Suchergebnisse

Countries across Europe developed a range of database systems to register pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 cases. Anecdotal reports indicate that some systems were not as useful as expected. This was a cross-sectional, semi-structured survey of health professionals who collected and reported pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 cases in 23 countries within the 27 European Union (EU) Member States plus Norway. We describe here the experiences of using pandemic case register systems developed before and during the pandemic, whether the systems were used as intended and, what problems, if any, were encountered. We conducted the survey to identify improvements that could be made to future pandemic case registers at national and EU level. Despite many inter-country differences, 17 respondents felt that a standardised case register template incorporating a limited number of simple standard variables specified in advance and agreed between the World Health Organization and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control could be useful. Intra- and inter-country working groups could facilitate information exchange, clearer system objectives and improved interoperability between systems.

"In dieser Studie stehen die unterschiedlichen Kinderbetreuungskulturen für Kinder unter 6 Jahren in vier Ländern im Fokus der Analyse. Dabei werden der familienpolitische Hintergrund, die entsprechenden Wertehaltungen und Kinderbetreuungsquoten miteinbezogen. Zudem sind die entsprechenden öffentlichen Ausgaben, die strukturellen Rahmenbedingungen selbst und die öffentlichen Förderungen hinsichtlich außerfamilialer Kinderbetreuung im vorschulischen Bereich im Fokus der Analyse. Die ausgewählten Länder bilden unterschiedliche Typen familienpolitischer Ausrichtungen ab. Neben Österreich wurde Deutschland, Frankreich und Schweden ausgewählt." (Autorenreferat)

Das Konzept der solidarischen Lohnpolitik ist ein Eckpfeiler des europäischen Sozialmodells und hat seine historischen Wurzeln in der europäischen Arbeiterbewegung der zwanziger und dreißiger Jahre. Die solidarische Lohnpolitik stammt ursprünglich aus Schweden, wo sie in den fünfziger Jahren im Rahmen des so genannten "Rehn-Meidner-Modells" zum Ausgangspunkt einer umfangreichen wirtschaftspolitischen Konzeption der Gewerkschaften wurde. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden zunächst exemplarisch anhand des Rehn-Meidner-Modells das Konzept und die Funktionsweise solidarischer Lohnpolitik vorgestellt. Im Anschluss daran wird die These von der "Krise solidarischer Lohnpolitik in Europa" entwickelt. Zur Bekräftigung der These wird die Lohnentwicklung in Europa beschrieben, der politisch-ideologische Diskurs zur Kritik der solidarischen Lohnpolitik nachgezeichnet und die wissenschaftliche Debatte um die veränderten strukturellen Rahmenbedingungen zur Umsetzung einer solidarischen Lohnpolitik betrachtet. Abschließend werden die Anforderungen für eine Reformulierung solidarischer Lohnpolitik in Europa sowie Ansätze und Perspektiven einer Europäisierung gewerkschaftlicher Lohnpolitik skizziert. (ICI2)

Introduction: Conservation, Cities and Values -- Settler-Colonial Foundations, 1900s-30s -- The Establishment of the National Trust, 1940s-60s -- The Modern Field, 1950s-60s -- The Heritage Movement, 1960s-70s -- National Estate Visions, 1970s -- Professionalisation and the Burra Charter, 1970s -- Frameworks, Tools, Criteria, 1980s-90s -- Changing Cities, Evolving Values, 1980s-90s -- Conclusion: The Past and Future of Conservation.

ObjectivesCare experienced people have poorer health in UK and internationally, but the direction of causation is debated. Using longitudinal cross-sectoral data linkage we explore if inequalities in diabetes prevalence and hospitalisation are present before entering care or develop during or after leaving care.
ApproachHealth and social care data were linked for 13,830 care experienced children (CEC) and together with 649,771 general population children (GPC) their prescriptions and hospitalisations were followed from birth between 1990-2004 to study end in 2016. Diabetes prevalence was estimated as at least one prescription or inpatient hospitalisation for diabetes. We compared hospitalisation percentages and rates in the two cohorts by age and gender. Results from multivariable models adjusted for socioeconomic status, age, gender, care type/length, local authority, and comorbidities will be presented at conference.
ResultsDiabetes prevalence was similar in both cohorts and higher in females. However, CEC had twice as many hospitalisations as GPC. Mean hospitalisations were highest among care experienced males (6 compared to 3.6 in females and 2 in GPC). 24% of CEC were hospitalised 3-9 times and 13% 10+ times, for GPC these were 19% and 3% respectively. Hospitalisation rates increase with age in both cohorts, as do differences between cohorts. At ages 0-4 hospitalisation rates are similar, by ages 12-15 CEC have twice as high and at ages 18-27 4-times higher hospitalisation rates. Among CEC, across all ages hospitalisation rates are lower while the child is in care, with the lowest rates in foster care. Hospitalisation rates are highest before entering and after leaving care.
ConclusionResults for diabetes hospitalisations suggest that being in care can be good for children's health. However, a sudden withdrawal of support can create a "cliff edge" and health may deteriorate after leaving care. Data linkage has significant potential to inform policy and practice, including supporting CEC after leaving care.

