Suchergebnisse

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal analisar a evolução dos indicadores sociais dos municípios do Agreste Meridional, no intuito de identificar a influência da implantação da Universidade Federal do Agreste de Pernambuco na região. Especialmente buscou-se observar os efeitos sociais da implantação da UFAPE, para o município de Garanhuns, onde está sediada, bem como para os demais municípios do Agreste Meridional, buscando avaliar a progressão desses efeitos para o desenvolvimento social da região como um todo. Para isso, além do Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano - IDH, também foram analisados os indicadores de Educação dos municípios do Agreste Meridional como os índices Firjam de Desenvolvimento Municipal – IFDM-Educação, que avalia o grau de desenvolvimento da educação dos municípios brasileiros, e o percentual de docentes com formação superior, no intuito de observar a melhoria do capital humano atuante nas escolas da região. Assim, apoiando-se em literatura pertinente e nos indicadores expostos, foi possível apontar para as influências da UFAPE nas transformações da dinâmica social dos municípios do Agreste Meridional.

Studies of economic development & economic history have long been concerned with the relationship between the transparent & supposedly anonymous forces of markets, rules, & bureaucracies, on the one hand, & membership in groups, such as local communities, associations, or networks on the other. Economists are quite divided about these latter forces: for some, they are necessary underpinnings for the market, providing trust & social capital which in turn reduce transaction costs & moral hazards & hence promote development; for most, they are seen as archaic, leading to nepotism, rent seeking, & institutional rigidity. Indeed, throughout the social sciences, there is an opposition between the roles assigned to what may be called the "societal" & the "communitarian" bases of social & economic development. But each position in this theoretical standoff underestimates the contributions of either society or community to economic development. This is because both society & community have potentially positive & negative effects; together, however, they can act as mutual checks & balances on their potentially negative effects, while reinforcing the positive contributions of each to economic efficiency. Different levels & types of society & community, in interaction, define complex contexts of choice & incentives in economic development, & allow us to see more clearly the basis of different institutional configurations in relationship to development. 2 Figures, 97 References. Adapted from the source document.

Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Table of Contents -- Abstract -- Acronyms -- List of Figures -- Introduction -- (i) Background, problem statement and justification -- (ii) Overview of the study area -- (iii) A brief recap of state of the art -- (iv) Objectives, research questions and hypotheses -- (v) Significance and general methodological approach -- (vi) Thesis outline -- Part I Forest Transition Theory and Pathway-Policies -- 1 Forest Transition Theory - Pathways to Forest Sustainability -- 1.1 Underlying Causes of Forest Transition - The core Pathways -- 1.2 A Growing Necessity of Policy and Incentive Packages -- 1.3 Detecting and Digesting the Central Transitional Pillars -- 1.4 Governance Context and Importance of Institutions -- 1.5 Comparative Cases for Analysis -- 2 Globalization Pathway Policies and Institutional Framework -- 2.1 Global Interconnectivity, Institutions and Mentalities -- 2.2 Livelihood/Ecological Transition and Deficiencies -- 2.3 Agriculture and Deficiencies -- 2.4 Transitional Financing and Deficiencies -- 3 Domestic Pathway Policies and Institutional Framework -- 3.1 Historical Context and Governance Actors -- 3.2 Collaboration/Participation and Related Deficiencies -- 3.3 Tenure and Related Deficiencies -- 3.3.1 Land Tenure -- 3.3.2 Tree Tenure -- Part II Cases From The High Forest Zone And Recommendations -- 4 From Deficiencies to Syndrome: A Case Study of Policies in Practice -- 4.1 The Case of Agriculture -- 4.1.1 Arable Land Availability -- 4.1.2 The Youth, Agriculture and "the Floodgate of Illegality" -- 4.2 The Case of Livelihood/Ecological Transition -- 4.2.1 Human Capital -- 4.2.2 Social Capital -- 4.2.3 Economic/Financial Capital -- 4.3 The Case of Collaboration/Participation -- 4.3.1 People's Participation -- 4.3.2 Equitable Sharing -- 4.3.3 Transparency and Accountability.

