Suchergebnisse

Hardin was wrong. There was not a tragedy of overuse. The Commons were dismantled by the state to make room for the formal economy and higher income user groups. I revisit the history of the Commons as a central, planned space in cities in order to ask two main questions. First, what role did the Commons play for cities and how is its lost felt? Second, how might planning reintroduce the Commons? In response, this research builds a functional theory of self-sufficiency at multiple scales of governance based on the opportunities of the Commons. The conclusion charts an urgent agenda for planning practice during a global population phase shift as cities increasingly house a greater proportion of humanity.

This research was funded by the Spanish projects CGL2014-52670-P, CGL2013-41295-P DINOTUR and CGL2015-69805-P of the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, by the "Sedimentary Basin Analysis" UCM Research Group (Ref. 910429), by the Department of Education, Culture and Sport and the Department of Innovation, Research and University of the Government of Aragón, by the FEDER Aragón 2014–2020 "Construyendo Europa desde Aragón" (FOCONTUR Quality Research Group E04_17R) and by the Instituto Aragonés de Fomento. The authors also thank the UCM Reseach Group "Sedimentary Geology, Paleoclimate and Environmental Change (Ref. 910198). Sonia Campos-Soto is supported by a FPU predoctoral fellowship of the Spanish Ministry of Education (Ref. FPU13/02978).

Diverse studies of the political economy of tax composition across middleincome countries have found that Latin American economies tax upperincome groups much less than do other developing regions, such as East Asia and Eastern Europe (i.e. Di John 2006; Mahon, Chapter 8 in this volume). As the Introduction to this volume suggests, this finding is consistent with the relatively low redistributive capacity Latin American states display when compared to advanced capitalist societies. Sharp within-region differences remain even during periods of significant inequality reduction in the region, such as during the most recent decade (see Lustig and Pereira 2016). Against this backdrop, this chapter analyzes cross-national differences in how distributive preferences map onto class and political attitudes.

Providing financial incentives for companies to invest in productivity-enhancing technologies and practices is the key to productivity growth, according to this latest policy report by Cecilia Jona-Lasinio (ISTAT and LUISS Guido Carli), Stefano Schiavo (University of Trento) and Klaus Weyerstrass (Institut für Höhere Studien). Strong investment should also be made into training and workforce skills to exploit the productivity potential of new business models in the digital economy. Competition policy, although not directly related to productivity, is also emerging as an important tool to shape incentives and foster the efficient allocation of resources both across and within sectors and firms. The report analyses the recent trends in labour and total factor productivity in the EU and beyond and identifies factors that influence productivity.

The creative economy that has begun to get special attention by the Indonesian government opens opportunities for the culinary sector to continue to grow by providing creative added value. Utilizing technological advancements and analyzing consumer's psychographics can help culinary business in promoting their products to the public. Today's consumers have a tendency to share photos they take in a culinary business location on social media. Visual content in the form of photos can be used by culinary business owners for sustainable promotion where content will continue to be provided by consumers. Using descriptive exploratory methods by taking several objects as a case study aims to determine the criteria that trigger consumers to make sustainable digital content for a culinary endeavor.

Agriculture is the backbone of every economy as every country feeds on its natural produces. However, if a country will progress then much effort should be channeled into agriculture in order to feed the industrial sector to add value to them. On this tenet, the study aims to assess the impact that agricultural growth has on poverty alleviation in Africa. The data used for the study were sourced from 1996 to 2017, a panel of 34 African countries. In a panel study, system dynamic panel data estimation method was used in its analysis and the results confirm that agricultural growth positively and consistently impacts poverty alleviation. Moreover, governments' effectiveness in making good policies and providing sound intervention to propagate economic growth will positively reduce poverty

The article deals with the modern manifestations of fiscal space deformations because of digitalisation on the example of electronic residence of taxpayers and an exit capital tax. The theoretical and methodical basis of e-residency is outlined in the digital economy. The Tiebout hypothesis is considered in case of taxpayers`s mobility and information asymmetry. Estonia's legislation and practical experience of implicating a person digital representation is summarized. The advantages and disadvantages of an exit capital tax as a separate form of direct taxation are assessed. Corporate income tax rates in different countries of the world are given. Conclusions about the intensification of inter-country tax competition and the emergence of new offshore configurations have been made.

