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According to the author, while a tide of political and economic change has swept the USSR and Eastern Europe since mid-1989, Cuba has adamantly held on to a one-party political system and to orthodox central planning. He explores the implications for the Cuban economy of reforms in the foreign economic relations of USSR and Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Poland and Romania, and he scrutinizes the effects of the reforms in international economic relations that have already taken place, or are foreseeable, and the Cuban response to them

The book is designed for the students of undergraduate and postgraduate courses of History of various universities and also for various competitive examinations. The text skillfully pieces together all relevant information and presents them in a connected and readable narrative. The author has also described how different historians have interpreted the facts that will acquaint the students with the primary and secondary source materials. Thus the advanced students get some idea about the methodology of research.

Ashworth, L. M.: Interdisciplinarity and international relations. - S. 16-25 Ross, F.: Degrees of disciplibarity in comparative politics: interdisciplinarity, multidisciplinarity and borrowing. - S. 26-36 De Shalit, A.: Political philosophy and empirical political science: from foes to friends? - S. 37-46 Kelly, J.: What can interdisciplinarity offer to policy problems? Understanding the public policy of obesity. - S. 47-56

The institutions of the EU and NAFTA are critically analysed by leading American and European scholars. The book covers both the general problems of building new and integrated markets, and several policy areas that are related to economic integration. The institutions established in both Europe and America are seen as deficient in several respects. Without offering adequate replacements, the economic integration projects are actually undermining some of the core institutions that serve the needs of the market economies - institutions on which the integration process itself depends.

The new edition of this exciting textbook introduces students to the ways in which the theories and tools of international relations and other social science disciplines can be used to analyse and address global environmental problems. Kate O'Neill develops an innovative historical and analytical framework for understanding global environmental issues, integrating insights from different disciplines, and she identifies the main actors and their roles, thereby encouraging readers to engage with the issues and equip themselves with the knowledge they need to apply their own critical insights. Revised and updated, the new edition features new figures, examples, textboxes, and a new chapter on the emergence and politics of market mechanisms as a new mode of global environmental governance. The latest developments in the field, including the December 2015 Paris Climate Agreement, along with new perspectives and recent thinking, are incorporated throughout. This will be invaluable for students of environmental issues both from political science and environmental studies perspectives.

Cause is a problematic concept in social science, as in all fields of knowledge. We organise information in terms of cause and effect to impose order on the world, but this can impede a more sophisticated understanding. In his latest book, Richard Ned Lebow reviews understandings of cause in physics and philosophy and concludes that no formulation is logically defensible and universal in its coverage. This is because cause is not a feature of the world but a cognitive shorthand we use to make sense of it. In practice, causal inference is always rhetorical and must accordingly be judged on grounds of practicality. Lebow offers a new approach - 'inefficient causation' - that is constructivist in its emphasis on the reasons people have for acting as they do, but turns to other approaches to understand the aggregation of their behaviour. This novel approach builds on general understandings and idiosyncratic features of context

We elaborate a little noticed strategy generally used by weaker actors both in domestic and international politics: the ethical trap. Actors who fall into such traps lose ethical standing and influence at home as well as abroad. We explore the concept of the trap and distinguish it from policy interventions and escalation in which there is no deliberate enticement. We document historical instances of successful ethical trapping both within states and between them. We also discuss traps that were not sprung. We contend that ethical traps have become an increasingly salient feature of contemporary asymmetrical warfare both within states and internationally. We conclude with some propositions about the global practice in which ethical traps are set and the conditions in which they are likely to succeed and some observations about the relative vulnerability of liberal and non-liberal regimes to these traps. This in turn says something important about the practical consequences of ethical violations in international affairs.