Intro -- Conceptualizing the World -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Illustrations -- Introduction. The World as Concept and Object of Knowledge -- Part I. Naming the World -- Chapter 1. "World" -- Chapter 2. A Multiverse of Knowledge -- Chapter 3. Globalization of Human Conscience -- Chapter 4. Creating World through Concept Learning -- Chapter 5. Between Metaphor and Geopolitics -- Chapter 6. On the Dialectics of Ecological World Concepts -- Part II. Ordering the World -- Chapter 7. The Emergence of International Law and the Opening of World Order -- Chapter 8. "Natural Capital," "Human Capital," "Social Capital" -- Chapter 9. The Worlds in Human Rights -- Chapter 10. Democracy of the "New World" -- Chapter 11. The Immanent World -- Chapter 12. From Critical to Partisan Dictionaries -- or, What Is Excluded from Today's Flat World Orthodoxies -- Part III. Timing the World -- Chapter 13. At Home or Away -- Chapter 14. Extensions of World Heritage -- Chapter 15. The End of the World -- Chapter 16. Time and Space in World Literature -- Part IV. Mapping the World -- Chapter 17. Middle Age of the Globe -- Chapter 18. The Champion of the North -- Chapter 19. The Search for Vínland and Norse Conceptions of the World -- Chapter 20. The Cartographic Constitution of Global Politics -- Chapter 21. The Individual and the "Intellectual Globe" -- Part V. Making the World -- Chapter 22. The World as Sphere -- Chapter 23. The Fontenellian Moment -- Chapter 24. Fixating the Poles -- Chapter 25. The Norwegian Who Became a Globe -- Index

The purposes of this study are: To find out the victory and electability factor of Royal Simanjuntak from PKB to become a Member of the DPRD of North Tapanuli Regency in the 2019 Election To understand the electability factor of Royal Simanjuntak in the 2019 Election. The type of this research is qualitative research. The strategy carried out by Royal Simanjuntak in his victory in the 2019 Legislative Election is by maximizing 9 elements of political marketing, the 9 elements are segmentation, positioning, policy, person, party, presentation, pull marketing, pass marketing and push marketing. Using political marketing strategies through political communication channels, namely, face-to-face and door-to-door activities. This door to door strategy is very effective and helps the process of attracting prospective voters because apart from being known to prospective voters, Royal can directly discuss and witness the situation of the community more closely. Royal Simanjuntak!'s victory in the 2019 election, apart from a good political marketing strategy, was also influenced by Royal's socio-political modalities. Socio-political modalities in the form of political capital, social capital and economic capital are very effective in winning political contestations. conceptually it is said that the synergy of these three socio-political modalities is very significant in influencing the victory of a candidate. The modalities that were managed and organized effectively by Royal simanjuntak had a significant influence on its victory in the 2019 elections.

The purpose of this study is to describe and explain the origins, causes and impacts of the emergence of dynastic politics in Mangaledang Lama Village, Portibi District, Padang Lawas Utara Regency. The form of this research is qualitative research with descriptive analysis, to describe and explain in depth the origins, causes and impacts of the dynastic politics. The result of the research states that starting from Daman Huri Siregar who was elected as village head from 2001 - 2011 (two periods), after that there was a desire to rule by passing his power to his own younger brother through the election of the village head. The contributing factor is the ownership of economic capital that is financially stable, has social capital such as a strong network among the community, has symbolic capital, namely the siregar clan which is known as the dominant ruling clan so that when compared to other clans, it is far less in number than the siregar clan. The impact is that power only circulates in the family itself, so that opportunities / opportunities for other people to get rights in the political and governmental sphere are not obtained. Therefore dynastic politics will be very detrimental to others and have an impact on a good system of government and a democratic system because opportunities for people who are capable and capable do not get opportunities in the political process.

