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In this thesis we analyze the performance of communication networks using game theoretic approaches. The thesis is in two parts. The first part studies the performance of Ad hoc, cellular and transportation networks taking into consideration spatial effects. The second part studies economic issues in the communication networks related to the `net neutrality' regulations. Here we study price competition and revenue sharing mechanisms between the network service providers.In the first part, we use Medium Access Control (MAC) game and Jamming game models to study the performance of a Mobile Ad hoc NETwork (MANET), and routing games to study the performance of a transportation network. In the cellular networks, we study the effect of reducing the spatial density of base stations on the amount of radiation to human body (green networking). Geometric aspects play an important role in the performance of wireless networks. For example, node locations affect the amount of interference. In MANETs, the mobility results in users experiencing different amount of interference from their neighbors, and also due to decentralized nature of the network the users can be selfish in sharing the resources. To model the geometrical properties of the network and selfish behavior of the users we used stochastic geometry and game theory. Our work developed a pricing mechanism and showed that with an `appropriate' price all the users can be made to get a fair share of the resources resulting in global optimal network performance. We also considered an adversarial setting where some of the nodes aim to degrade the performance of the network by jamming other nodes' transmissions.In the second part of the thesis, we study economics aspects in communication networks. Representatives of several Internet access providers (ISPs) have expressed their wish to see a substantial change in the Internet pricing policies. In particular, they would like to see content providers (CPs) pay for use of the network, given the large amount of resources they use. This would be in clear violation of the ``net neutrality'' principle that had characterized the development of the wireline Internet. The thesis explored possibility of a regulator facilitating monetary interactions between the ISPs and CPs in a nonneutral regime. Using tools from game theory and mechanism design we developed two bargaining mechanisms to decide payments between the ISPs and CPs. We showed that if the players bargain before they set the access prices for end users, it results in a favorable equilibrium where every player benefits. We also considered the case where some of CPs make exclusive contracts with the ISPs to get preferential treatment and studied its impact on both the service providers and the end users.As the Internet commerce grows, regulation of the monetary interaction between various service providers is unavoidable. Our work provides important policy guidelines on how the Internet should be regulated such that the end users' interests are protected ; Dans cette thèse, nous analysons les performances des réseaux de communication à l'aide d'approches issues de la théorie des jeux. Cette thèse se présente en deux parties. La première partie étudie la performance des réseaux ad-hoc, cellulaires et de transport en tenant compte d'effets spatiaux. La deuxième partie adresse des problématiques économiques dans les réseaux de communications, liées à la réglementation de la «neutralité du réseau». Ici, nous étudions la concurrence des prix ainsi que des mécanismes de partage des revenus entre fournisseurs de services réseau.Dans la première partie, nous utilisons des modèles de jeu d'accès canal (MAC) et jeu de brouillage pour étudier les performances d'un réseau mobile ad hoc (MANET), et de jeux de routage afin d'étudier les performances d'un réseau de transport. Dans les réseaux cellulaires, nous étudions l'effet de la réduction de la densité spatiale des stations de base sur la quantité de rayonnement au corps humain (réseau vert).Les considérations géométriques jouent un rôle important dans les performances des réseaux sans fils. Par exemple, la position des nœuds affecte le niveau des interférences. Dans les MANETS, la mobilité des nœuds conduit à une observation différente du niveau d'interférences provenant de leurs voisins, et aussi due à la nature décentralisée du réseau, les utilisateurs peuvent adopter un comportement égoïste dans le partage des ressources. Afin de modéliser les propriétés géométriques du réseau ainsi que le comportement égoïste des utilisateurs, nous utilisons la géométrie stochastique et la théorie des jeux. Notre travail a développé un mécanisme de tarification et a montré qu'en définissant un prix approprié, tous les utilisateurs pouvaient être amenés à recevoir une part équitable des ressources conduisant à un optimal global des performances du réseau. Nous considérons aussi une configuration antagoniste où certain nœuds tendent à dégrader les performances du réseau en brouillant les communications des autres nœuds du réseau. Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, nous étudions des aspects économiques dans les réseaux communication. Les représentants de plusieurs fournisseurs d'accès Internet (ISP) ont exprimé leur souhait de voir un changement important dans les politiques de tarification de l'Internet. En particulier, ils aimeraient voir les fournisseurs de contenu (CP) payer pour l'utilisation du réseau, compte tenu de la grande quantité de ressources qu'ils utilisent. Ce qui serait une violation flagrante du «principe de neutralité des réseaux» qui a caractérisé le développement de l'Internet filaire. La thèse a étudiée la possibilité de l'introduction d'un régulateur facilitant les interactions monétaires entre les ISP et les CP dans un régime non neutre. En utilisant des outils issus de la théorie des jeux et de la conception de mécanismes, nous avons développé deux mécanismes de négociation décidant des paiements entre les ISPs et CPs. Nous montrons que si les joueurs négocient avant de fixer les prix d'accès des utilisateurs finaux, ceci conduit à un équilibre favorable où tous les joueurs ressortent gagnant. Nous considérons également le cas où certains CPs établissent des contrats d'exclusivités avec les ISP afin d'obtenir des traitements préférentiels et en étudions l'impact sur les fournisseurs d'accès et les utilisateurs finaux. Avec la croissance du commerce de l'internet, la régulation des interactions monétaires entre différents fournisseurs de services est inévitable. Notre travail fournit des lignes directrices importantes sur la façon dont l'Internet doit être réglementé de telle sorte que les intérêts des utilisateurs finaux sont protégés

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 정치학과, 2012. 2. 권형기. ; 본 연구는 발전국가 이후 한국 자본주의 제도 변화 과정에서 나타난 국가 성격 전환에 관한 연구이다. 구체적인 사례로 하도급 제도를 대상으로 세계화 과정에서 국가 성격의 변화를 경험적으로 밝히고 이의 이론적 성격을 규명하고자 한다. 발전국가의 변천에 관한 기존의 연구는 주로 시장국가 혹은 최소주의적 규제국가라는 단일한 국가 모델로 수렴할 것인가라는 테제를 중심으로 접근해 왔다. 세계화론자들은 자본의 이동이 자유로워지고 자본을 유치하기 위한 경쟁이 치열해지면서 발전국가가 변화하는 세계경제에 부적합하기 때문에 단일한 규제국가 모델로 수렴할 것이라 예측한다. 반면, 신제도주의자들은 각 국가마다 착종된 제도와 문화가 다르기 때문에 "발전국가 이후" 규제국가로의 전환은 발전국가의 개입주의적 성격이 유지되는 경로의존적 제도 변화를 겪게 된다고 주장한다. 발전 경로가 다양할 수 있다는 점에서 제도주의의 입장에 동의하지만 한국의 국가성격 전환에 대한 기존 연구는 발전국가의 유산에만 천착하여 새롭게 재편되는 국가의 역할에 주목하지 못하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 개입주의의 유산을 통해 발전국가의 연속성을 찾는 기존 연구의 문제제기를 벗어나, 시장자유화라는 세계화의 일반적 추세에 따라 한국의 국가 성격 역시 규제국가로의 수렴 과정에 있다는 명제 하에서 한국의 규제국가가 갖는 다양성의 동학을 살피고자 했다. 한국의 발전 모델이 규제국가로 전환된 것은 사실이나 신자유주의적 국가가 상정하는 최소주의적 국가로 변화한 것은 아니다. 오히려 시장질서의 유지를 위한 협치적 개입주의라는 독특한 규제국가 모델을 형성하고 있다. 본 연구는 기존의 국가전환론이 지나치게 정태적인 분석 방법을 사용하여 비교균형론에 머무르는 한계를 지적하고 협치적 규제국가로의 전환을 이해하기 위해 행위자 중심의 이념, 사고, 담론의 정치적 과정을 분석하였다. 한국의 산업화 시기 형성된 발전연합은 공정거래법과 하도급법과 같은 경쟁법의 제도화를 억제했다. 80년대 신자유주의 관료의 등장과 정치엘리트의 정책 기조 전환이 맞물리면서 현재의 하도급 제도의 기원이 형성될 수 있었다. 이후 하도급법의 확대 및 강화를 통해 신자유주의적 규제국가가 아닌 질서 자유주의를 기반으로 하는 규제국가 모델로 재편되는 모습을 보여주었다. 이렇듯 한국의 규제국가가 '최소주의적'인 국가는 아니었지만 불충분한 제도화로 인해 자본의 양극화 문제를 충분히 해소하는 데에는 부족했다. 규제국가의 한계를 인식한 정부는 규제보다 사회적 규범을 통한 문제 해결을 선호했기 때문에 하도급법 강화에 저항적이었다. 이로 인해 중소기업의 불만을 조직하여 대변하는 정치세력의 연동제 도입 노력은 실패로 돌아가고 대신 점진적 개혁이 이뤄졌다. 자본의 패권에 대한 인식과 규제 국가의 능력에 대한 의심에도 불구하고 정부는 탈규제와 시장 방임으로 나아가지는 않았다. 오히려 사회적 규범을 형성하기 위한 사회적 조정을 시도하는 적극적 협치주의를 추구했다. 동반성장위원회는 공정거래위원회와 달리 사회적 합의 기구라는 제도적 조건과 적극적인 정치적 의지로 인해 이익공유제, 업종 적합성 등 중소기업의 불만을 반영한 다양한 대안들을 제시하여 대기업 측을 압박할 수 있었다. 전경련은 집단행동을 통해 이익공유제에 대한 항의를 전달했지만 법제화에 대한 두려움으로 동반위에서의 이탈보다는 강력하게 반대해 온 납품단가 연동제를 수용했다. 결론적으로 한국의 국가 성격은 발전주의 시기 이후 규제국가로의 수렴을 겪었다고 볼 수 있지만 이는 신자유주의 이념에 의한 것이 아니라 질서자유주의에 입각한 규제국가로의 전환이었다. 그러나 규제국가의 딜레마로 인해 강성규제국가보다는 협치적 규제국가라는 타협적 제도화가 이뤄지고 있다. 연성 규범 형성을 위한 협치적 개입주의는 사회적 조정을 통한 제도 변화의 급진성을 가져올 수 있는 새로운 가능성을 보여주지만 강제력의 부재라는 한계 역시 내포하고 있다. ; This study examines how the form of the Korean developmental state has changed in the process of economic liberalization. More specifically, the study analyzes the transformation of the Korean state empirically and theoretically investigating the changes in the subcontracting institutions under the globalization. The main question of the previous research on the tranformation of the developmental state is whether the state develops into one national model, 'minimalist state'. Capital mobility and the competition for capital make the interventionist states insufficiently competitive. Neoliberals predict the convergence of the national diversity under globalization. Institutionalists, on the other hand, insist that although the interventionist state has developed into a regulatory