Suchergebnisse

The aim of the present essay is to explore some of the relations between the socioeconomic and political transformation which occurred in Syria during the eighteenth century and the development of a new view of the world and the self as it came to be expressed in the writings of several Arab historians at the beginning of the nineteenth century. Of particular interest in this context is the question of whether and when a clear departure from traditional patterns of society and thought can be discerned.

Malayan economic development in modern times can be split into three broad phases:(1) establishment and vigorous growth of the staple industries (tin and rubber) — roughly from the middle of the nineteenth century to 1914;(2) fluctuations of staple fortunes — the period between the two world wars;(3) consolidation and rationalization of the staple industries together with diversification of the economy — post 1945.

Japonská historiografie stojí na samém počátku japonské literární tradice díky kronikám Kodžiki a Nihongi vytvořené císařským dvorem v 8. století. Záhy vznikla řada dalších historických děl - oficiální dějiny, životopisy, deníky atd. Se vzestupem samurajské třídy a její politické moci se však charakter japonské středověké historiografie změnil. Nový typ kroniky (gunki monogatari) byl kombinací oficiálních dějin, válečných příběhů a historických anekdot sepsaných na vysoké literární úrovni. Jejich cílem bylo nejen zaznamenat dějinné události, ale též sloužit jako vzor chování pro členy vojenské vrstvy. Tato díla tedy kombinovala reálné události s fikcí a je třeba je považovat nejen za "odborná", ale též jako literární díla. Vrchol své popularity zaznamenala během období Kamakura a Muromači. Změny v politickém uspořádání v průběhu 15. století vedly k postupnému úpadku tohoto žánru a zrodu nového typu historických děl, jež lépe korespondovaly s očekáváním a vkusem jejich čtenářů. ; The Japanese historiography had an early beginning. Its tradition started with the chronicles Kojiki and Nihongi compiled for the Imperial Court in Kyoto in the 8th century. There were created a lot of other historical works – official histories, biographies, diaries etc. – during the Heian Period. However, with the rise of the samurai class and its seizure of political power, the character of Japanese medieval historiography changed. The new type of chronicle (gunki monogatari) was a combination of official histories, war tales and historical anecdotes written in a high literary language. Their goal was not only to record history but also to serve as a model of behaviour for the members of the military class. These chronicles therefore combined reality with fiction quite freely and can be considered not only as scholarly but also as literary works. Their popularity was at its peak in the Kamakura and early Muromachi Periods. Since the 15th century the changes in political and cultural climate in Japan lead to their gradual decline. They were replaced by a new type of historical works more corresponding to the taste of contemporary readership.

In the spring of 1978, radical historians launched the academic journalMarxist Perspectives. Edited by the celebrated Marxist historian Eugene Genovese, the journal comprised one of the strongest collectives of radical historians that American academia has ever seen. However,Marxist Perspectivescollapsed after only two years in print. This article charts the journal's origins and its premature demise as a lens to explore Genovese's intellectual career and examine how competing radical factions attempted to define the field. In analyzing how both personal academic rivalries and political divisions stunted and formed intellectual production, the article demonstrates that radical historiography was shaped by internal critiques over how to build a new American left within an advanced capitalist society.

Gordon Wood stoked a strong response from his fellow early American historians in 2015 when, in the pages of theWeekly Standard, he accused the Omohundro Institute of Early American History, publishers of the prestigiousWilliam and Mary Quarterly, of abandoning interest in the development of the United States. "A new generation of historians is no longer interested in how the United States came to be," Wood argued. "That kind of narrative history of the nation, they say, is not only inherently triumphalist but has a teleological bias built into it." Wood blamed the shift away from the nation on historians' interest in such issues as race and gender: "The inequalities of race and gender now permeate much of academic history-writing, so much so that the general reading public that wants to learn about the whole of our nation's past has had to turn to the history books written by nonacademics who have no PhDs and are not involved in the incestuous conversations of the academic scholars." Of theWilliam and Mary Quarterly, Wood concluded, "without some kind of historical GPS, it is in danger of losing its way."