus measures? In the context of the ongoing sovereign debt crisis, these questions constitute the core of public finance debates. Based on advanced macro-econometric methods, this study offers new insights to this field. The author shows how expenditure dynamics have been decisive for ruining the sustainability of public finances in Germany and how a debt brake could bring them back on a sustainable path. He demonstrates how static estimation methods fail to detect dynamic relationships between tax bases and tax revenues - especially with respect to profit taxes. Finally, he shows that economic stimuli programmes in Germany have become gradually more pro-cyclical over the last four decades

Introduction -- An Analysis of the Effect of Demand Response on Electricity Consumption: Assessing Households' Heterogeneous Reaction to Dynamic Pricing -- Estimation of Tap Water Demand in Japan: A Panel Data Analysis -- Economies of Scale and Consolidation Effects in the Japanese Sewerage Industry -- Productivity Measurement and Decomposition of Total Factor Productivity in Japan's Postal and Parcel Delivery Industry -- Preferential Slot Allocation for LCCs at a Congested Airport, and Airfare: The Case of Haneda Airport in Tokyo -- The Impact of Airport Concession on Technical Efficiency: Evidence from Major Airports in Japan.

"A long-standing economic policy goal of the oil-dependent states of the Gulf Cooperation Council is to increase economic diversification. Over the last decades, GCC governments fostered the development of non-oil economies through large-scale public investments in the stocks of human and physical capital. This book takes a new look at economic diversification efforts by examining the impact of different public expenditure categories (capital, education, health) on non-oil GDP and labour productivity developments in the three GCC countries Bahrain, Oman and Qatar since the 1970s. Building both on an econometric analysis and detailed country studies, this book analyses not only whether public expenditure has been an important driver of overall non-oil economic growth but also how public expenditure impacted different potential sources of non-oil economic growth such as economy-wide investment or productivity levels. By elaborating the channels through which public expenditure tends to impact non-oil economic growth in Bahrain, Oman and Qatar, this book contributes to the academic and public debate about the effectiveness of ongoing diversification strategies in the GCC countries." (Publisher's description)