state, the direction of transformation is determined by path dependence. However, the literature on the transformation of the Korean state has paid little attention to the newly constructed role of the state. Unlike the previous literature, this research examines the dynamic process of the transformation of the Korean regulatory state. It is true that although the Korean state has changed from developmental model to regulatory state, it is distinct from minimalist model based on neo-liberal ideology. Rather, a new regulatory model has been formed. State intervention occurs not as a form of transformed developmental intervention, but as a form of governance. In order to understand this transformation, this study analyzes the political process based on the discursive institutionalism. The growth coalition blocked the introduction of the competition law in the era of industrialization. The newly empowered neoliberal bureaucrats and the turn of the policy stance under the new junta regime made it possible to enact the competition law. Since 1980s, the subcontracting law has been gradually reinforced. After enacting the law, the Korean state has developed into the regulatory state based on the ordo-liberalism, not on the neoliberalism. However, it is insufficient for the change to close the widening gap between big businesses and small businesses. The government prefers constructing the governance to strengthening the law in order to resolve the problem. Facing the government's resist, political parties' efforts to rapidly change the law failed. Although the government concerned about the capital mobility, it did not seek de-regulation and laissez-faire policy. Rather, the government tried to form a social norm using the governance. Unlike Fair Trade Commission, the Commission on Shared Growth for largecorporations and Small and medium Enterprises exerted pressure on the big business by proposing alternative plans including profit sharing and lists for SMB business items. Although the Federation of Korean Industries took collective action against the profit sharing plan to adjust the cost of subcontracting to the changes in raw material prices, it had to accept the plan which the FKI had strongly opposed. In conclusion, the Korean state developed into the regulatory state after the "developmental state". However, it does not mean that the role of the state becomes minimal as the neo-liberalsts argue. Nor does it that the state create a new role dependent on the developmental legacy. Using a new-formed governance, the Korean state tried to change the subcontracting institutions. ; Master

The following activities are considered ineligible. 1. Construction of buildings, or portions thereof, used predominantly for general conduct of government (e.g. city halls, courthouses, jails, police stations, etc.) 2. General government expenses. 3. Costs of operating and maintaining public facilities and services (e.g. mowing parks and replacing street light bulbs). 4. Servicing or refinancing existing debt. ; Under the CDAP Economic Development component funds may be used to assist for profit and not-for-profit firms to carry out economic development projects. Generally, CDAP grant funds will be provided by the unit of local government to the profit or not-for-profit business under a financial assistance agreement at agreed upon terms. "Financial assistance" means the provision of funds to an eligible economic development project through the purchase of any note, stock, convertible security, treasury stock, bond, debenture, evidence of indebtedness, certificate of interest or participation in any profit-sharing agreement, preorganization certificate of subscription, transferable share, investment contract, certificate of deposit for a security, certificate of interest or participation in a patent or application therefor, or in royalty or other payments under such a patent or application, or in general, any interest or instrument commonly known as a "security" or any certificate for, receipt for, guarantee of, or option, warrant or right to subscribe to or purchase any of the foregoing, but not including any instrument which contains voting rights in the possession of the Grantee, or other means whereby financial aid is made to or on behalf of an Illinois company as appropriate to the form of agreement, for working capital, the purchase or lease of machinery and equipment, or the lease or purchase of real estate, but does not include refinancing debt. Loans, investments and lines of credit may be extended in participation with other financial institutions. By providing expanded application for CDAP funds, the unit of local government will have enhanced capacity to pool public and private resources in support of a community project. The business