Suchergebnisse

Nature-based solutions (NBS) for hydro-meteorological risks (HMRs) reduction and management are becoming increasingly popular, but challenges such as the lack of well-recognised standard methodologies to evaluate their performance and upscale their implementation remain. We systematically evaluate the current state-of-the art on the models and tools that are utilised for the optimum allocation, design and efficiency evaluation of NBS for five HMRs (flooding, droughts, heatwaves, landslides, and storm surges and coastal erosion). We found that methods to assess the complex issue of NBS efficiency and cost-benefits analysis are still in the development stage and they have only been implemented through the methodologies developed for other purposes such as fluid dynamics models in micro and catchment scale contexts. Of the reviewed numerical models and tools MIKE-SHE, SWMM (for floods), ParFlow-TREES, ACRU, SIMGRO (for droughts), WRF, ENVI-met (for heatwaves), FUNWAVE-TVD, BROOK90 (for landslides), TELEMAC and ADCIRC (for storm surges) are more flexible to evaluate the performance and effectiveness of specific NBS such as wetlands, ponds, trees, parks, grass, green roof/walls, tree roots, vegetations, coral reefs, mangroves, sea grasses, oyster reefs, sea salt marshes, sandy beaches and dunes. We conclude that the models and tools that are capable of assessing the multiple benefits, particularly the performance and cost-effectiveness of NBS for HMR reduction and management are not readily available. Thus, our synthesis of modelling methods can facilitate their selection that can maximise opportunities and refute the current political hesitation of NBS deployment compared with grey solutions for HMR management but also for the provision of a wide range of social and economic co-benefits. However, there is still a need for bespoke modelling tools that can holistically assess the various components of NBS from an HMR reduction and management perspective. Such tools can facilitate impact assessment modelling under different NBS scenarios to build a solid evidence base for upscaling and replicating the implementation of NBS.

The adverse effects of air pollutants on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems are unquestionable. However, in recent years, indications of effects beyond these organ systems have become more evident. Traffic-related air pollution has been linked with neurological diseases, exacerbated cognitive dysfunction, and Alzheimer's disease. However, the exact air pollutant compositions and exposure scenarios leading to these adverse health effects are not known. Although several components of air pollution may be at play, recent experimental studies point to a key role of ultrafine particles (UFPs). While the importance of UFPs has been recognized, almost nothing is known about the smallest fraction of UFPs, and only >23 nm emissions are regulated in the EU. Moreover, the role of the semivolatile fraction of the emissions has been neglected. The Transport-Derived Ultrafines and the Brain Effects (TUBE) project will increase knowledge on harmful ultrafine air pollutants, as well as semivolatile compounds related to adverse health effects. By including all the major current combustion and emission control technologies, the TUBE project aims to provide new information on the adverse health effects of current traffic, as well as information for decision makers to develop more effective emission legislation. Most importantly, the TUBE project will include adverse health effects beyond the respiratory system; TUBE will assess how air pollution affects the brain and how air pollution particles might be removed from the brain. The purpose of this report is to describe the TUBE project, its background, and its goals.

Dothistroma septosporum, the primary causal agent of Dothistroma needle blight, is one of the most significant foliar pathogens of pine worldwide. Its wide host and environmental ranges have led to its global success as a pathogen and severe economic damage to pine forests in many regions. This comprehensive global population study elucidated the historical migration pathways of the pathogen to reveal the Eurasian origin of the fungus. When over 3800 isolates were examined, three major population clusters were revealed: North America, Western Europe, and Eastern Europe, with distinct subclusters in the highly diverse Eastern European cluster. Modeling of historical scenarios using approximate Bayesian computation revealed the North American cluster was derived from an ancestral population in Eurasia. The Northeastern European subcluster was shown to be ancestral to all other European clusters and subclusters. The Turkish subcluster diverged first, followed by the Central European subcluster, then the Western European cluster, which has subsequently spread to much of the Southern Hemisphere. All clusters and subclusters contained both mating-types of the fungus, indicating the potential for sexual reproduction, although asexual reproduction remained the primary mode of reproduction. The study strongly suggests the native range of D. septosporum to be in Eastern Europe (i.e., the Baltic and Western Russia) and Western Asia.

