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Microcredit is part of a global trend of financial inclusion that brings banking services, especially small loans, to the world's poor. In this book, Caroline Schuster explores Paraguayan solidarity lending as a window into the tensions between social development and global finance.Social Collateral tracks collective debt across the commercial society and smuggling economies at the Paraguayan border by examining group loans made to women by nonprofit development programs. These highly regulated loans are secured through mutual support and peer pressure-social collateral-rather than through physical collateral. This story of social collateral necessarily includes an interwoven account about the feminization of solidarity lending. At its core is an economy of gender-from pink-collar financial work, to men's committees, to women smugglers. At stake are interdependencies that bind borrowers and lenders, financial technologies, and Paraguayan development in ways that structure both global inequality and global opportunity

With the economic changes in Beni-Isguen, Algeria, brought about by the integration of the Mzabite community into the surrounding nation, has come a corresponding shift in the traditional situation of women. Formerly, Mzabite women existed under a system of strictly enforced sanctions that resulted in a community distinguished by exceptional social cohesiveness. The religious institution through which sanctions are applied to the women is called the Azzabat; social, religious & moral controls are achieved by the threat of isolation for those who deviate from the norms. These norms have to do with such areas as the women's sexual conduct, observance of religious duties, being treated by an physician, traveling outside the community, as well as the education of girls. Women in wealthy situations now tend to ignore the Azzabat & lead lives of relative freedom, whereas those women in lower income families, often economically dependent on in-laws, find themselves still under the domination of their mothers-in-law who have direct & frequent contact with the Azzabat. D. Abrahams.

Abstract Universal coverage by health services is one of the core obligations that any legitimate government should fulfil vis-à-vis its citizens. However, universal coverage may not in itself ensure universal access to health care. Among the many challenges to ensuring universal coverage as well as access to health care are structural inequalities by caste, race, ethnicity and gender. Based on a review of published literature and applying a gender-analysis framework, this paper highlights ways in which the policies aimed at promoting universal coverage may not benefit women to the same extent as men because of gender-based differentials and inequalities in societies. It also explores how 'gender-blind' organisation and delivery of health care services may deny universal access to women even when universal coverage has been nominally achieved. The paper then makes recommendations for addressing these.

As issues of citizenship and civil society have taken center-stage in recent years – partly as a result of the challenges of globalization, and partly as a result of democratic struggles in various parts of the world – the question of women's citizenship has assumed prominence. Some feminist scholars stress the longstanding struggle of women for rights and empowerment (Lister, 1997; Narayan, 1997; Yuval-Davis, 1999). Others argue that the autonomous, rights-bearing citizen is a Western construct, and that citizenship and civil society are patriarchal and capitalistic constructs (Pateman, 1988). Nevertheless, rights, citizenship, civil society, and democratization are increasingly in demand in developing countries, including the Arab world. For women, citizenship concerns social standing, political participation, and national membership. Empirically, women's citizenship is reflected in their legal status, in access to employment and income, in the extent of their participation in formal politics, and in the formation of women's organizations.

Trafficking in women. AIDS attacks women. The feminization of international migration. Japanese-Filipino children and Japanese society. Women break the silence on domestic violence. The Philippines development plan. Forced eviction of people and communities. Thai village women protest eucalyptus plantations and shrimp cultivation. Indigenous people fight deforestation and dam construction in Sarawak. Taiwan and Thailand: the other side of the travel boom. An alternative Negros: the Philippines. Women's linkage: Hong Kong and China. Weaving the village future: Thailand. The wind of change in a mountain village: Nepal. Turning pain into power: Korea

Vividly recounting the lives of enslaved women in eighteenth-century Bridgetown, Barbados, and their conditions of confinement through urban, legal, sexual, and representational power wielded by slave owners, authorities, and the archive, Marisa J. Fuentes challenges how histories of vulnerable and invisible subjects are written.

