Suchergebnisse

Media representation is crucial because all knowledge of political and social issues is inevitably and inherently mediated. The main objective of this article is to analyze the visual representation of migrant women during the period 2015-2019 in three Chilean newspapers: El Mercurio, La Tercera, and Publimetro. To achieve this objective, a corpus of 705 photographs published in these newspapers was examined using a visual analysis methodology. The results show that migrant women are visually circumscribed within larger collectives, during travel, transit, and border crossings; at times, they are also depicted in relation to work and housing, as well as their country of origin and these representations often involve racialized markers; and, in some cases, portray them from a maternal or wife role. Thus, it is concluded that these visual representations position migrant women as another passive individuals without agency.

This paper intends to examine the position of women during the patriarchal structure to become strong enough for honorable survival. We apply Gerda Lerner's creation of Patriarchy (1989) in the present study. Patriarchy provokes Women voiceless through various assumptions and ideologies. The study has been conducted through textual analysis of Pakistani Short stories while focusing on different customs and events represented by Pakistani feminists to highlight the patriarchal structures. It shows that women have been treated as objects without caring for their desires. Their disrespect for patriarchal notions may deprive them of their existence as human beings. It also pinpoints that women are oppressed, and subjugated, through patriarchal structures. We discussed female characters in the Pakistani Short story writers' works Shahrazad's Golden Leopard and Masroor's The Monkey Wound. Any struggle to get liberation from oppression results in sexist violence.

Since January 2018, the civic resolution initiative has become one of the institutionalized instruments that allow residents of a municipality to participate in local government. It grants citizens the possibility to actively participate in the legislative process by empowering them to propose a draft resolution. This article aims to present the institution of the civic resolution initiative at the municipal level as seen in the rulings of voivodship administrative courts. It discusses the most significant theses of the judicature relating to the statutory regulation of this institution. Issues analysed include the scope of the entities, the formation and representation principles of committees, and the formal requirements and principles for filing draft resolutions. Additionally, the article employs the legal‑dogmatic method to analyse Article 41a of the Law of 8 March 1990 on municipal self‑government.

AbstractThe present research examines the relationship between emotional vulnerability, economic vulnerability, and intentions to improve financial planning for American households in the post‐Covid‐19 era. Using a survey of 504 household financial decision markers, we show that the effects of psychological fears and concerns experienced during the pandemic (i.e., emotional vulnerability) on post‐pandemic household financial planning intentions are mediated by their perceived economic vulnerability. Specifically, for those who experience higher levels of emotional vulnerability, economic vulnerabilities are perceived to be harsher, further motivating them to raise their financial preparedness. Moreover, we identify an individual factor, personality trait of conscientiousness, as a boundary condition affecting this relationship. Specifically, individuals who are more conscientious tend to be more willing to learn from harsh pandemic experiences and are more willing to adapt in the long run.

This research assesses the challenges facing rural local governments, impediments to addressing them, and the extent to which rural local governments would benefit from additional revenues, management capacity, or partnerships. Using survey data from rural local governments in Wisconsin, findings indicate longstanding problems related to revenue limitations, management capacity, and service delivery remain, but there are also significant concerns about high-speed internet access, affordable housing, and substance abuse. Impediments to addressing challenges include financial limitations, reduced state support, and declining community involvement. Obtaining additional revenues and partnerships with other, nearby local governments were viewed as the most helpful methods to address community challenges. Overall, the results update and expand on existing research on the challenges facing rural local communities, and further highlight the need for additional research on this specific subset of local governments.

Abstract
Plato in the Laws proposes a simulation of nearly ideal conditions regarding the experts' persuasion and observes that even in these circumstances some citizens will not agree with the epistemic authorities. In this paper, such situations are labelled as exhibiting persistent dissent. Plato maintains that persistent dissenters lack the virtue of sōphrosynē, but its meaning is notoriously difficult to decipher. This paper offers to examine the role of sōphrosynē in tackling persistent dissent in light of Plato's reflections on civic participation. This angle will not only uncover the epistemic aspect of sōphrosynē that lays the groundwork for persuasion, but it will also give a less optimistic assessment of the civic theory of the Laws, whilst simultaneously widening our own understanding of the range of disagreements between the experts and the non-experts and the difficulties in removing them.

This study empirically investigates the effects of ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement (ATIGA) tariffs on nontariff measures (NTMs) in Vietnam from 2012 to 2018. Our findings reveal the following: First, our gravity estimation demonstrates that although the reduction of ATIGA tariffs increases Vietnam's imports, the introduction of certain NTM types, particularly price control and finance measures, decreases them. Second, the reduction of ATIGA tariffs tends to introduce price control measures in particular. Third, when ATIGA tariffs decrease, the pre‐shipment inspection, nonautomatic licensing, and finance measures are more likely to be eliminated for products in which Vietnam has high export competitiveness. Fourth, both ATIGA tariffs and ASEAN+1 free trade agreement tariffs have significant effects on the introduction of NTMs in Vietnam. Finally, we found that the reduction in ATIGA tariffs also results in decreasing most favored nation tariffs.

