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AbstractThis article examines bank lobbying in the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS). While excessive bank lobbying is routinely linked to weakened banking regulations, we still know little about bank mobilization patterns. In particular, when and why do some banks lobby the BCBS while others do not? I argue that the decision to lobby is a function of two factors: banks' organizational characteristics and domestic banking regulations. I test my argument using a unique dataset of over 33,000 banks worldwide during the period in which Basel III was negotiated. My findings confirm a pronounced bias in bank mobilization patterns toward wealthy, internationally active banks. I also find that banks facing more stringent banking regulations at home tend to lobby the BCBS in an effort to level the playing field with international competitors. This effect is particularly salient for stringent regulations on banking activities as well as higher capital adequacy requirements.1

Los principios de verdad, justicia, y reparación deben ser el eje central durante la implementación de procesos de transición de la guerra a la  paz  y de la dictadura a la democracia. Pese a que en el Derecho Internacional se ha manifestado que  todo proceso transicional debe cumplir con los componentes mencionados, no existe una fórmula única que los Estados tengan en  cuenta  a  la  hora  de  iniciar  transiciones  de  esta  índole.  En  la  práctica  se  ha demostrado que durante las transiciones es menester realizar concesiones acordes con la realidad  particular  de  cada  Estado.  Estas  aquiescencias  deben  dar  prioridad  a  las necesidades de las víctimas y de la sociedad civil, pero a su vez es fundamental tener en cuenta los intereses de los victimarios que se han acogido al proceso. ; The principles of truth, justice and repair should be the core during implementation of transition processes from war to peace, and from a dictatorship to democracy. In spite of the fact that International Law has claimed that every transition process should comply with the above mentioned components, there is no a unique formula to be taken into account by the States at the time of starting this sort of transitions. Practice has demonstrated that during transitions it is necessary to grant concessions, according the particular situation of each State. Such concessions should assign priority to meet victim needs and the civil society, and in turn, it is fundamental to take into account those interests of perpetrators having participated in such process.

This Liber Amicorum in honour of Professor Christian Dominicé covers most of the topical problems of contemporary international law, in particular those related to the principles and fundamentals of international law, human rights and humanitarian law, institutional law and criminal international law.Ce Liber Amicorum en l'honneur du Professeur Christian Dominicé couvre certains des sujets les plus actuels du droit international, en particulier ceux ayant trait aux principes et fondamentaux du droit international, aux droits de l'homme et au droit humanitaire ou encore au droit institutionnel

This dissertation describes the International Women's Network Against Militarism's (IWNAM) political epistemology of security from an archival perspective, and how they create community archives to evidence this epistemology. This research examines records created by Women for Genuine Security (WGS) and Women's Voices Women Speak (WVWS), U.S. and Hawaii based partners of the IWNAM. These records document the emergence of the IWNAM between 1997 and 2012, as women from the countries of South Korea, Japan, Okinawa, Philippines, Australia, Republic of Belau, Guam, Marshall Islands, Hawaii, U.S., Puerto Rico, and Vieques shared information about the negative effects of militarism and strategies of resistance. By describing the archival systems of WGS and WVWS, insight on the IWNAM's knowledge production and archive creation processes are revealed. The archive is conceptualized as the expression of a record creator's "will," an immaterial force that materializes through the dynamic creation of records and recordkeeping systems that coordinate resources and labor to build organizations, institutions and infrastructures. The IWNAM archive is embedded in the Imperial Archive, an imperialist will that creates bi-lateral security agreements, such as the Status of Forces Agreements (SOFA) between the U.S. and South Korea and the U.S. and Japan; and the Visiting Forces Agreement (VFA) between the U.S. and the Philippines. The functions of these agreements are to adapt Westphalian philosophies of security, i.e. Eurocentric militaristic development and international relations, into new territories and contexts. Autoethnography, action research, and archival analysis were used to examine how the IWNAM's record creation and recordkeeping processes are driven by social practices and research to redefine security. The IWNAM archive is conceptualized as a complex adaptive system that facilitates public self-reflection on community embeddedness within militarized orders and creative agency to transform their conditions.

What determines the allocation of voting weights to member states in international organizations? What drives the seat and voting weight allocation in the European Parliament (EP) and in the Council of the European Union (EU)? Our objective in this article is to develop a universal logical model and to demonstrate that the resulting equation indeed captures negotiated outcomes on seat and voting weight allocations in EU institutions from their beginning. We predict seat and voting weight allocations for both the EP and the Council of the EU within one general model. Hence, we do not employ actual data on seat allocations or voting weights in either the EP or the Council of the EU, but instead, use logical constraints exclusively, as posed by the following elements: the total number of seats/voting weights (S), the number of member states (N) and, finally, their respective population size (P i). Only our final model selection among several theoretical options is guided by empirical information. With no post hoc parameters used, our model fits both the Council of the EU and the EP rather well, over a time span of nearly 40 years. Inspired by the 'seat-vote equation' (Taagepera, 1973) for seat allocation in national legislatures, the new 'seat-population equation' calculates the number (S i) of EP seats or Council voting weights of member state i as follows: S i = SP in/∑P in, where n = (1/logN - 1/log S)/(1/logN - 1/log P), P being the total population (as summed over all member states). We posit that this equation is applicable to predict outcomes in practice whenever voting weight or seat allocations in international organizations are allocated on the basis of the population shares of their component entities. © 2006 political studies association.