Dedication -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Introduction: Gender, Law, and Politics in Jordan -- Introduction -- Women, Colonialism, and the Creation of a Masculine State in Jordan -- The Politics of Gender in the Democratization Process -- Theoretical and Conceptual Considerations -- Alternative Forms of Femininity -- Practices of Femininity in Women's Everyday Life -- Sites, Surroundings, and Research Participants -- Structure of the Book -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 2: Constructing Normative Femininity: The Engagement of Law and Religious Interpretations -- Introduction

Three months ago I wrote a short post here using some new data the Reserve Bank had started to publish on the monthly payments Treasury was making to the Reserve Bank as the losses were gradually realised on the huge portfolio of bonds the Bank and MPC had run up in 2020 and 2021 (the … Continue reading The $11bn men and women of the MPC

It is the contention of this article that women parliamentarians in Iran have benefited from the democratic process and have, in effect, presented an important political opposition, whose impact on policy and legislation has been considerably greater than the sparse numbers of seats they have had. Part of the reason for their success lies in their ability to collaborate across the secular/Islamic divide and to locate their demands centrally within the Islamic discourse. (Parliamentary Affairs / FUB)

International audience ; In contemporary capitalism, inequality of wealth is increasing. Some upper-class families appropriate economic capital and pass it on to their children, while others are permanently deprived of it. At the same time, while women have largely entered the labor market and the gender pay gap is on the political agenda in all Western countries, the gender wealth gap is not closing, quite the opposite. In this chapter we explore family wealth arrangements in France. Estate planning and marital breakdowns are two moments when families and legal professionals strive to preserve real estate and businesses, or to minimize taxes. For this purpose, they produce inventories, estimations and distributions of assets which end up disadvantaging women, even though shares may appear to be formally equal. Reversed accounting is a common logic of practice, in which the result comes first and computation only after, as a means to legitimize the sharing that has been (forcefully) agreed on. Thus, it is not only the wealth of the upper class that is underestimated, but more particularly men's wealth. Those mechanisms contribute to impoverish women. We conclude that class society reproduces itself thanks to the male appropriation of capital.

International audience ; In contemporary capitalism, inequality of wealth is increasing. Some upper-class families appropriate economic capital and pass it on to their children, while others are permanently deprived of it. At the same time, while women have largely entered the labor market and the gender pay gap is on the political agenda in all Western countries, the gender wealth gap is not closing, quite the opposite. In this chapter we explore family wealth arrangements in France. Estate planning and marital breakdowns are two moments when families and legal professionals strive to preserve real estate and businesses, or to minimize taxes. For this purpose, they produce inventories, estimations and distributions of assets which end up disadvantaging women, even though shares may appear to be formally equal. Reversed accounting is a common logic of practice, in which the result comes first and computation only after, as a means to legitimize the sharing that has been (forcefully) agreed on. Thus, it is not only the wealth of the upper class that is underestimated, but more particularly men's wealth. Those mechanisms contribute to impoverish women. We conclude that class society reproduces itself thanks to the male appropriation of capital.

International audience ; In contemporary capitalism, inequality of wealth is increasing. Some upper-class families appropriate economic capital and pass it on to their children, while others are permanently deprived of it. At the same time, while women have largely entered the labor market and the gender pay gap is on the political agenda in all Western countries, the gender wealth gap is not closing, quite the opposite. In this chapter we explore family wealth arrangements in France. Estate planning and marital breakdowns are two moments when families and legal professionals strive to preserve real estate and businesses, or to minimize taxes. For this purpose, they produce inventories, estimations and distributions of assets which end up disadvantaging women, even though shares may appear to be formally equal. Reversed accounting is a common logic of practice, in which the result comes first and computation only after, as a means to legitimize the sharing that has been (forcefully) agreed on. Thus, it is not only the wealth of the upper class that is underestimated, but more particularly men's wealth. Those mechanisms contribute to impoverish women. We conclude that class society reproduces itself thanks to the male appropriation of capital.

International audience ; In contemporary capitalism, inequality of wealth is increasing. Some upper-class families appropriate economic capital and pass it on to their children, while others are permanently deprived of it. At the same time, while women have largely entered the labor market and the gender pay gap is on the political agenda in all Western countries, the gender wealth gap is not closing, quite the opposite. In this chapter we explore family wealth arrangements in France. Estate planning and marital breakdowns are two moments when families and legal professionals strive to preserve real estate and businesses, or to minimize taxes. For this purpose, they produce inventories, estimations and distributions of assets which end up disadvantaging women, even though shares may appear to be formally equal. Reversed accounting is a common logic of practice, in which the result comes first and computation only after, as a means to legitimize the sharing that has been (forcefully) agreed on. Thus, it is not only the wealth of the upper class that is underestimated, but more particularly men's wealth. Those mechanisms contribute to impoverish women. We conclude that class society reproduces itself thanks to the male appropriation of capital.