We present the results of a large multiwavelength follow-up campaign of the tidal disruption event (TDE) AT 2019dsg, focusing on low to high resolution optical spectroscopy, X-ray, and radio observations. The galaxy hosts a super massive black hole of mass (5.4±3.2)×106M⊙ and careful analysis finds no evidence for the presence of an active galactic nucleus, instead the TDE host galaxy shows narrow optical emission lines that likely arise from star formation activity. The transient is luminous in the X-rays, radio, UV, and optical. The X-ray emission becomes undetected after ∼100 d, and the radio luminosity density starts to decay at frequencies above 5.4 GHz by ∼160 d. Optical emission line signatures of the TDE are present up to ∼200 d after the light-curve peak. The medium to high resolution spectra show traces of absorption lines that we propose originate in the self-gravitating debris streams. At late times, after ∼200 d, narrow Fe lines appear in the spectra. The TDE was previously classified as N-strong, but after careful subtraction of the host galaxy's stellar contribution, we find no evidence for these N lines in the TDE spectrum, even though O Bowen lines are detected. The observed properties of the X-ray emission are fully consistent with the detection of the inner regions of a cooling accretion disc. The optical and radio properties are consistent with this central engine seen at a low inclination (i.e. seen from the poles). © 2021 The Author(s). ; GC and PGJ acknowledge support from European Research Council (ERC) Consolidator Grant 647208. TW is funded by ERC grant 320360 and by European Commission grant 730980. This research was made possible through the use of the AAVSO Photometric All-Sky Survey (APASS), funded by the Robert Martin Ayers Sciences Fund and NSFAST-1412587. We acknowledge the use of public data from the Swift data archive. We thank P. M. Vreeswijk for the data reduction of the UVES spectrum. This paper includes data obtained with the William Herschel Telescope (proposal IDs: W19B/P7, W19A/N3) as well as observations made with the Italian Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG) operated on the island of La Palma by the Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes and the Fundación Galileo Galilei of the INAF (Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica) at the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias. Based on observations collected at the European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere under ESO programmes 1103.D-0328 "advanced Public ESO Spectroscopic Survey for Transient Objects" (ePESSTO+). GL was supported by a research grant (19054) from VILLUM FONDEN. D.M.-S. acknowledges support from the ERC under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 715051; Spiders). JM acknowledges financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MICIU through the "Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa" award to the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (SEV-2017-0709) and from the grant RTI2018-096228-B-C31 (MICIU/FEDER, EU). IA is a CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholar in the Gravity and the Extreme Universe Program and acknowledges support from that program, from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement number 852097), from the Israel Science Foundation (grant numbers 2108/18 and 2752/19), from the United States – Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF), and from the Israeli Council for Higher Education Alon Fellowship. TWC acknowledges the EU Funding under Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant H2020-MSCA-IF-2018-842471. TMB was funded by the CONICYT PFCHA / DOCTORADOBECAS CHILE/2017-72180113. MN is supported by a Royal Astronomical Society Research Fellowship. FO acknowledges the support of the GRAWITA/PRIN-MIUR project: The new frontier of the Multi-Messenger Astrophysics: follow-up of electromagnetic transient counterparts of gravitational wave sources. ; Peer reviewed

The possibilities of synthesis of niobium pentoxide films by anodic oxidation were studied. The process parameters leading to the formation of coherent dense films were determined. Itwas shown that films with the thickness of 30 up to 400 nm can be obtained during the first 15 minutes of the process by varying the voltage.

Antioxidant activity is an important characteristic of plant extracts. One of the methods to determine it, is the phosphomolybdate method, which is based on the formation of a water-soluble colored complex and the spectrophotometric determination of its concentration. Recently, methods for obtaining plant extracts using deep eutectic solvents (DES), consisting of two or more substances, have been actively developed. Many DES contain choline chloride. The presence of choline chloride makes it difficult to determine the antioxidant activity of DES-based extracts by the phosphomolybdate method since an insoluble complex is formed during the reaction. The aim of this work is to modify the phosphomolybdate method for determining the antioxidant activity of DES-based extracts by adding acetone to the mixture to transfer the resulting complex into solution.