This article is concerned with the linkages between the livelihoods of tea smallholders and domestic value chains in Indonesia. Theoretically, our empirical inquiry is informed by an integration of the sustainable livelihoods approach and value chain analyses. This enables a better investigation of micro (livelihoods) — meso (industry) — macro (national and international trends and political economy) interdependencies and interactions. In addition to value chains and socioeconomic challenges, tea smallholders in Indonesia are also confronted with droughts due to climate change and the 2015–2016 El Niño. The empirical work consisted of 36 semi-structured interviews in Girimukti village in West Java; a remote village relatively far from urban markets. Overall, our analysis demonstrates that tea smallholders are not poor, but are in a vulnerable position and remain far below the level of a stable lower-middle class. The smallholders lack human and financial capital and growing tea is not supported by horizontal coordination/social capital. In contrast, a few wealthy tea agripreneurs have established themselves as providers of inputs, intermediaries, tea drying factories, informal rural banks and village philanthropists. In other words, Girimukti is host to a process of increasing rural inequality driven by endogenous actors who are able to accumulate and concentrate tea assets and position themselves as essential nodes within the domestic tea value chain. The adaptive strategy of rural-urban migration from Girimukti to escape rural marginalisation is unattractive because of relatively low human capital levels.

Using questionnaire data obtained from a sample of state government managers, our study examines social capital foci (network ties) of mentoring relations. Others have shown that network ties are relevant to career development and advance. We begin with the assumption that enhanced network ties are generally beneficial. We investigate variation in mentorships, which enhance network ties within the focal organization and within organizations external to the focal organization. We examine a number of factors hypothesized as shaping the relationship between mentoring and the development of network ties, including attributes of the protégé and of the mentoring relationship. Our results show that the sex of the protégé and of the mentor does not affect the quantity of network ties conveyed. However, relationships in which protégé and mentor sex is matched provide more network ties. Counter to our expectations, there is no significant difference in the amount and focus of network ties accruing from formal, organizationally sanctioned mentoring and informal mentoring.

After increasing for years and reaching high levels, Brazil's subjective well-being deteriorated following the economic contraction in 2015. Using data from the Gallup World Poll for the 2010s, this paper identifies the factors that underpin Brazil's subjective well-being and its change, paying special attention to heterogeneity across population groups. Having sufficient income, financial security, economic optimism, satisfaction with living standards and health services, social capital, tertiary education, and digital access are the main factors associated with subjective well-being. These factors matter to different extents along the income distribution and across generations and space. The decline in subjective well-being since 2015 was heterogeneous and more pronounced among men, rural residents, and the old. Economic expectations increased in importance as they assumed a greater role in people's preferences, especially those of men, and more people grew pessimistic about the economic outlook. The decline in subjective well-being and the switch in voter support from one end of the political spectrum to the other in the 2018 general elections were both associated with the grievances triggered by the economic and leadership crisis of the mid-2010s. These grievances signal an erosion in the support for the social contract in place since the 1990s and the need to renew it.

