Suchergebnisse

The attitudes of people towards international sport organizations, the structures that organize these events and the level of importance of the organizations. The cognitive and affective reactions of the individual act as behaviors to them, and they take the time to participate and encourage them to watch these contests. This situation is moving the countries in line with political, political and economic values. Therefore, in this study, it was aimed to develop a scale that can be used to determine the attitudes of individuals towards international sport organizations. A test form consisting of 26 items was applied to 299 students from 4 different faculties at Gazi University. Explanatory factor analysis (EFA) was used to test the construct validity of the scale and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to determine the accuracy of the structure reached. In order to determine the reliability, the cronbach's alpha reliability coefficients and the item total test correlations were examined. It was observed that the scale of EFA was composed of 20 items and 3 sub-dimensions. These three components account for 64.91% of the variance explained. It has been determined the substances that load the factors values are in the range of .50 to .90. For the sub-dimensions, the Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient was .89, .93, .88, and for the whole scale it was .90. Substance total test correlations range from .48 to .85. The structure reached in EFA was tried to be confirmed by applying confirmatory factor analysis. The RMSEA value was found to be .08 and other compliance indices were examined and it was proven that compliance is acceptable. In conclusion, the EFA, CFA, reliability analysis and item analysis showed that the scale achieved was valid and reliable for determining attitudes towards international sport organizations.Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetUluslararası spor organizasyonlarına insanların verdikleri tepkilerin derecesi bu oluşumları düzenleyen yapıları etkilemekte ve dolayısıyla bu organizasyonların önem düzeyini arttırmakta ya da azaltmaktadır. Bireylerin bilişsel ve duyuşsal tepkileri onları davranış olarak harekete geçirmekte gerek katılımla gerekse zaman ayırıp bu yarışmaları izlemeye sevk etmektedir. Bu durum ise ülkeleri siyasi, politik ve ekonomik değerler doğrultusunda harekete geçirmektedir. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmada bireylerin uluslararası spor organizasyonlarına yönelik tutumlarını belirlemek amacıyla kullanılabilecek bir ölçek geliştirmek amaçlanmıştır. 26 maddeden oluşan denemelik form Gazi Üniversitesi'nde 4 ayrı fakültede öğrenim gören 299 öğrenciye (136 Kadın, 163 Erkek ) uygulanmıştır. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliğini test etmek amacıyla öncelikle açımlayıcı faktör analizi (AFA), ulaşılan yapının doğruluğunu tespit etmek amacıyla doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Güvenirliği belirlemek amacıyla Cronbach alfa güvenirlik katsayısı değerleri ve madde toplam test korelasyonları incelenmiştir. AFA sonucunda ölçeğin, 20 madde ve 3 alt boyuttan oluştuğu gözlenmiştir. Bu 3 bileşenin (1. Bileşen .57, 2. Bileşen .65, 3. Bileşen %6.69 ) açıklanan varyansın .91'lik kısmını açıkladığı görülmüştür. Maddelerin faktör yüklerinin .50 ile .90 aralığında değer aldıkları belirlenmiştir. Güvenirliğe ait bulgular incelendiğinde sırasıyla alt boyutlar için Cronbach alfa güvenirlik katsayısı .89, .93, .88 ve ölçeğin tamamı için ise bu değerin .90 olduğu gözlenmiştir. Madde toplam test korelasyonları .48 ile .85 aralığında değişmektedir. AFA sonucunda ulaşılan yapı doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) uygulanarak doğrulanmaya çalışılmıştır. Ulaşılan RMSEA değeri .08 olduğu bulgulanmış diğer uyum indeksleri de incelenerek uyumun kabul edilebilir düzeyde olduğu kanıtlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, AFA, DFA, güvenirlik analizi ve madde analizi, sonucunda ulaşılan değerler ölçeğin, uluslararası spor organizasyonlarına yönelik tutumları belirlemek için geçerli ve güvenilir olduğunu göstermektedir.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the interdependence of the manufacturing industry between South South Korea and ASEAN-5 countries. To conduct an international analysis for the manufacturing industries, an interregional input-output (IRIO) model is applied. The Asian International Input-Output Table (AIIO) provided by IDE-JETRO (2017) is employed and the spillover effects of manufacturing industry are compared in terms of inducement production, value added and backward/forward linkages. The results indicate that the production inducement outcome between Malaysia and South Korea and the effect of forward and backward linkage industry are high, and the dependence on industry is high. On the other hand, in terms of decomposition of value added exports to ASEAN from South South Korea in the manufacturing sector; Vietnam, Singapore, and Indonesia are the states where South South Korea's domestic value-added exports are high. The result shows that South South Korea is necessary to diversify economic cooperation between East Asian and ASEAN member states.