Esta publicación pretende lograr tres objetivos. El primero, mostrar como funciona el Instituto de Derecho Procesal de la Academia Nacional de Derecho de Córdoba: plumas jurídicas reconocidas junto a autores jóvenes que procuran un lugar en ese espacio de reconocimiento, hacen honor a la calidad académica en un plano de democrática igualdad, presentando con total libertad sus propios pensamientos, desde lugares diferentes y posiciones muchas veces encontradas (la contradicción es la verdadera raíz del avance del derecho). El segundo, evidenciar que, sin desmedro alguno de la especulación teórica, es de trascendente importancia ocuparse de cuestiones de la praxis jurídica, mediante el análisis y comentario de las principales novedades que se producen tanto en el ámbito legislativo como en el jurisprudencial. Y el tercero, dejar incorporado definitivamente al ámbito de reflexión de este Instituto, (ya desde allí lo propusimos – y fue aceptado- como tema de la "III Reunión de Institutos" de esta corporación del año 2019) el presente y el futuro -más próximo (¡¡y vaya si lo fue!!), que lejano- del impacto disruptivo que la actual revolución tecnológica ineludiblemente ya produce y producirá de modo exponencial mucho antes de lo esperado, en la administración de justicia. Prueba de lo expuesto es la súbita presencia masiva -con motivo del aislamiento personal impuesto por la pandemia de Covid 19- de la tramitación de juicios penales "no presenciales" (o juicios digitales, platafórmicos o "Cyberjuicios") mediante la utilización de medios tecnológicos idóneos para vincular interactivamente con imagen y sonido y en un mismo tiempo ("on line"), a sujetos procesales ubicados en diferentes lugares (en el "espacio virtual"). ; Introducción / José I. Cafferata Nores – PRIMERA PARTE "JUICIO PENAL DIGITAL" O "CYBERJUICIO" / José I. Cafferata Nores – NUEVOS INSTITUTOS y REFORMAS EN EL CPP DE CÓRDOBA INTRODUCIDOS POR LA LEY 10.457. I. EL NUEVO ARTÍCULO 127 BIS DEL CÓDIGO PROCESAL PENAL DE LA PROVINCIA DE CÓRDOBA (LEY 10.457). Asistentes, consultores técnicos, auxiliares: (art 127 bis CPP Córdoba (ley 10.457) / José I. Cafferata Nores – Auxiliares de las partes en el proceso penal: análisis del artículo 127 bis Código Procesal Penal de la Provincia de Córdoba. (Ley 10.457) / Silvina M. Oliva de Montuor; colaboradores: María Inés Indiveri – Guido Nicolás Torres – El consultor técnico en el Código Procesal Penal de Córdoba: algunas consideraciones vinculadas al derecho comparado (ley 10.457) / Daniela Bianciotti, Maximiliano Davies -- El consultor técnico en el Código Procesal de la Provincia de Córdoba (ley 10.457) / Inés Lucero – II. EL NUEVO ART 312 CPP DEL CÓDIGO PROCESAL PENAL DE LA PROVINCIA DE CÓRDOBA (LEY 10.457) Comentario al nuevo art 312 del CPP (ley 10.457) / José Cafferata Nores – Implicancias del nuevo art. 312 del CPP (ley 10.457) / Valeria Paula Rissi – III. LOS CRITERIOS DE OPORTUNIDAD INCORPORADOS AL CPP DE CÓRDOBA Y LA FIGURA DEL "ARREPENTIDO". La confesión delatora premiada: "el arrepentido" / José I Cafferata Nores – La delación premiada / Maximiliano Hairabedián – Cuestiones atinentes a la nueva ley del arrepentido - ley 27.304 (b.o. 02/11/2016) / Valeria Paula Rissi – Algunos interrogantes sobre la Ley del arrepentido. Ley N° 27.304 / Patricia Soria, Ivana Rossi – Ley del arrepentido (nº27.304) / Daniela Bianciotti, Maximiliano Davies – Comentario sobre las reformas de disponibilidad de la acción / Maximiliano Hairabedián – Los criterios de oportunidad incorporados al CPP de Córdoba / Ramón Agustín Ferrer Guillamondegui – IV. EL NUEVO ARTÍCULO 334 DEL CPP –ARCHIVO. La cuestión del fiscal subsiguiente en caso de sobreseimiento o archivo revocado por la Cámara de Acusación / Daniela E. Bianciotti, Gonzalo Berrotarán – SEGUNDA PARTE V. JUICIO POR JURADOS. El juicio por jurados y los requisitos exigidos para el dictado del veredicto de culpabilidad ante el principio de igualdad / Maximiliano Davies – Principales obiter dicta efectuados por la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación en el precedente "Canale" (CSJN, 461/2016 del 02/05/19) / Manuel S. Ayán – La imperiosa necesidad de adoptar un modelo uniforme de juicio por jurados a nivel nacional / Martín Cafure – El veredicto inexpresivo del jurado anglosajón y la motivación de la sentencia penal (fallo "Canales" de la SCJN. (CSJN, 461/2016 del 02/05/19) / Andrea Cravero – VI. RECURSOS. El Recurso Extraordinario: ¿es un eficaz mecanismo estabilizador de interpretaciones jurídicas? (A propósito del precedente "Loyo Fraire" en materia de prisión preventiva) / José I. Cafferata Nores, Valeria P. Rissi – TERCERA PARTE VII. INTELIGENCIA ARTIFICIAL Y PROCESO JUDICIAL. Aproximaciones sobre la utilización de inteligencia artificial en los procesos judiciales: ¿"máquina de juzgar"; "juez robot"? / Miguel Ángel Martínez Conti – Inteligencia artificial y administración de justicia / Ramón Agustín Ferrer Guillamondegui – ; Cafferata Nores, José I. Academia Nacional de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de Córdoba; Argentina. ; Oliva de Montuor, Silvina M. Academia Nacional de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de Córdoba; Argentina. ; Indiveri, María Inés. Academia Nacional de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de Córdoba; Argentina. ; Torres, Guido Nicolás. Academia Nacional de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de Córdoba; Argentina. ; Bianciotti, Daniela. Academia Nacional de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de Córdoba; Argentina. ; Davies, Maximiliano. Academia Nacional de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de Córdoba; Argentina. ; Lucero, Inés. Academia Nacional de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de Córdoba; Argentina. ; Rissi, Valeria Paula. Academia Nacional de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de Córdoba; Argentina. ; Hairabedián, Maximiliano. Academia Nacional de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de Córdoba; Argentina. ; Soria, Patricia. Academia Nacional de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de Córdoba; Argentina. ; Rossi, Ivana. Academia Nacional de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de Córdoba; Argentina. ; Ferrer Guillamondegui, Ramón Agustín. Academia Nacional de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de Córdoba; Argentina. ; Berrotarán, Gonzalo. Academia Nacional de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de Córdoba; Argentina. ; Ayán, Manuel S. Academia Nacional de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de Córdoba; Argentina. ; Cafure, Martín. Academia Nacional de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de Córdoba; Argentina. ; Cravero, Andrea. Academia Nacional de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de Córdoba; Argentina. ; Martínez Conti, Miguel Ángel. Academia Nacional de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de Córdoba; Argentina.