Regarding the unemployment and its injurious individual and group consequences, many proposals have been thought, among them the cooperatives like a worthy option to generate employment and income. The constant complaints of the traditional industrialists are about the complexities of the Colombian labour regime; in arder to overcome the obstacles, the joint sector offers alternatives for the Colombian people, specially for professionals, with forms of organization that improve the conditions for the worker and turn him into the owner of production means, with forms of organization of capital through such as associations and owners, which implies new regulations to ease their inclusion in the formal economy, named Cooperative of Associated Work, CTA. The gap between theory and practice must be analysed in the joint sector because while their postulates give main importance to the worker as creator, actually the complaints of professionals refer to the accelerated growth in the number of CTA that are contracting the people like workers and not like associates, they evade the payments as creators and assimilate them to the common labour legislation, the CTA are not created by initiative of workers but by suggestion of the companies so that workers are used like outsourcing and companies evade its labour obligations. This associative figure , without the fissures that are attributed to it, would be a very good option against the unemployment of the Colombian professionals. ; Ante la situación de desempleo y sus nocivas consecuencias de orden individual y grupal se han ideado muchas propuestas, entre ellas el cooperativismo como opción digna de generación de ocupación e ingresos. Las quejas constantes de los empresarios tradicionales se refieren a las complejidades del régimen laboral colombiano; para salvar los obstáculos el sector solidario ofrece alternativas para los colombianos, en especial profesionales, con formas de organización que mejoran las condiciones para el trabajador y lo convierten en dueño de medios de producción, con formas de organización de capital mediante la asociación y la aparición de propietarios que suponen nuevas regulaciones a fin de facilitar su inclusión en la economía formal, llamadas Cooperativas de Trabajo Asociado (CTA). Se debe abordar el análisis de la brecha entre teoría y práctica del sector solidario, ya que mientras sus postulados dan principal importancia al trabajador como gestor en la práctica las quejas de los profesionales, se refieren a que hay un crecimiento acelerado en el número de CTA que están contratando a las personas como trabajadores y no como asociados, evaden los pagos como gestores y los asimilan a la legislación laboral común, no se crean las CTA por iniciativa de trabajadores sino por sugerencia de las empresas para que presten sus servicios como outsourcing y evaden sus obligaciones laborales. Esta figura asociativa, sin las fisuras que se le atribuyen, sería una muy buena opción ante el desempleo de los profesionales colombianos.

Nel 1945 viene pubblica presso le Nuove Edizioni Ivrea il libro L'ordine politico delle Comunità, che rappresenta il fondamentale lascito teorico di Adriano Olivetti. Il libro raccoglie le riflessioni sull'organizzazione dello Stato, compiute dall'industriale piemontese durante gli anni del confino svizzero: secondo Olivetti al centro dell'organizzazione dello Stato deve essere la Comunità concreta, da lui intesa come unità organica economica, amministrativa e politica, animata da un contenuto sociale e da un fine morale e spirituale. Costituisce la dimensione entro cui l'agire economico può, concretamente, porsi l'obiettivo di favorire la complementarietà e l'armonica integrazione delle espressioni della vita umana. Sulla scia della pubblicazione del libro e della sua diffusione, si fonda nel 1948 a Torino il Movimento Comunità. Elemento peculiare dell'esperienza Olivetti è innanzitutto l'aver prodotto un ampliamento del movente del lavoro. Adriano Olivetti osa porsi la domanda decisiva, che non è "quanto vale il lavoro?", ma "che cosa vale?". La sua risposta, altrettanto coraggiosa, è: tradurre in progresso civile i risultati del processo produttivo. In altre parole, rendere fertile il rapporto del lavoro e del capitale con l'interezza dell'essere umano. Nonostante l'Olivetti nella seconda metà degli anni '50 anticipi l'impresa globalizzata (conta 18 stabilimenti e filiali in tutto il mondo), Adriano rimane sempre fedele a una visione di società umana, solidarista, personalista: il fine dell'impresa è irriducibile al puro profitto. La fabbrica nasce per allargare responsabilmente il suo sguardo sul mondo e si sviluppa per poter ridistribuire gran parte dei profitti facendoli ritornare alla comunità circostante. E ciò non solo attraverso il semplice aumento dei salari, ma promuovendo in tutti i suoi aspetti, sia materiali che spirituali, l'armonico sviluppo dell'essere umano. Per Adriano la fabbrica esiste innanzitutto per creare e diffondere, al proprio interno e nella realtà circostante, una sempre maggiore qualità di vita, qualità che egli articola in valori scientifici, etici, estetici, economici. L'ordine politico delle Comunità è infatti un progetto di riforma costituzionale dello Stato italiano. Esso dà corpo a un'idea di organizzazione politico-istituzionale senza partiti, che condensa in sé un impianto federalista, un'ispirazione marxista e, segnatamente, un'impostazione elitista nella selezione dei rappresentanti politici. I principi filosofici e cristiani costituiscono, invece, il crogiuolo all'interno del quale si fondono questi tre elementi. Uomo di profonda sensibilità religiosa, a partire dal pensiero di Maritain, Mounier, de Rougemont, Saint-Exupéry, Olivetti si fa portatore di un appassionato tentativo di applicare alle dinamiche economiche il concetto di "Persona", che nasce da una vocazione, dalla consapevolezza cioè del compito che ogni uomo ha nella società terrena. Non si può comprendere infatti il pensiero e l'esperienza olivettiana se sfugge il suo aspetto più essenziale e rivoluzionario: per Adriano l'agire economico d'impresa si inscrive in un più vasto progetto di carattere spirituale. A distanza di oltre cinquant'anni dal suo prodursi, l'esperienza Olivetti mantiene, a dispetto e nonostante il diffuso cinismo economicistico, del tutto intatto il suo fascino e la sua assoluta modernità. Che, anzi, cresce di anno in anno a fronte dell'impasse in cui si trova un pensiero economico e imprenditoriale incapace di raccogliere e proseguire quanto pensato e realizzato da Adriano: non più l'uomo adattato alla produzione, ma la produzione adattata alla complessità e alla dignità della vita umana.