International audience ; Groundwater quantity and quality is of great importance for the economic development in Europe as it is the most important resource for drinking water, irrigation and industrial uses. Groundwater as such and as locally the main contributor to surface water is also a pillar to the ecosystem health. The quality of groundwater is linked to physico-chemical parameters such as temperature, pH, redox potential and the presence of dissolved elements from geogenic (natural) or anthropogenic origin. Initiated in July 2018, the Geoera project HOVER (horizon H2020, grant agreement N°731166) intends to link geological settings and hydrogeological processes to the natural quality of groundwater and the risk of transfer of anthropogenic dissolved elements to aquifers. Project findings are meant to increase political and public awareness and improve groundwater management at EU scale. Thus, information and communication technologies involved will allow producing thematic maps and web service tools at regional to pan-European scale that will be made available for a large public audience through the European Geological Data Infrastructure (http://www.europe-geology.eu/). The project is built around 6 main topics related to groundwater quality; high-concentration of dissolved elements of geogenic origin, microbial ecology in groundwater-surface water transition zones, nitrate and pesticide transfer, groundwater age distribution, vulnerability and emerging contaminants. Thirty partners from 27 countries are sharing their databases and are discussing appropriate data treatment procedures in order to develop products that may support water management in Europe. Various challenges have to be faced in order to build these EU-scale products. The first of them being the heterogeneity of data available in each country, including heterogeneity in density and frequency of molecules analyzed, in data formats used and additional but necessary information (metadata such as geological context, depth of wells…). Another ...

International audience ; Groundwater quantity and quality is of great importance for the economic development in Europe as it is the most important resource for drinking water, irrigation and industrial uses. Groundwater as such and as locally the main contributor to surface water is also a pillar to the ecosystem health. The quality of groundwater is linked to physico-chemical parameters such as temperature, pH, redox potential and the presence of dissolved elements from geogenic (natural) or anthropogenic origin. Initiated in July 2018, the Geoera project HOVER (horizon H2020, grant agreement N°731166) intends to link geological settings and hydrogeological processes to the natural quality of groundwater and the risk of transfer of anthropogenic dissolved elements to aquifers. Project findings are meant to increase political and public awareness and improve groundwater management at EU scale. Thus, information and communication technologies involved will allow producing thematic maps and web service tools at regional to pan-European scale that will be made available for a large public audience through the European Geological Data Infrastructure (http://www.europe-geology.eu/). The project is built around 6 main topics related to groundwater quality; high-concentration of dissolved elements of geogenic origin, microbial ecology in groundwater-surface water transition zones, nitrate and pesticide transfer, groundwater age distribution, vulnerability and emerging contaminants. Thirty partners from 27 countries are sharing their databases and are discussing appropriate data treatment procedures in order to develop products that may support water management in Europe. Various challenges have to be faced in order to build these EU-scale products. The first of them being the heterogeneity of data available in each country, including heterogeneity in density and frequency of molecules analyzed, in data formats used and additional but necessary information (metadata such as geological context, depth of wells…). Another ...

The growth of the weight of East Asia and Southeast Asia (hereinafter: the Far East) in the world economy seems unstoppable. For this macro-region, which is becoming the number one economic centre of the world, Europe is the second largest trade partner after North America. Due to its specific production culture and scarce natural resources, the procurement and trade sales markets of the Far East are mostly different geographically (also by continents). This short paper is only an examination of what are the natural, economic, political and logistical criteria of the goods transportation between the Far East, a region more and more appreciated in the foreign trade of Hungary and Europe on both traditional and newly created routes. For Hungary, a landlocked country, it does matter what routes can offer transportation, which is the most favourable from economic aspects and also the most reliable. In our paper, besides the analysis of infrastructure and goods flows in the Western Europe/EU/Far East relations, we also outline the possible directions and means of Hungary's joining the trans-Eurasian land and combined (sea/land) routes.