Worldwide, millions of children live in institutions, which runs counter to both the UN-recognised right of children to be raised in a family environment, and the findings of our accompanying systematic review of the physical, neurobiological, psychological, and mental health costs of institutionalisation and the benefits of deinstitutionalisation of child welfare systems. In this part of the Commission, international experts in reforming care for children identified evidence-based policy recommendations to promote family-based alternatives to institutionalisation. Family-based care refers to caregiving by extended family or foster, kafalah (the practice of guardianship of orphaned children in Islam), or adoptive family, preferably in close physical proximity to the biological family to facilitate the continued contact of children with important individuals in their life when this is in their best interest. 14 key recommendations are addressed to multinational agencies, national governments, local authorities, and institutions. These recommendations prioritise the role of families in the lives of children to prevent child separation and to strengthen families, to protect children without parental care by providing high-quality family-based alternatives, and to strengthen systems for the protection and care of separated children. Momentum for a shift from institutional to family-based care is growing internationally—our recommendations provide a template for further action and criteria against which progress can be assessed.

Metagenomics-based high-throughput sequencing (HTS) enables comprehensive detection of all species comprised in a sample with a single assay and is becoming a standard method for outbreak investigation. However, unlike real-time PCR or serological assays, HTS datasets generated for pathogen detection do not easily provide yes/no answers. Rather, results of the taxonomic read assignment need to be assessed by trained personnel to gain information thereof. Proficiency tests are important instruments of validation, harmonization, and standardization. Within the European Union funded project COMPARE [COllaborative Management Platform for detection and Analyses of (Re-) emerging and foodborne outbreaks in Europe], we conducted a proficiency test to scrutinize the ability to assess diagnostic metagenomics data. An artificial dataset resembling shotgun sequencing of RNA from a sample of contaminated trout was provided to 12 participants with the request to provide a table with per-read taxonomic assignments at species level and a report with a summary and assessment of their findings, considering different categories like pathogen, background, or contaminations. Analysis of the read assignment tables showed that the software used reliably classified the reads taxonomically overall. However, usage of incomplete reference databases or inappropriate data pre-processing caused difficulties. From the combination of the participants' reports with their read assignments, we conclude that, although most species were detected, a number of important taxa were not or not correctly categorized. This implies that knowledge of and awareness for potentially dangerous species and contaminations need to be improved, hence, capacity building for the interpretation of diagnostic metagenomics datasets is necessary.

