Suchergebnisse

Hand-colored postcard. "I hope you are all well, best regards to all. 3F.A. leaves Brownsville, 1917." " Old Fort Brown is situated on the bank of the Rio Grande, south of the city of Brownsville and was constructed by General Taylor and his entire command in 1846. During the battle with Mexicans May 8th and 9th, 1846, it was defended by about fifty American soldiers under Major Jacob Brown who was killed in action. The Fort was named after him. The Fort Brown Reservation consists of 285 acres enclosed partially by a brick wall about six feet high. The Cemetery, situated on the little island in the garrison reservation, from 1865 to 1909 was the testing place of many of Taylor's men who was killed in battle, and those who died at Matamoros thereafter. Also, until 1909 it was used as a National Cemetery and contained the bodies of many Union Soldiers killed in Texas during the war between the American States. The bodies were removed to Alexandria, La., during 1909, under the direction of General John L. Clem. The Original Buildings which composed the garrison were set afire by General H. P. Bee, on November 3, 1863 and destroyed. The present buildings were erected in 1868. BROWNSVILLE, TEXAS. Brownsville, Cameron County Texas, is situated on the Rio Grande twenty miles from the Gulf of Mexico. Just across the Rio Grande is Matamoros, Mexico, which is a very old and ancient town. The town site of Brownsville was covered with cactus when General Taylor triumphantly entered the territory May 9th, 1846. Only a few Mexican Families were living in their Jacales, about where the City Water Works now stands. The first building after American occupation still stands on the northeast corner of Twelfth and Levee Streets. The Rio Grande Railroad from Brownsville to Point Isabel, a narrow gage railroad with wood burning locomotives, was completed and first operated May 1st, 1872. St. Louis, Brownville and Mexico Railway was completed from Robstown to Brownsville, June 1904. The International Bridge across the Rio Grande between Brownsville, Texas and Matamoros, Mexico was completed in 1909. The Cameron County Court House was erected in the year of 1912 at a cost of two hundred thousand dollars. It is the most beautiful building in Southern Texas. The Post Office, known as the Federal Building was completed and first occupied November 1st, 1892. The First National Bank and The Merchants National Bank Buildings were both built and occupied the same year, 1912. The Old Market House between Washington and Adams Streets was built in 1858; remodeled 1911. Extracts from "Frank C. Pierce's Brief History of the Lower Rio Grande Valley" ; https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/renetorres/1016/thumbnail.jpg

Abstract
This two-part Special Issue has examined the migration–sovereignty nexus in the context of intra-regional migration in Asia, with specific focus on Southeast Asia ('Special Issue'). The sub-region represents the perfect laboratory for teasing out the complexities involved in (actual and rhetorical) attempts made by states to control and regulate migration in what has become a space characterised by increasing diversity of (collective and individual) actors operating at various levels. The diversity, complexity and breadth of migratory movements discussed in this Special Issue thus constitute one of the policy fields where the sovereignty norm clashes with the need to manage interdependence. The seven empirical studies in this Special Issue have examined current political, economic, social and legal dimensions of migration in Southeast Asia from an interdisciplinary perspective, linking the discussion of the migration–sovereignty nexus to 'regional migration regimes', 'the transnational–national intersection' and 'grass-roots responses'. The common message that emerges from the papers in this issue—that state sovereignty in the area of migration is being challenged from multiple levels—leads us to argue for a future research agenda which would align the study of sovereignty more closely with governance studies as well as studies on norm diffusion. Such an agenda would contribute new insights into emerging forms of sovereignty beyond the confines of the state.

This project uses a multidisciplinary approach to analyze different forms of modern-day slavery, with a focus on sex trafficking. More specifically, it examines how historical slavery has transformed into modern-day slavery and it illuminates similarities and differences between historical slavery and modern-day slavery. In my work, I also studied the underlying causes of modern-day slavery, by analyzing various factors that affect slavery. Lastly, my work examines the existing legal and political instruments that confront and combat slavery. Finally, in this project, I reflect and discuss the lack of effective programs that work towards the reparation of victims. I came up with my main questions that would motivate my research and analysis, by performing extensive reading from a wide array of sources. In the process, I discovered that some forms of modern slavery stem from long-lasting colonial legacies. Hence, some forms of contemporary slavery are indeed remnants of earlier slavery that remained intact, but have transformed to fit our present time or have influenced the development of modern forms of slavery. For example, many of the characteristics that define modern day sex trafficking were visible during the trans-Atlantic slave trade. Finally, this project also reveals several causes and factors that allow for modern-day slavery to flourish, and they include the effects of the global political economy, influences from some cultural and religious practices, women's inferior status, lack of proper law-enforcement and persistent law and border patrol corruption. Furthermore, this project illustrates that the most effective legal and political instruments for combating slavery are the Palermo Protocol and the United States Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act. The findings indicate that these mechanisms were mildly successful at eradicating modern-day slavery. Lastly, the results demonstrate that in terms of reparation and justice for slave victims, protections programs like "T" visas in the U.S. are available to aid victims; however, this does not fully protect the victims--they are continue to be treated as "instruments" for criminal investigations, instead of being treated as victims with rights that were violated. This project concludes with several recommendations for combating different forms of contemporary slavery, including but not limited to alleviating poverty, including domestic workers in equal protection labor laws, inverting risk-rewarding economies for the sex slave industry and the promotion of Fair trade products and other initiatives that work to rid the international supply chain of slavery.

