Suchergebnisse

In response to the widespread use of food safety standards as a tool for restricting international trade, this study attempts to answer whether Southeast Asian countries follow this protectionist trend or not. It employs the political economy framework and focuses on the case of the implementation of maximum residue limits (MRLs) on 113 food products which these countries import from their trading partners. The study utilizes the logit model and marginal effects to find the determinants of MRLs implementation. The estimation includes both the seven-countries and the single-country models. As for the former, the result indicates that Southeast Asian countries simultaneously use MRLs both to raise people's quality of life via food safety implementation and to protect import-competing producers. On the other hand, each single-country model provides a clearer picture of the reasons for its enforcement of MRLs; one is with trade restriction motive, while the others are with welfare improving purpose.

The main purpose of the paper is to present and discuss some Keckermann's thoughts on history and the art of historiography, expressed in the treatise De natura et proprietatibus historiae commentarius (Hanovie 1610), published posthumously by his student, David Schumann. According to the humanist from Gdańsk, history is not art, science, or discipline, because it does not have own commonplaces (loci communes), regarded as the basis for method. Nevertheless, history plays an important role in teaching of the practical arts such as politics or economy, because it is an inexhaustible source of examples, taken from narratives about the past events to illustrate general rules related to human life and actions. An excellent historian would be only someone who is able to combine searching for the truth with frankness in its telling. Therefore, he is obliged to use a simple style without almost any rhetorical devices. In relation to single events history serves as a tool of description and explication. Thus it provides the necessary illustrative material in the form of examples for the practical disciplines.

On July 13(th) 2010, Lazlo Andor (Commissioner for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion) declared that active ageing could make the baby-boomers generation a part of the solution of the demographic problem, instead of identifying with it. This is the reason why the "Europe 2020" strategy draws the attention to the necessity of ensuring that the elderly will remain healthy and active for as long as possible. The purpose of this article is to define the exact concept of "active ageing", its content, as well as some beneficial tips by applying innovative programs in order to promote it in the European Union. Reading the published papers the impression is that despite the increasing number of the elderly in Europe, the potential of an active life while ageing can be beneficial in many ways for the society. It is required that the local and regional authorities create the appropriate conditions for participation, while making thoughtful use of the European funding programs.

Based on recently re-opened files and publications in Nanjing, as well as published and newsreel accounts from the 1940s, this paper represents the first scholarly analysis of the rituals surrounding the death and burial of Wang Jingwei in Japanese-occupied China. Rather than locating this analysis purely in the literature on the history of the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945), however, this paper asks what Wang Jingwei's Re-organized National Government might tell us about personality cults in the political culture of modern China. While Wang's burial was one which drew heavily on the precedent of Sun Yat-sen's funerals of the 1920s, it also presaged later spectacles of public mourning and post-mortem commemoration, such as Chiang Kai-shek's funeral in 1975 in Taipei. In focusing on this one specific event in the life of a "puppet government" then, this paper hopes to re-ignite scholarly interest in the study of "dead leaders" and their posthumous lives in modern Chinese history more generally.

Based on recently re-opened files and publications in Nanjing, as well as published and newsreel accounts from the 1940s, this paper represents the first scholarly analysis of the rituals surrounding the death and burial of Wang Jingwei in Japanese-occupied China. Rather than locating this analysis purely in the literature on the history of the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945), however, this paper asks what Wang Jingwei's Re-organized National Government might tell us about personality cults in the political culture of modern China. While Wang's burial was one which drew heavily on the precedent of Sun Yat-sen's funerals of the 1920s, it also presaged later spectacles of public mourning and post-mortem commemoration, such as Chiang Kai-shek's funeral in 1975 in Taipei. In focusing on this one specific event in the life of a "puppet government" then, this paper hopes to re-ignite scholarly interest in the study of "dead leaders" and their posthumous lives in modern Chinese history more generally.

This article analyses how British counter-radicalization policy in general, and the Channel project in particular, constitute individuals who are vulnerable to radicalization as visible, producing them as subjects of intervention. It thus asks, how can potential terrorists be identified and made knowable? The article first argues that to understand Channel, it is crucial to develop a conceptual account of the security politics of (in)visibilization that draws attention to the ways in which security regimes can, at times, function primarily through the production of regimes of (in)visibility. Using this approach, the article focusses on the role of 'indicators' as a technology of (in)visibilization. This role is central to the functioning of Channel, visibilizing certain subjects as threatening. Yet such a production is political. In bringing together a politics of care and a politics of identity, it is a regime of (in)visibility that produces new sites of intervention, contains significant potential consequences for the expression of certain identities, and raises new and troubling possibilities for how contemporary life may be secured.

Podoconiosis is a debilitating chronic swelling of the foot and lower leg, caused by long term exposure to irritant red volcanic clay soil in highland regions of Africa, Central America, and India. In this paper we consider the human rights violations which cause, and are caused by, podoconiosis in Ethiopia. Specifically, we discuss the way in which the right to an adequate basic standard of living is not met in endemic regions, where the following basic necessities are not readily available: robust footwear, education and health literacy, and affordable, accessible healthcare. Those living with podoconiosis experience disablement, stigma and discrimination, and mental distress, contributing to greater impoverishment and a reduced quality of life. We suggest that while identifying rights violations is key to characterising the scale and nature of the problem, identifying duties is critical to eliminating podoconiosis. To this end, we describe the duties of the Ethiopian government, the international community, and those sourcing Ethiopian agricultural products in relation to promoting shoe-wearing, providing adequate health care, and improving health literacy.