BACKGROUND: Babies born weighing ≥ 2500 g account for more than 80% of the births in most resource-limited locations and for nearly 50% of the 28-day neonatal deaths. In contrast, in high-resource settings, 28-day neonatal mortality among this group represents only a small fraction of the neonatal deaths. Yet mortality risks for birth weight of ≥ 2500 g is limited. Knowledge regarding the factors associated with mortality in these babies will help in identifying interventions that can reduce mortality. METHODS: The Global Network's Maternal Newborn Health Registry (MNHR) is a prospective, population-based observational study that includes all pregnant women and their pregnancy outcomes in defined geographic communities that has been conducted in research sites in six low-middle income countries (India, Pakistan, Democratic Republic of Congo, Guatemala, Kenya and Zambia). Study staff enroll all pregnant women as early as possible during pregnancy and conduct follow-up visits to ascertain delivery and 28-day neonatal outcomes. We analyzed the neonatal mortality rates (NMR) and risk factors for deaths by 28 days among all live-born babies with a birthweight ≥ 2500 g from 2010 to 2018 across the Global Network sites. RESULTS: Babies born in the Global Network sites from 2010 to 2018 with a birthweight ≥ 2500 g accounted for 84.8% of the births and 45.4% of the 28-day neonatal deaths. Among this group, the overall NMR was 13.1/1000 live births. The overall 28-day NMR for ongoing clusters was highest in Pakistan (29.7/1000 live births) and lowest in the Zambian/Kenyan sites (9.3/1000) for ≥ 2500 g infants. ≥ 2500 g NMRs declined for Zambia/Kenya and India. For Pakistan and Guatemala, the NMR remained almost unchanged over the period. The ≥ 2500 g risks related to maternal, delivery and newborn characteristics varied by site. Maternal factors that increased risk and were common for all sites included nulliparity, hypertensive disease, previous stillbirth, maternal death, obstructed labor, severe postpartum hemorrhage, and abnormal fetal presentation. Neonatal characteristics including resuscitation, hospitalization, congenital anomalies and male sex, as well as lower gestational ages and birthweights were also associated with increased mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Nearly half of neonatal deaths in the Global Network sites occurred in infants born weighing ≥ 2500 g. The NMR for those infants was 13.1 per 1000 live births, much higher than rates usually seen in high-income countries. The changes in NMR over time varied across the sites. Even among babies born ≥ 2500 g, lower gestational age and birthweight were largely associated with increased risk of mortality. Since many of these deaths should be preventable, attention to preventing mortality in these infants should have an important impact on overall NMR. TRIAL REGISTRATION: https://ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01073475.

Understanding the predictors of health conditions and exposure to secondhand smoke among children is necessary to determine the severity of the issues and identify effective solutions. Despite the significant prevalence in smoking and child exposure to secondhand smoke, there have been only a few studies focusing on this area in Vietnam, and thus the current study aims to fill in this gap. The questionnaires of 435 children aged between 0 and 6 and their caregivers, who agreed to participate in the research, were collected at the Pediatric Department of Bach Mai hospital, Hanoi, in 2016. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to identify factors associated with perceived health status and exposure to secondhand smoke among children in the last 24 h and the last 7 days from the date of the survey. Our study found that 43% of the respondents had smokers in the family, and 46.4% of children were exposed to passive smoking in the last 7 days. Urban children were most frequently exposed to passive smoking at home and in public, whereas in the rural area, the home and relatives&rsquo ; houses were the most common places for exposure. Compared to children whose caregivers were farmers, children of non-government workers were more likely to be exposed to passive smoking in the last 7 days. Moreover, children in a family having smoking rules and no smokers were less likely to be exposed to passive smoking in the last 24 h and 7 days than those living in a family allowing smoking and having smokers. In conclusion, our study shows that the government needs to implement better public smoking monitoring and encourage caregivers to implement smoke-free households or smoking rules in their houses.