In France a relative vaccines distrust has been reported for a few years. The French government made on January 2018 an extension of mandatory vaccines (from 3 to 11) for infants under 24 months old. We aimed to evaluate how this new bill was perceived by the general population in Gap and if it modified their trust in vaccines perception. An anonymous paper questionnaire was freely available in 7 physicians offices waiting rooms in Gap and around between March and May 2019. 453 questionnaires were analyzed. Age was 45.5±16 years; there was a majority of female (78.4%) and parents (85.4%). On a 0-100 scale, the auto-evaluated confidence level in the vaccines was 75[50-90] ; it was lower for parents of children aged 3 or less (60[40-85] vs 80[50-90], p<0.001). 87.2% were aware of the extension of mandatory vaccines; 60.3% thought it was a good public heath policy but only 26.9% felt that the measure had been sufficiently explained. 24% completely agreed that the mandatory vaccination policy (MVP) was an individual freedoms restriction. 49.4% believed that the MVP was the result of the pharmaceutical firms lobbying onto the French government. 26% declared that the MVP has changed their position regarding vaccines; among this minority 78% declared that their position had shifted towards « less confidence ». These were younger than those who had shifted their perception towards « more confidence » (42.2±13 vs 51.8±16 years p=0.0036) and they had a lower median confidence in vaccines (50[25-70] vs 85[70-95], p<0.0001). ; Dans un contexte de relative défiance vis-à-vis des vaccins en France, un nouveau décret de loi a élargi en 2018 le nombre de vaccins obligatoires chez le nourrisson de 3 à 11 vaccins. Nous avons voulu déterminer si la population du Gapençais consultant en médecine générale, avait la perception que le passage à l'obligation vaccinale (OV) avait modifié sa confiance dans les vaccins. Un questionnaire anonyme en support papier a été déposé dans 7 cabinets de médecine générale du Gapençais du 1er mars au 6 mai 2019. 453 questionnaires ont pu être exploités ; âge moyen de 45,5±16 ans ; 78,4% de femmes, 85,4% de parents. Le niveau de confiance dans les vaccins (sur une échelle d'auto-évaluation de 0 à 100) était de 75[50-90] ; il était inférieur pour les parents d'enfants d'âge inférieur ou égal à 3 ans (60[40-85] vs 80[50-90], p<0,001). 87,2% avaient entendu parler de l'obligation vaccinale; 60,3% pensaient qu'il s'agissait d'une bonne mesure de santé publique, mais 26,9% estimaient que cette mesure avait été suffisamment expliquée. 24% répondaient que l'OV portait « tout à fait » atteinte aux libertés individuelles. 49,4% estimaient que l'OV était le résultat du lobbying de grands groupes pharmaceutiques envers le gouvernement. 26% déclaraient que l'OV avait modifié sa position vis-à-vis des vaccins ; parmi cette minorité, 78% déclaraient que leur position s'était infléchie vers « moins de confiance ». Ces derniers étaient plus jeunes que ceux qui avaient infléchi leur perception vers « plus de confiance » (42,2±13 vs 51,8±16 ans p=0,0036) ; ils avaient une médiane de confiance dans les vaccins plus faible (50[25-70] vs 85[70-95], p<0,0001).

In France a relative vaccines distrust has been reported for a few years. The French government made on January 2018 an extension of mandatory vaccines (from 3 to 11) for infants under 24 months old. We aimed to evaluate how this new bill was perceived by the general population in Gap and if it modified their trust in vaccines perception. An anonymous paper questionnaire was freely available in 7 physicians offices waiting rooms in Gap and around between March and May 2019. 453 questionnaires were analyzed. Age was 45.5±16 years; there was a majority of female (78.4%) and parents (85.4%). On a 0-100 scale, the auto-evaluated confidence level in the vaccines was 75[50-90] ; it was lower for parents of children aged 3 or less (60[40-85] vs 80[50-90], p<0.001). 87.2% were aware of the extension of mandatory vaccines; 60.3% thought it was a good public heath policy but only 26.9% felt that the measure had been sufficiently explained. 24% completely agreed that the mandatory vaccination policy (MVP) was an individual freedoms restriction. 49.4% believed that the MVP was the result of the pharmaceutical firms lobbying onto the French government. 26% declared that the MVP has changed their position regarding vaccines; among this minority 78% declared that their position had shifted towards « less confidence ». These were younger than those who had shifted their perception towards « more confidence » (42.2±13 vs 51.8±16 years p=0.0036) and they had a lower median confidence in vaccines (50[25-70] vs 85[70-95], p<0.0001). ; Dans un contexte de relative défiance vis-à-vis des vaccins en France, un nouveau décret de loi a élargi en 2018 le nombre de vaccins obligatoires chez le nourrisson de 3 à 11 vaccins. Nous avons voulu déterminer si la population du Gapençais consultant en médecine générale, avait la perception que le passage à l'obligation vaccinale (OV) avait modifié sa confiance dans les vaccins. Un questionnaire anonyme en support papier a été déposé dans 7 cabinets de médecine générale du Gapençais du 1er mars au 6 mai 2019. 453 questionnaires ont pu être exploités ; âge moyen de 45,5±16 ans ; 78,4% de femmes, 85,4% de parents. Le niveau de confiance dans les vaccins (sur une échelle d'auto-évaluation de 0 à 100) était de 75[50-90] ; il était inférieur pour les parents d'enfants d'âge inférieur ou égal à 3 ans (60[40-85] vs 80[50-90], p<0,001). 87,2% avaient entendu parler de l'obligation vaccinale; 60,3% pensaient qu'il s'agissait d'une bonne mesure de santé publique, mais 26,9% estimaient que cette mesure avait été suffisamment expliquée. 24% répondaient que l'OV portait « tout à fait » atteinte aux libertés individuelles. 49,4% estimaient que l'OV était le résultat du lobbying de grands groupes pharmaceutiques envers le gouvernement. 26% déclaraient que l'OV avait modifié sa position vis-à-vis des vaccins ; parmi cette minorité, 78% déclaraient que leur position s'était infléchie vers « moins de confiance ». Ces derniers étaient plus jeunes que ceux qui avaient infléchi leur perception vers « plus de confiance » (42,2±13 vs 51,8±16 ans p=0,0036) ; ils avaient une médiane de confiance dans les vaccins plus faible (50[25-70] vs 85[70-95], p<0,0001).