Intro -- Contents -- Foreword -- Maps, Figures, Tables -- Notes on Contributors -- Introduction Professional Mobility as a Defining Characteristic of Pre-Modern Islamic Societies -- Part 1 Networks of Knowledge and Learning -- Chapter 1 Medinan Scholars on the Move: Professional Mobility at the Umayyad Court -- Chapter 2 Professional Mobility and Social Capital: A Note on the muḥaddithāt in Kitāb Tārīkh Baghdād -- Chapter 3 The Aqīt Household: Professional Mobility of a Berber Learned Elite in Premodern West Africa -- Part 2 Social Mobility and Professionalization -- Chapter 4 The Professional Mobility of Qāḍī ʿAbd al-Jabbār between the Quest for Knowledge and the Confluence with Power -- Chapter 5 Mobility and Versatility of the ʿulamāʾ in the Mamluk Period: The Case of Ibn Taymiyya -- Chapter 6 Mobility among the Andalusī quḍāt: Social Advancement and Spatial Displacement in a Professional Context -- Part 3 Power, Politics, and Mobility -- Chapter 7 Imām al-Ḥaramayn al-Juwaynī's Mobility and the Saljūq's Project of Sunnī Political Unity -- Chapter 8 Iran's State Literature under Afghan Rule (1722-1729) -- Chapter 9 Islamic Political Thought and Professional Mobility: The Intellectual and Empirical Worlds of Ibn Ṭalḥa and Ibn Jamāʿa -- Index.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Maps -- Foreword -- Introduction -- 1. Rise and Changes of Italian Local Development -- 1.1 Three Stages of Local Development in Third Italy -- 1.2 The Stage of Spontaneous Local Development -- 1.3 The Stage of Maturity: Industrial Districts and Local Institutions -- 1.4 Decline or Breakthrough? -- 1.5 Short Conclusion -- 2. Ruptured Events and Social Practices in Italian Local Development -- 2.1 Local Development and the Social Rooting of the Economy -- 2.2 Modernization and Local Development: A Difficult Relationship -- 2.3 Economy and Society: Social Capital and Trust -- 2.3.1 The Collective Dimension -- 2.3.2 The Individual Dimension -- 2.4 Market Modernization -- 2.5 Cultures of Consumption and Local Development -- 3. Polycentrism and Institutions -- 3.1 The Geographically Small and Provincial -- 3.2 The Polycentric Roots of Political Elites -- 3.3 Federalist Decentralization and Multi-Level Government -- 3.4 Chaotic Polycentrism -- 3.5 Institutional Performance and the Governance of Socio-Economic Development -- 3.6 Immobility and Decline: The Past and Present of a Country Split Between North and South -- 3.7 Political Autonomy without Economic Development: The Eclipse of Decentralization -- Conclusion -- Afterword.