This article considers findings from the 'More Than Knowledge Transfer' research project, which was concerned with understanding the personal and professional trajectories of alumni from postgraduate programmes in education and international development. The article reflects on qualitative data to explore four key questions: what alumni value about their postgraduate study; the perceived usefulness of different types of learnings; how these are seen as connected to, or disconnected from, development practice; and how they are shaped by the expectations that students bring with them to the programme and their existing experiences in the international development field. The article suggests a need to problematize assumed dichotomies between 'theory' and 'practice' or 'skills' and 'criticality' and instead consider how these relationships may be shaped by students' own backgrounds and positionalities. It argues that supporting students to engage critically with, and move and build connections between, different spaces of learning and practice is key for engendering and sustaining critical and reflective approaches as they complete their studies and develop their careers in the development sector.

In the weeks around March 8, 2020, Spanish political authorities moved from denying and minimizing COVID-19 (veiling international recommendations) to establishing a State of Alarm. This uncertainty scenario is a natural experiment for exploring how concealment and diffusion of critical messages in official discourse affected public and published media, information transmission, and collective risk assessment. This study explores, through Natural Language Processing (NLP) and network theory, press, and Twitter agendas those days when (after international warnings, chaos on data, and the authorization of large demonstrations) Spain made the "alarming discovery" of COVID-19. Results show a swift change in the climate of opinion, from the week before to the week after Women's Day (March 8). Noninformation influenced agendas in terms of themes, feelings, and behaviors. The way different societies made COVID-19's "discovery" became essential on the framing of the crisis and on the subsequent trust in authorities during the pandemic. The suppression of information in the first moments remains a key study question.

In the weeks around March 8, 2020, Spanish political authorities moved from denying and minimizing COVID-19 (veiling international recommendations) to establishing a State of Alarm. This uncertainty scenario is a natural experiment for exploring how concealment and diffusion of critical messages in official discourse affected public and published media, information transmission, and collective risk assessment. This study explores, through Natural Language Processing (NLP) and network theory, press, and Twitter agendas those days when (after international warnings, chaos on data, and the authorization of large demonstrations) Spain made the "alarming discovery" of COVID-19. Results show a swift change in the climate of opinion, from the week before to the week after Women's Day (March 8). Noninformation influenced agendas in terms of themes, feelings, and behaviors. The way different societies made COVID-19's "discovery" became essential on the framing of the crisis and on the subsequent trust in authorities during the pandemic. The suppression of information in the first moments remains a key study question.

Abstract
Do laws of war applicable to International Armed Conflicts (iac s) authorize targeting and detention or do they simply regulate targeting and detention as an exercise of power in war by belligerents without providing authorization? This question has been the subject of debate in the recent past. The traditional understanding of laws of war, simply as a protective regime has come under increasing challenge from claims laws of war authorize targeting and detention in International Armed Conflicts. While these claims have mainly been made to establish in laws of war satisfaction for the requirement of Human rights law for a legal basis for targeting and detention, the transmutation of what in the perspective of laws of war is simply an exercise of power into legal permission has consequences beyond that relationship. It also impacts the relationship between laws of war and jus ad bellum, and more gravely it cloaks what is an otherwise exercise of brute power in war with the garb of legal competence. It transmutes what is simply might into right. The transmutation, re characterizes an iac from the perspective of laws of war as simply a fact, into its legal construct. Therefore, this paper interrogates the nature of the laws of war, to show they simply regulate targeting and detention in iac s without providing legal permission.

Transitional Justice can be defined as the group of processes and mechanisms that address the problems caused by large-scale human rights violations that were committed during conflicts or by repressive regimes. This book analyses the efforts made in the implementation of the peace accords in Guatemala and the main problems encountered in this process through the lens of the transitional justice framework. It discusses the mechanisms put in place to prevent the recurrence of violence, to make reparations, to guarantee the right to truth and to restore the democratic order. In addition, it covers the most important trials conducted against those accused of the most serious crimes.