Suchergebnisse

In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, the long and checkered relationship between Islam and the West entered a new phase. The sense of suspicion and denouncement that swept through the public sphere of many European countries and the United States was accompanied by major changes in governmental policies and a shift in the politics in each country that has witnessed or suffered from the repercussions of these attacks; this has been exasperated further by the rise of Islamic State (ISIS). This study uses different types of data sources and focuses on the previous academic work on establishing institutions of higher education within an existing unique context to examine the challenges that these institutions face on both the policy and political levels due to the prevailing current geopolitical climate vis-à-vis Islam. While focusing on the present and offering some insights into the future, this paper provides a base for a more comprehensive historical overview of the main policy changes by creating a timeline of key changes in the policies and mapping the significant events that have had an impact. It is designed to investigate challenges and opportunities of Islamic higher education institutions and programs from a policy perspective and within the changing political governmental agenda specifically in the United States, and it offers a preliminary analysis of the dynamics of these evolving transformations. Considering the emerging need to revisit these institutions and the more recent recurring calls to reform existing Western Islamic studies programs, this paper fills another gap in the literature by providing some recommendations.

Over the last decades, Vietnam's higher education system has made remarkable achievements, and considerable contributions to the task of raising intellectual standards and human resources for the construction, protection, and development of the country. Besides the great achievements mentioned above, education in our country has still contained many weaknesses, shortcomings, and concerning issues. In particular, the quality of mass education, especially tertiary education is still in the lower ranking, the teaching methods are outdated as well as uncreative, conditions for higher education development are still inadequate; moreover, it is difficult for poor families, low-income families, and ethnic minorities to access higher education, besides, some negative phenomena in higher education are slowly solved. In order to resolve these problems, the purpose of this paper is to summarize the achievements and difficulties and to provide directions for building an education based on a solid theoretical foundation, focusing on researching the educational philosophy corresponding to requirements of the era and integration.

Received: 26 December 2020 / Accepted: 27 January 2021 / Published: 5 March 2021

Building on research examining state financing for higher education, our qualitative comparative case study investigates state policymakers' decisions for funding public higher education during the COVID-19 crisis in California and Texas. These states were purposively selected based on the size of their postsecondary sector, state partisanship, and higher education funding responses during the pandemic. Moreover, these states represent two of the largest public postsecondary enrollments nationally and serve a racially and ethnically diverse student population. Guiding our study is the Hearn and Ness (2018) framework investigating the ecology of state higher education policymaking, which offers four contextual categories that influence state policy decisions: socioeconomic context, organizational and policy context, politico-institutional context, and external context. This framework suggests underlying factors influencing the state funding process, while also providing an opportunity to expand on this theory through the unique COVID-19 context. We used deductive and inductive techniques to analyze 28 interviews with a range of actors, including state elected officials, state government staff, and higher education officials. We also examined 69 documents (state budgets, news articles, and state executive orders) to triangulate and verify our interview data. Two areas served as key events that ultimately influenced higher education funding decisions in California and Texas: (1) the preference of certain higher education institutions and (2) the availability and application of federal dollars. Furthermore, the organizational and policy context and the politico-institutional context, as defined by the Hearn and Ness framework, provided additional state-level factors that resulted in distinct responses. This study offers practical and theoretical contributions to higher education policy and practice, including highlighting the decision-making and prioritization processes of state policymakers when facing an unprecedented pandemic and crisis, and discussing common and unique factors influencing higher education policymaking in two different state contexts.

The right to education as a fundamental right has followed the evolution of the democratic State and it can be found both at the level of the internal law of the States, in the constitutional texts and in international law. It appears in the Constitution of the Portuguese Republic of 1976, inserted in the economic, social and cultural rights and is consecrated in the European Union. Always as a value associated with the rule of law and democracy.Through a methodology with literature revision of portuguese national legal texts and of the EU law it is possible to analyze the progress achieved historically towards the impletation of the education as a fundamental right.
Keywords: education; fundamental right; European Union.

In recent years, a number of trends have concurrently contributed to promote collaboration between institutions of higher education and small businesses in the United States. These trends include academic institutions' need for new sources of revenue, students' growing interest in careers in business, increased media attention to entrepreneurship and small business, and industrialists' search for a competitively advantageous position. The outcome of these relationships has been positive for both parties. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to examine the diverse relationships between colleges and universities and the small business sector that currently exist in the United States. The findings of this paper focus on (1) how the relationships between U.S. institutions of higher education and small businesses have been institutionalized, (2) types of research methodologies used in the analysis of these relationships, and (3) the identification of specific areas for further research.

In the United States, Administrative Law, as one of the core curricula of the MPA, has in the past encountered some problems in the teaching process. Particularly with respect to educational goals, textbook compilations and teaching methods, it has experienced a process for perfectibility step after step, which serves as a good reference for China to inaugurate MPA teaching at the initial stage. It would be important to draw ideas from experience and lessons in the U.S. when carrying out administrative law education in China.