High resolution transit spectroscopy has proven to be a reliable technique for the characterization of the chemical composition of exoplanet atmospheres. Taking advantage of the broad spectral coverage of the CARMENES spectrograph, we initiated a survey aimed at characterizing a broad range of planetary systems. Here, we report our observations of three transits of GJ 3470 b with CARMENES in search of He (2(3)S) absorption. On one of the nights, the He & x202f;Iregion was heavily contaminated by OH(-)telluric emission and, thus, it was not useful for our purposes. The remaining two nights had a very different signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) due to weather. They both indicate the presence of He (2(3)S) absorption in the transmission spectrum of GJ 3470 b, although a statistically valid detection can only be claimed for the night with higher S/N. For that night, we retrieved a 1.5 +/- 0.3% absorption depth, translating into aR(p)(lambda)/R-p= 1.15 +/- 0.14 at this wavelength. Spectro-photometric light curves for this same night also indicate the presence of extra absorption during the planetary transit with a consistent absorption depth. The He (2(3)S) absorption is modeled in detail using a radiative transfer code, and the results of our modeling efforts are compared to the observations. We find that the mass-loss rate,& x1e40;, is confined to a range of 3 x 10(10)g s(-1)forT= 6000 K to 10 x 10(10)g s(-1)forT= 9000 K. We discuss the physical mechanisms and implications of the He & x202f;Idetection in GJ 3470 b and put it in context as compared to similar detections and non-detections in other Neptune-size planets. We also present improved stellar and planetary parameter determinations based on our visible and near-infrared observations. © ESO 2020. ; CARMENES is an instrument for the Centro Astronomico Hispano-Aleman (CAHA) at Calar Alto (Almeria, Spain), operated jointly by the Junta de Andalucia and the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (CSIC). CARMENES was funded by the German Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG), the Spanish Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas(CSIC), the European Union through FEDER/ERF FICTS-2011-02 funds, and the members of the CARMENES Consortium.We acknowledge financial support from the Agencia Estatal de Investigacion of the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades and the European FEDER/ERF funds through projects ESP2016-80435-C2-2-R, ESP2016-76076-R, and BES-2015-074542, and AYA2016-79425-C3-1/2/3-P, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through the Research Unit FOR2544 "Blue Planets around Red Stars" and the Priority Program SPP 1992 "Exploring the Diversity of Extrasolar Planets" RE 1664/16-1, the National Natural Science Foundation of China through grants 11503088, 11573073, and 11573075, and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province through grant BK20190110. Finally, we wish to thank Dr. Vincent Bourrier and an anonymous referee for discussion and comments that helped to improve the contents of this manuscript. ; Peer reviewed

© 2020. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. ; Binary black hole (BH) central engine description for the unique blazar OJ 287 predicted that the next secondary BH impact-induced bremsstrahlung flare should peak on 2019 July 31. This prediction was based on detailed general relativistic modeling of the secondary BH trajectory around the primary BH and its accretion disk. The expected flare was termed the Eddington flare to commemorate the centennial celebrations of now-famous solar eclipse observations to test general relativity by Sir Arthur Eddington. We analyze the multi-epoch Spitzer observations of the expected flare between 2019 July 31 and 2019 September 6, as well as baseline observations during 2019 February-March. Observed Spitzer flux density variations during the predicted outburst time display a strong similarity with the observed optical pericenter flare from OJ 287 during 2007 September. The predicted flare appears comparable to the 2007 flare after subtracting the expected higher base-level Spitzer flux densities at 3.55 and 4.49 mu m compared to the optical R-band. Comparing the 2019 and 2007 outburst lightcurves and the previously calculated predictions, we find that the Eddington flare arrived within 4 hr of the predicted time. Our Spitzer observations are well consistent with the presence of a nano-Hertz gravitational-wave emitting spinning massive binary BH that inspirals along a general relativistic eccentric orbit in OJ 287. These multi-epoch Spitzer observations provide a parametric constraint on the celebrated BH no-hair theorem. ; We thank Sean Carey for useful discussions on Spitzer data. This work is based in part on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. L.D. and A.G. acknowledge support of the Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India, under project No. 12-R&D-TFR-5.02-0200. S.Z. acknowledges grant No. NCN 2018/29/B/ST9/01793. ; Peer reviewed