In the past decade there has been an unprecedented outpouring of federal statutes, executive orders, & new appropriations intended to benefit the elderly. It is often overlooked that a significant factor in this development has been the increased organized activity on the part of the aged themselves. In contrast to the earlier old age groups, the contemporary old age groups display a high level of political rationality & internal organizational discipline. While aging groups are of various types & seek to fill a variety of functions, there is a reason to focus on one catagory, the mass membership organization, as especially important in helping to give shape & focus to widespread latent sentiments in the elderly population. The rather striking success of 3 such groups, the American Assoc of Retired Persons--National Retired Teachers' Assoc, the National Council of Senior Citizens, & the National Assoc of Retired Federal Employees, can all be analyzed in terms of their having found sources of income outside member dues, having created bureaucracies recruited on the basis of performance rather than charisma, & having utilized the emergence of a more benign climate for old age activity. By combining these criteria the groups considered appear capable of insuring their own organizational survival & of continuing to exert influence upon federal policy makers. Modified HA.

The article reveals the problem of effective interaction of bank employees with customers, as well as the technological and innovative component of these relations. Currently, banks are focusing on the needs of the client and their satisfaction, on expanding the customer base and market share, which push the increase in profits into the background. It is this fact that forces credit institutions to invest in new projects to serve customers, while not causing inconvenience in the provision of services. The authors consider the possibility of improving existing forms of banking services by introducing new technologies and using biometrics technologies, which significantly reduce the time spent by client managers on departure and costs. To implement projects, the bank needs to attract partners in the face of IT companies and developers, as well as invest in the development of biometric technologies. The interaction of client managers of large, medium and small businesses, other clients – legal entities and individual entrepreneurs was chosen as the object of the study. The article analyzes the main forms of banking services and presents the classification of the remote form. The authors analyze the number of accounts with remote access for the period 2015-2020. Using the formula of the total cost of service, the authors reveal the effectiveness of the introduction of remote technologies by banks over the traditional form of service. The article also highlights focusing of modern banks on offering ecosystem products to customers, and analyzes the profitability of these activities. Based on the report on financial results, calculations were made and a forecast of the profitability of the implemented project was made using indicators of the present net income and the rate of return. Statistical data from the official websites of banks and the Federal State Statistics Service, as well as articles, other information materials of printed publications and Internet resources were used as an information base. In the course of the research, the authors used methods of statistical and comparative analysis, and gave a list of relevant sources.

Examines the use of "social harmony" discourse by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in terms of how it shapes the public debate & government ideology & to shed light on China's present & future trajectory. At issue is understanding the history of the idea of "building a harmonious society," which has ancient & contemporary meanings & philosophical & political usages. The CCP's eschewing of Western revolutionary rhetoric in favor of classical Confucian vocabulary for its scripts is discussed, noting how the discourse of harmony has been adopted across most social segments, including among activists & dissidents. In this light, what is actually meant by building a harmonious society is explored via a look at ancient meanings of harmony, highlighting how it has different meanings for different people & raises the question of how the resurgence of native Chinese values & statecraft thought might impact the Chinese polity. D. Edelman

Examines casino-type gambling & financial speculation as two aspects of contemporary capitalism that are tied to globalization & defined as capitalism in the age of electronics. It is contended that understanding the dynamics of speculation is essential for understanding the nature of globalization. The inherent link between risk & economic activity is discussed, along with insurance, hedging, & speculation as examples of trading in risk; differences between speculation in the general sense & speculation in financial markets; & the increasing need for mechanisms to manage risk as the degree of uncertainty in the world economy rises. Key features of speculation are identified & assessed in terms of their impact on the economy. Other issues discussed include the dependence of modern-day speculation on computers; the degree of volatility in today's financial markets; hedging & speculative strategies adopted by financiers; ways in which speculative capital connects & universalizes world financial markets; & the polarization of wealth & poverty that results from capitalism under the rule of speculative capital. 36 References. J. Lindroth