Suchergebnisse

Although over eighty percent of the country is Muslim, Indonesia is marked by an extraordinary diversity in language, ancestry, culture, religion and ways of life. This book focuses on the Christian Dani of West Papua, providing a social and ethnographic history of the most important indigenous population in the troubled province. It presents a fascinating overview of the Dani's conversion to Christianity, examining the social, religious and political uses to which they have put their new religion. Based on independent research carried out over many years among the Dani people, the book provides an abundance of new material on religious and political events in West Papua. Underlining the heart of Christian-Muslim rivalries, the book questions the fate of religion in late-modern times.

After the September 11th attacks on the United States, more than a few Americans came to believe that Islam andWestern Christianity were embroiled in a battle over fundamental differences–a "clash of civilizations,' so to speak. But this rhetoric was neither new nor particular to the United States. Across the Atlantic for some time, in fact, it has been used in the debate over the proposed entry of Turkey, a Muslim country, into the European Union (EU).

Afghanistan is a country in Asia that has a long history. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, Afghanistan experienced dark times. Their government was intervened by a foreign country. Moreover, Afghanistan was once controlled by the extremist group, namely the Taliban. The Taliban control Afghanistan and control most of Afghanistan, making Afghanistan a conflict-prone country. Even Afghanistan is ranked in the bottom two as a country that is prone to conflict. It was caused by various things. However, efforts to modernize Afghanistan have not stopped. The modernization process goes hand in hand with democratization. Even though there are still shortcomings in various sectors such as Human Rights, gender equality, press freedom, etc., Afghanistan is on the right path. This article discusses the history of Islam and politics in Afghanistan, including the journey in establishing a state, modernization efforts, and hopes for democratization in Afghanistan. This article uses a historical method and a political approach, so that it will be able to see historical and political events in Afghanistan from a political point of view. Keywords: Afghanistan, history, democratization. politic, Islam. ; Afghanistan merupakan negara di Asia yang memiliki sejarah panjang. Pada akhir abad ke-20 dan awal abad ke-21, Afghanistan mengalami masa kelam. Pemerintahan mereka diintervensi oleh negara asing. Lebih dari itu, Afghanistan sempat dikuasai oleh kelompok ekstrimis yaitu Taliban. Taliban menguasai Afghanistan dan menguasai sebagian besar wilayah Afghanistan, sehingga membuat Afghanistan menjadi negara yang rawan konflik. Bahkan Afghanistan menduduki peringkat dua terbawah sebagai negara yang rentan akan konflik. Hal itu disebabkan oleh berbagai macam hal. Namun, usaha untuk modernisasi Afghanistan tidaklah berhenti. Proses modernisasi berjalan bersama dengan demokratisasi. Meskipun masih terdapat kekurangan di berbabagi sektor seperti Hak Asasi Manusia, kesetaraan gender, kebebasan pers, dan lain sebagainya, Afghanistan telah menuju jalan yang benar. Artikel ini membahas mengenai sejarah Islam dan politik di Afghanistan, meliputi perjalanan dalam mendirikan negara, usaha modernisasi, dan harapan demokratisasi di Afghanistan. Artikel ini menggunakan metode sejarah dan pendekatan politik, sehingga akan mampu melihat peristiwa sejarah dan politik di Afghanistan dari sudut pandang politik. Kata Kunci: Afghanistan, sejarah, demokratisasi, politik, Islam.

Common features of sacrifice -- Theories of sacrifice -- Sacrifice in Jewish tradition -- Sacrifice in Christian tradition -- Sacrifice in Islamic tradition

Jihadist movements have claimed that they are merely vehicles for the application of God's word, distancing themselves from politics, which they call dirty and manmade. Yet on closer examination, jihadist movements are immersed in politics, negotiating political relationships not just with the forces surrounding them, but also within their own ranks. Drawing on case studies from North Africa and the Sahel - including Algeria, Libya, Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso, and Mauritania - this study examines jihadist movements from the inside, uncovering their activities and internal struggles over the past three decades. Highlighting the calculations that jihadist field commanders and clerics make, Alexander Thurston shows how leaders improvise, both politically and religiously, as they adjust to fast-moving conflicts. Featuring critical analysis of Arabic-language jihadist statements, this book offers unique insights into the inner workings of jihadist organisations and sheds new light on the phenomenon of mass-based jihadist movements and proto-states.

Discusses the revival of Muslim communities and institutions in Russia since 1989 and how it differs between regions and ethno-cultural groups, as seen in the Volga-Ural region and the North Caucasus. Summary in English p. 413. Traditionally Muslim nationalities in Russia: Tatar, Bashkir, Caucasian, and Turkish.

Introduction. Methodology: History and nostalgia: reflections on John Wansbrough's The Sectarian Milieu; The limits of Islamic orthodoxy; Law; Tafsir from Tabari to Ibn Kathir: problems in the description of a genre, illustrated with reference to the story of Abraham. Early Islam: The sa'y and the jabin: some notes on Qur'an 37:102-3; Hinth, birr, tabarrur, tahannuth: an inquiry into the Arabic vocabulary of vows; From midrash to scripture: the sacrifice of Abraham in early Islamic tradition; The ummi in early Islamic juristic literature; The qurra' and the Arabic lexicographical tradition; The Barahima: literary construct and historical reality. Jurisprudence: a) Sunnism: Ikhtilaf and ijma' in Shafi'i's Risala; The significance of the term imam in early Islamic jurisprudence; Friday Prayer and the juristic theory of government: Sarakhsi, Shirazi, Mawardi; Exploring God's Law: Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Abi Sahl al-Sarakhsi on zakat; al-Nawawi's typology of muftis and its significance for a general theory of Islamic Law; The 'Uqud rasm al-mufti of Ibn al-'Abidin. b) Imami Shi'ism: Zakat in Imami Shi'i jurisprudence, from the 10th to the 16th century A.D.; Khums in Imami Shi'i jurisprudence, from the 10th to the 16th century A.D.; Accommodation and revolution in Imami Shi'i jurisprudence: Khumayni and the classical tradition; Legitimacy and accommodation in Safavid Iran: the juristic theory of Muhammad Baqir al-Sabzavari (d. 1090/1679); Doubt and prerogative: the emergence of an Imami Shi'i theory of ijtihad. Indexes.

An inquisitive socio-historical analysis of the long road Iran has traveled in quest of constitutionalism and democracy. The book explicates the paradox that after over a hundred years of struggle for freedom, the Iranian people currently have less of it than they did a hundred years ago at this time.--

AbstractThis paper examines how Islam in Japan tends to be tolerated as (foreign) "culture," especially within the framework of tabunka kyōsei, multicultural coexistence, and cosmetic multiculturalism to circumvent religious apathy, phobia of religion, and prejudice against Islam. In doing so, this paper will: first provide a history of Muslim–Japanese relations and Muslim communities in Japan as well as an overview of the total estimate of the Muslim population in Japan as of 2018; historicize and denaturalize religious apathy, phobia of religion, and prejudice against Islam among the general Japanese public; analyze the rhetoric of tabunka kyōsei and its relation to cosmetic multiculturalism as well as its problematics; investigate the cases of local oppositions to the building projects of mosques and my observations made at events organized by Muslim groups; and conclude with a critical remark on the cosmetic multiculturalist understanding of "Islamic culture" and its approach to tabunka kyōsei.