The past decade of development schemes has been experienced very differently by various groups within the city of Kashgar in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. The recent exacerbation of social inequalities, stratification, and tensions in Kashgar is a structural consequence of two phases of government policies: an accelerated formalization of the economy and remodelling of the city-scape as part of modernistic development implemented before 2014, followed by a phase of strong securitization. Based on long-term ethnographic fieldwork between 2009 and 2017, this paper analyzes the situation, reactions, and strategies of different groups of Uyghur residents of Kashgar to cope with the changing socio-economic and political environment. (Crit Asian Stud/GIGA)

The past decade of development schemes has been experienced very differently by various groups within the city of Kashgar in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. The recent exacerbation of social inequalities, stratification, and tensions in Kashgar is a structural consequence of two phases of government policies: an accelerated formalization of the economy and remodelling of the city-scape as part of modernistic development implemented before 2014, followed by a phase of strong securitization. Based on long-term ethnographic fieldwork between 2009 and 2017, this paper analyzes the situation, reactions, and strategies of different groups of Uyghur residents of Kashgar to cope with the changing socio-economic and political environment. (Crit Asian Stud/GIGA)

By conducting a discourse analysis (SKAD) in the field of academic economics textbooks, this paper aims at reconstructing frames and identity options offered to undergraduate students relating to the questions "Why study economics?"and "Who do I become by studying economics?". The analysis showed three major frames and respective identity offerings, all of which are contextualized theoretically, with prominent reference to the Foucauldian reflection of the science of Political Economy. Surprisingly, none of them encourages the student to think critically, as could have been expected in a pedagogical context. Taken together, economics textbooks appear as a "total structure of actions brought to bear upon possible action" (Foucault), therefore, as a genuine example of Foucauldian power structures.

This article presents a brief case study showing a relationship between changes in the political economy of the Turkish media and the prevalence of conspiracy theories in elite political discourse. It argues that the AK Party elites largely refrained from reliance on conspiracy theories as a political tool until after cultivating a friendly media ecosystem. This supports the argument that political elites tend to perform cost–benefit analyses and will not weaponize conspiracy theories unless they perceive a favourable communications environment in which to do so. Politicians can attempt to use conspiracy theories as effective rhetorical tools against their opponents, but, in a critical media ecosystem, they will refrain from doing so because of the costs to their reputations that such allegations can impose.

Today China and Russia declare the strategic partnership between each other and confidently assure each other in the consistency of their actions and commitment to the mutual growth and win-win cooperation. However, if China's commitment is visible and evident, same cannot be said about Russia: it has been stagnating for over a decade while China's fast growing economy has been conquering the markets throughout the world; Russia has been spoiling its relations with all European states, that are obviously, at now, an economic and political power, and even with the former allies (Ukraine, Armenia, Belarus); and Russia is not only unable to solve the domestic problems but even worsening them, considering the racism, xenophobia and poverty problems.

This article investigates the genealogy of the concept of heritage in the European Commission's (EC) policy discourse from 1973 to 2016. Based on conceptual analysis of 2,412 documents gathered from the EUR-Lex database, the uses of the concept in the EC's policy discourse were categorized into seven thematic areas: nature, environment, and biodiversity; human habitats; economy and employment; agricultural products and foodstuffs; promotion of societal development and stability; audiovisuality and digitalization; and European identity and integration. In the EC's discourse, the concept of heritage develops in the context of intertwined phases of EU integration and cultural Europeanization. The study indicates how the EC mostly governs heritage through implicit cultural policies included in diverse policy sectors other than culture. ; peerReviewed

Telecommunications constitute the core of the digital economy. EU regulation of the sector aims at promoting connectivity and access to very high capacity networks. To that end, and to keep up with technical developments, the regulatory framework is revised from time to time with a view to roll back regulation as competitive markets take hold. Whether or not an activity falls under the regulatory framework for telecommunications, which is the main category under electronic communications services, makes a huge difference as the recent ECJ decision on Skype illustrates. A longer version of this brief was published in Hildegunn Kyvik Nordås (2019), Trade in telecommunications and international trade agreements, Working Paper no. 2019-01, Trade and Investment in Services Associates (TIISA). ; TEPSA policy brief

When implementing sustainable development principles, business should play the core role, and the corporate social responsibility is one of the examples of the active role of enterprises in implementing sustainable development goals. The corporate social responsibility (CSR) describes the companies that are aware of their mission and take responsibility for their impact on society in general. The CSR is vital for sustainability, competitiveness, advance of companies and development of the world economy. The CSR provides benefits for risk controlling, allows cost savings and stipulates affordability of the capital, facilitates stakeholders' relationships and improvement of human resource management. In practice, human rights and corporate social responsibility have become an important aspect of business strategies for many companies.