India is the homeland for a great number of indigenous people, who have remained intact despite modern lifestyles and these ethnic groups are known as Tribes or Native people. India's ethnographic tradition is marked by the culture of various Tribes. The tribal struggle after independence can be divided into three categories: struggles that arise due to encroachment by outsiders, struggles as a result of economic hardships and the struggles as a result of separatist attitudes that cause conflict. The key issues faced by them are poverty, debt, illiteracy, slavery, exploitation, sickness and unemployment. Many countries around the world have witnessed industrialization along the tribal belts, resulting in core changes in the tribal culture. The present study analyses the history, cultures and the struggles faced by the tribes based on works of Mahasweta Devi and Gopinath Mohanty.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant upheaval for couples and families, particularly in terms of living arrangements. Emerging adults had to make quick decisions about where and with whom to shelter in place. In this grounded theory study, we explored how 22 young adults, predominantly living in the United States, navigated relationship decisions during the pandemic. The results suggest that participants were intentional about their choices, particularly in terms of moving in together (or not). The pandemic sometimes changed the timing of cohabitation or the pace of dating relationships; however, these decisions unfolded in tandem with common developmental tasks, such as college graduation and launching a career. More broadly, our findings suggest that participants' responses to the pandemic both reflected core aspects of emerging adulthood (e.g., instability, feeling in-between) and also challenged them (e.g., other focus, limited exploration).

The paper considers the main properties of protective coatings applied to the inner surface of pipes and pipe products. The main factors affecting the durability of coatings during the operation of pipelines are indicated, groups of test media and test parameters for the gradation of coatings to different operating conditions are identified. The influence of various aggressive media on pipeline coatings is described, as well as test media and test parameters of protective coatings are considered. The main methods for determining the physical and mechanical characteristics of coatings are given, brief informational and descriptive references for each of them are given. Recommendations are given for testing the protective coatings of the inner surface of pipes for compliance with technical requirements, which, ultimately, will allow the selection of materials most resistant to aggressive field environments.

AbstractEmotions are the focal factor influencing consumer evaluation and behaviour. However, the present literature remains fragmented owing to conflicting findings on effects of emotions. Identifying moderator(s) of emotion's effect resolves these inconsistencies and helps comprehend when emotions are effective marketing tools. This study jointly reviews the literature on eight discrete emotions spanning over two decades (2000–2021), synthesizing and analysing the research on moderators attenuating, intensifying, or even reversing the effect of discrete emotions, documenting them at an individual and situational level. Based on that, an integrated contextually bounded emotion effect framework is advanced that resolves inconsistencies in literature and enables us to (1) draw instructive insights around discrete emotion dynamic effects owing to contextual variability, (2) identify similarities/differences within/across emotions and contextual factors (3) provide research‐informed managerial implication and directions for future research.

Moving beyond the publicness-oriented perspective in Internet censorship studies, this article directs attention to censorship's consequences for users' personal lives. We examine "account bombing" in China, a phenomenon where social media platforms suspend user accounts permanently, and we focus on the loss of the "victims." Notably, people commonly use social media accounts as personal archives that store their digital traces, from which they obtain a sense of self, and perceive the accounts as their private property. We use the dignity takings theory to illustrate the dual harm the victims suffer in account bombing: Censorship deprives them of both their social media accounts and dignity. We propose the concept of "dual dehumanization" to explain the dignity violation in account bombing, as this arbitrary conduct not only occurs in a dehumanizing manner, but also destroys users' identity work and community ties.

AbstractThis article explores Ethiopian girls' narratives of risks and vulnerability during their migratory journeys to, in and from Saudi Arabia. It discusses how risks of deprivation and abuse that drive girls to leave their homes are sustained during the migration process. The research primarily draws on interviews with 35 deported girls from Saudi Arabia to analyse intersecting structural, sociocultural, gendered and personal factors that force them to take these risks. It argues that although Ethiopian girls migrate to escape childhood poverty and vulnerability, these conditions are not averted but reproduced during migration. By foregrounding the experiences of deported girls, the article further discusses how the desire to support familial livelihoods engenders their circular migration and how multiple actors of migration take advantage of their labour and bodies against the backdrop of limited institutional support systems.

Amidst a suffocating climate, given the violence and its supporters, small numbers of Basque citizens decided not to look the other way when the 'other' was killed because of following a different ideology. These dissenters took to the streets to confront the violence, radically placing a bet on dialogue and human rights. And this was done through silence. Their irrefutable ethical stance gradually made an impact on Basque society and, step by step, their work steadily contributed to making peace a viable option in the Basque Country. As it looks back over the years of their struggle, this article wishes to bear witness to the work of those anonymous individuals who belonged to the 'Gesto por la Paz' peace organization, a piece written by someone who had the good fortune of maturing alongside them in an ethical and humanitarian way.

In 2011, a pioneering experience of restorative justice was carried out in Spain through restorative encounters between individuals who had suffered the violence of the terrorist organization ETA and those who had exercised it. These encounters, unthinkable at first, were the seed of a practice that is currently becoming more frequent. This article offers a brief introduction outlining the differences between retributive and restorative justice and then describes the experience taking into consideration the motivation of both victims and perpetrators, the conditions needed to make them possible and the outcomes. This article also provides information regarding the number of encounters, where they took place and who the people in charge of their design and implementation were. The author acted as a mediator in the encounters and provides an account from her perspective as one of the key people involved in the process.