In a time where the future of democracy is at stake, it is necessary to recognize the significance of the contribution that the "new" childhood studies can make to securing that future, particularly with respect to establishing the importance of the agency and social competence (in different arenas of everyday life) of children as political social actors. The combination of these recognitions with the task of conceptualizing childhood politics (as politics with children) and an emancipatory development in the field of children's rights is vital for fuller socio-theoretical and socio-political debates on solutions to the problem of positive human future for all generations. In this paper, we show how the conceptualizations and empirical work from childhood studies enhance the role that children's rights can play in the improvement of democratic processes at a societal level, i.e. real participation. This is something that goes way beyond the tendency to treat children's rights as an individual concern, arguing instead for a consideration of children's rights and agency as a social requirement for democracy.

To provide disabled people with the same opportunities to participate in working life as everyone else, certain measures, such as wage subsidies, compensating for a reduced work capacity, might be necessary. To ascertain that these measures are limited to the most needy a system that identifies the target group is required. The Swedish Public Employment Service's (PES') classification of occupational disability constitutes such a system. In this study we document how jobseekers' demographic characteristics, socioeconomic position, and health-related conditions are associated with being classified as occupationally disabled by the PES, and how this classification might be distorted by unintended incentive mechanisms. Our empirical analyses show that both previous health conditions and previous socioeconomic disadvantages were associated with a higher likelihood of being classified as occupationally disabled. To what extent these jobseekers actually had impairments that entailed reduced work capacity cannot be concluded from the available data, but our results indicate that also the goals set by the government may have influenced how the PES classified jobseekers.

The concept of triple helix (TH) cooperation was introduced about two decades ago, as a method of enhancing innovation and value creation. A good networking practice for knowledge-based development should identify the correct balance between business, research and government. The TH model for cooperation embodies an argument for public initiatives in business networks. The purpose of this paper is to test the public role in TH efforts in Norway. This paper therefore poses the following question: What is the public sector's role in network development and cooperation in Norway when the initiative is based on the triple helix model? Data from five different business networks in Norway has been collected and analysed to answer this question. The results indicate that the public engagement in the different networks varied with the life cycle phase of the network and the public sector's position in the value chain. The balance between the public and private sphere may vary from as little engagement as possible (laissez-faire) to being an equal TH partner.

With some exceptions, the major project of civil rights litigators today is not forward movement but the work of preserving as much as possible the gains of the 1960s against legal and political battering.29 Meanwhile, and ironically, the rise of conservative progress metanarratives reflects the achievement of both liberal and radical scholars of forcing into mainstream discourse greater recognition of the evils of slavery and Jim Crow. Respectable conservatives now join in denouncing the most flagrant forms of racial terror running through the American past (pace certain allies of the Trump Administration). But doing so places them in a bind, for they also generally reject arguments that today's distribution of material blessings and life chances derives from past racial injustice in ways the law is bound or even permitted to worry about. To shimmy out of this bind, at least in the narrow realm of civil rights litigation, conservatives appeal not to their otherwise beloved past but instead to their own variation on twentieth century liberals' faith in the future.

Indonesia is one of the most pluralist countries. This plurality can be seen in terms of many religions, beliefs, ethnicities, cultures and languages. This reality on the one hand is very open possibility of potential tension and social conflict. On the other hand, if being able to manage it proportionally and professionally will grow into a force capable of bringing to a more meaningful life. This paper seeks to describe the good relationship between Muslims and followers of Aliran Kepercayaan Perjalanan. In social interaction between the two occurs symbiosis mutualism without any prejudice danger. This reality is interesting to examine in order to discover the factors that become the social glue between Muslims and the followers of Aliran Kepercayaan Perjalanan and to find the political practice of their identity. Based on the field survey found that one of the factors that become social glue is because upholding the values of delay as reflected in the expression of silih asih, silih asah, and silih asuh.

Poverty could be seen as a phenomenon in Nigeria, where one is under the state of being inferior in quality or insufficient in amount. Over the years, the Nigerian government has been trying their utmost best in eradicating poverty by introducing a series of poverty eradication programmes geared towards improving the quality of people's life. The effort already put by the government is only felt by the very few people considering the nation's population. The present population of the country which makes Nigeria the seventh most populous nation in the world and the first in Africa calls for a great concern. For this reason, there is a need to encourage government to put more effort in eradicating poverty through empowering the people by considering agriculture as the only alternative in growing the nation's economy. This paper tends to discuss the need for government to speed up in their plan in diversifying the nation's economy into agriculture for the purpose of providing Nigeria a better economic growth.

The rapid development of the global financial market, its globalization gave new impetus to the dynamism of the development of the international economy, contributed to the strengthening of interdependence and interaction as subsystems of the world economy, as well as separate countries. One of the manifestations of deepening such internationalization of economic life in the conditions of globalization is the intensification of the international capital movement in all its forms and manifestations. On the basis of the generalization of the centuries–old global experience of export and import of capital in the international economy are developed and generally accepted rules of regulation of flows and investments. The main directions of regulation of international investment are given. In addition, the features of the Ukrainian national legislation on foreign investment regulation are considered. The measures to improve the efficiency of control over capital flows are proposed. It is proved that bilateral and multilateral investment agreements are an important prerequisite for the attraction of foreign capital.

A woman is a basic unit of the society. Women play many roles in their life such as a mother, a sister, a daughter and a wife. Education plays an important role in uplift standard of living as well as nutritional and health status of women. After Independence, Indian government take different steps to provide education to women and girl children. As a result, women's literacy rate has grown up. The objectives of the paper are to examine trends in literacy rates by sex and status of women in Haryana and to examine gender gap in education in Haryana. The present paper is based on secondary data. The finding of the paper reveals that literacy rate in Haryana during the year 1971 was 26.89 percent which steadily increased and reached to 75.6 percent by 2011, showing increasing trends. There is high gender gap at all levels of education in the year 1966-67. After that it is decreasing and fluctuating also at all levels of education in Haryana.