Suchergebnisse

Dieser Beitrag geht der Frage nach, warum Welthandel betrieben wird und untersucht Probleme internationaler Wirtschaftsbeziehungen. Zunächst werden die Vorteile des Welthandels dargestellt. Als Probleme werden der Protektionismus, die Wertbeständigkeit der Währungen und die Konvertibilität (Umtauschbarkeit) der Währungen besprochen. Weiterhin wird die Struktur der Wirtschaft der westlichen und der östlichen Industrieländer behandelt. Ein besonderer Abschnitt wird der Einordnung der "Dritten Welt" in die internationale Arbeitsteilung gewidmet. Im Blick auf die westlichen Industrieländer sowie die Entwicklungsländer wird eine weitere Unterscheidung für notwendig erachtet, nämlich diejenige zwischen regionaler und internationaler Arbeitsteilung. Abschließend werden Perspektiven der Weltwirtschaft erörtert. (GF)

Considers the impact of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks for understanding politics & international relations theory. Focus is on the ramifications for international politics. Following a look at the discipline of terrorist studies, the attacks' consequences for international security are assessed in terms of hard & soft security. Attention is given to globalization as a cause of disaffection & a facilitator of terrorism. The possibility that the US & its foreign policy have an exacerbating effect in some terrorist acts is then considered, along with whether the international system is likely to be more uni- or multipolar in the near future as a function of the (particularly US) response to the terrorist attacks. It is suggested that this response has resulted in increasing international tensions, notably between India & Pakistan. The relationship between security & civil liberties is contemplated in closing. References. J. Zendejas

Examines role of multilateral organizations in maintaining world order; focus on how institutions themselves are governed; since 1919. Theory and reality in international relations, institutionalism, and overcoming the democratic deficit.

This study reports the results of a project to construct dyadic-level data from the International Crisis Behavior (ICB) project data collection. The project defines coding rules used in identifying crisis dyads and applies them to identify 766 crisis dyads for the period from 1918 to 1994. This research makes it possible to perform a careful comparison of crisis dyads to dyads involved in militarized interstate disputes (MIDs). The comparison indicates that conflicts that qualify as both a MID and a crisis are significantly more severe than conflicts that do not pass both thresholds. The study offers a robustness analysis of Russett and Oneal's Triangulating Peace (2001) and finds that two of the three Kantian variables theorized to inhibit conflict involvement maintain a relationship similar to the onset of international crises as they do for MIDs. The analysis indicates that economic interdependence is a somewhat weaker inhibitor of crises than MIDs.

This paper develops a proposal for an international multilevel competition policy system, which draws on the insights of the analysis of multilevel systems of institutions. In doing so, it targets to contribute bridging a gap in the current world economic order, i.e. the lack of supranational governance of private international restrictions to market competition. Such governance can effectively be designed against the background of a combination of the well-known nondiscrimination principle and a lead jurisdiction model. Put very briefly, competition policy on the global level restricts itself to the selection and appointment of appropriate lead jurisdictions for concrete cross-border antitrust cases, while the substantive treatment remains within the competence of the existing national and regional antitrust regimes.

Hierarchical relationships--rules that structure both international and domestic politics--are pervasive. Yet we know little about how these relationships are constructed, maintained, and dismantled. This book fills this lacuna through a two-pronged research approach: first, it discusses how great power negotiations over international political settlements both respond to domestic politics within weak states and structure the specific forms that hierarchy takes. Second, it deduces three sets of hypotheses about hierarchy maintenance, construction, and collapse during the post-war era. By offering a coherent theoretical model of hierarchical politics within weaker states, the author is able to answer a number of important questions, including: Why does the United States often ally with autocratic states even though its most enduring relationships are with democracies? Why do autocratic hierarchical relationships require interstate coercion? Why do some hierarchies end violently and others peacefully? Why does hierarchical competition sometimes lead to interstate conflict and sometimes to civil conflict? Daniel McCormack was Post-Doctoral Fellow at the University of Pennsylvania, USA. His current research focuses on political violence in America.--

The report describes the current status of international cultural relations between Germany
and the UK, and assesses how that will be impacted both directly and indirectly by Brexit. This description of the current position will form, as far as possible, a baseline that
can be used to assess impacts both in terms of numbers and in policy (political and qualitative) aspects. The report proposes options for a German policy response within the EU and bilaterally, between Germany and the UK. It proposes mechanisms for the future. These mechanisms are (where possible) costed.

An at first sight seemingly coherent, global medical workforce, with clearly recognizable specialities, subspecialties and primary care doctors, appears at a closer look quite variable. Even within the most progressive countries as to the development of medical education, with educators who regularly meet at conferences and share major journals about medical education, the differences in structures and regulations are big. This contribution focuses on the preparation, admission policy, duration, examinations, and national competency frameworks in postgraduate speciality training in Germany, the USA, Canada, the UK, Australia and the Netherlands. While general objectives for postgraduate training programs have not been very clear, only recently competency-frameworks, created in a limited number of countries, serve harmonize objectives. This process appears to be a challenge and the recent creation of milestones for the reporting on progress of individual trainees (in the US and in Canada in different ways) and the adoption of entrustable professional activities, a most recent concept that is quickly spreading internationally as a framework for teaching and assessing in the clinical workplace is an interesting and hopeful development, but time will tell whether true harmonization across countries will happen. ; Was auf den ersten Blick als kohärente, globale Einheit der in der Medizin Beschäftigten erscheint, mit klar erkennbaren Fachgebieten, Teilfachgebieten und den Hausärzten, ist beim genaueren Hinsehen doch recht unterschiedlich. Auch in den in der Entwicklung der Medizinerausbildung fortschrittlichsten Ländern, in denen sich die Ausbilder regelmäßig auf Konferenzen treffen und die wichtigsten medizinischen Fachzeitschriften lesen, sind die strukturellen und gesetzlichen Unterschiede sehr groß. Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Vorbereitung, Zulassungspolitik, Dauer, den Examina und den nationalen Kompetenzrahmenbedingungen in der Facharztausbildung in Deutschland, USA, Kanada, dem Vereinigten ...