What determines the allocation of voting weights to member states in international organizations? What drives the seat and voting weight allocation in the European Parliament (EP) and in the Council of the European Union (EU)? Our objective in this article is to develop a universal logical model and to demonstrate that the resulting equation indeed captures negotiated outcomes on seat and voting weight allocations in EU institutions from their beginning. We predict seat and voting weight allocations for both the EP and the Council of the EU within one general model. Hence, we do not employ actual data on seat allocations or voting weights in either the EP or the Council of the EU, but instead, use logical constraints exclusively, as posed by the following elements: the total number of seats/voting weights (S), the number of member states (N) and, finally, their respective population size (P i). Only our final model selection among several theoretical options is guided by empirical information. With no post hoc parameters used, our model fits both the Council of the EU and the EP rather well, over a time span of nearly 40 years. Inspired by the 'seat-vote equation' (Taagepera, 1973) for seat allocation in national legislatures, the new 'seat-population equation' calculates the number (S i) of EP seats or Council voting weights of member state i as follows: S i = SP in/∑P in, where n = (1/logN - 1/log S)/(1/logN - 1/log P), P being the total population (as summed over all member states). We posit that this equation is applicable to predict outcomes in practice whenever voting weight or seat allocations in international organizations are allocated on the basis of the population shares of their component entities. © 2006 political studies association.

Preliminary Material /Maike Rotzoll, Gerrit Hohendorf, Petra Fuchs, Paul Richter, Christoph Mundt and Wolfgang U. Eckart -- Die nationalsozialistische »Euthanasie«-Aktion T4 und ihre Opfer /Maike Rotzoll, Gerrit Hohendorf and Petra Fuchs -- »Ein Feld der rationalen Vernichtungspolitik« /Wolfgang U. Eckart -- Die soziale Frage und der Diskurs um die »Euthanasie« /Klaus Dörner -- Deutscher Sonderweg? /Volker Roelcke -- Von den Illusionen der Mediziner zu den Maßnahmen der Manager /Peter Sandner -- Die Genesis der »Euthanasie« /Hans-Walter Schmuhl -- Neue Dokumentenfunde zur Organisation und Geheimhaltung der »Aktion T4« /Annette Hinz-Wessels -- Mitwissen und Kooperation /Michael von Cranach -- Das Funktionieren einer Tötungsanstalt /Brigitte Kepplinger and Hartmut Reese -- Von der »zentralen« zur »kooperativen Euthanasie« /Georg Lilienthal -- Die »Aktion T4« in Österreich /Wolfgang Neugebauer and Herwig Czech -- Die Reaktionen der Angehörigen und der Bevölkerung auf die »Aktion T4« /Thomas Stöckle -- Bestandsaufnahme: Die Haltung der Kirchen zu den NS-»Euthanasie«-Verbrechen /Theodor Strohm -- Forensische Patient/innen als Opfer der »Aktion T4« /Martin Roebel -- Jüdische Opfer der »Aktion T4« im Spiegel der überlieferten »Euthanasie«-Krankenakten im Bundesarchiv /Annette Hinz-Wessels -- »Gördener Forschungskinder«. NS-»Euthanasie« und Hirnforschung /Babette Reicherdt -- Die »Rückkehrer« aus Grafeneck in der Heil- und Pflegeanstalt Zwiefalten /Bodo Rüdenburg -- Die NS-»Euthanasie« in Böhmen und Mähren 1939-1942: Stand der Forschung /Michal Šimůnek -- Krankentötungen in Ostpreußen /Sascha Topp -- »Euthanasie«-Morde an polnischen Psychiatriepatient/innen während des Zweiten Weltkriegs /Witold Kulesza -- »Euthanasie«-Verbrechen in Oberschlesien /Dietmar Schulze -- The Nazi »Euthanasia« in Slovenia in 1941 /Bojan Himmelreich -- Krankenakten als Lebensgeschichten /Ulrich Müller and Corinna Wachsmann -- Selbstzeugnisse eines Opfers: Martin Bader /Helmut Bader -- Karoline J. – »Mein lieber Mann! Komm doch und hole mich sof ort raus« /Christine Dewitz -- »Ethischer Schwachsinn« /Stephanie Schmitt and Ulrich Müller -- Gustav S. – » Er sei nach Deutschland gekommen, um sich kurieren zu lassen« /Petra Fuchs -- Schikaniert und schaponiert. Karl Ahrendt, Kutscher ohne Gnadenbrot /Bettina Brand-Claussen and Maike Rotzoll -- Krankengeschichten als Quelle quantitativer Auswertungen /Thomas Beddies -- Statistik und historische Forschung. Das Beispiel des DFG-Projektes zur wissenschaftlichen Erschließung des Krankenaktenbestandes der » Aktion T4« /Paul Richter -- Opfer und -Oberlebende aus Regensburg /Harald Binder and Clemens Cording -- Normale Leute? Kollektivbiografische Anmerkungen zu den Tatern der NS-»Euthanasie« /Ute Hoffmann -- Die Meldebogen und ihre Gutachter /Ingo Harms -- Wahnsinn und Kalkül /Maike Rotzoll -- Zur Selektion von Kindern und Jugendlichen nach dem Kriterium der » Bildu.