may use the funds for land acquisition, construction, reconstruction, installation or rehabilitation of commercial or industrial buildings, structures and other real property; equipment and improvements and working capital expenses. ; The Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) Program was established by the federal Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 (Act). Administered nationally by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), the Act combined eight existing categorical programs into a single block grant program. In 1981, Congress amended the Act to allow states to directly administer the block grant for small cities. At the designation of the Governor, the Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity assumed operation of the State of Illinois Community Development Block Grant -- Small Cities Program in the same year. The Illinois block grant program is known as the Community Development Assistance Program (CDAP). Through this program, funds are available to assist Illinois communities meet their greatest economic and community development needs, with an emphasis upon helping persons of low-to-moderate income. ; "2008 ED GUIDE.doc" ; "9/08"--Colophon. ; The following activities are considered ineligible. 1. Construction of buildings, or portions thereof, used predominantly for general conduct of government (e.g. city halls, courthouses, jails, police stations, etc.) 2. General government expenses. 3. Costs of operating and maintaining public facilities and services (e.g. mowing parks and replacing street light bulbs). 4. Servicing or refinancing existing debt. ; Under the CDAP Economic Development component funds may be used to assist for profit and not-for-profit firms to carry out economic development projects. Generally, CDAP grant funds will be provided by the unit of local government to the profit or not-for-profit business under a financial assistance agreement at agreed upon terms. "Financial assistance" means the provision of funds to an eligible economic development project through the purchase of any note, stock, convertible security, treasury stock, bond, debenture, evidence of indebtedness, certificate of interest or participation in any profit-sharing agreement, preorganization certificate of subscription, transferable share, investment contract, certificate of deposit for a security, certificate of interest or participation in a patent or application therefor, or in royalty or other payments under such a patent or application, or in general, any interest or instrument commonly known as a "security" or any certificate for, receipt for, guarantee of, or option, warrant or right to subscribe to or purchase any of the foregoing, but not including any instrument which contains voting rights in the possession of the Grantee, or other means whereby financial aid is made to or on behalf of an Illinois company as appropriate to the form of agreement, for working capital, the purchase or lease of machinery and equipment, or the lease or purchase of real estate, but does not include refinancing debt. Loans, investments and lines of credit may be extended in participation with other financial institutions. By providing expanded application for CDAP funds, the unit of local government will have enhanced capacity to pool public and private resources in support of a community project. The business may use the funds for land acquisition, construction, reconstruction, installation or rehabilitation of commercial or industrial buildings, structures and other real property; equipment and improvements and working capital expenses. ; The Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) Program was established by the federal Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 (Act). Administered nationally by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), the Act combined eight existing categorical programs into a single block grant program. In 1981, Congress amended the Act to allow states to directly administer the block grant for small cities. At the designation of the Governor, the Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity assumed operation of the State of Illinois Community Development Block Grant -- Small Cities Program in the same year. The Illinois block grant program is known as the Community Development Assistance Program (CDAP). Through this program, funds are available to assist Illinois communities meet their greatest economic and community development needs, with an emphasis upon helping persons of low-to-moderate income. ; Mode of access: Internet.

The following activities are considered ineligible. 1. Construction of buildings, or portions thereof, used predominantly for general conduct of government (e.g. city halls, courthouses, jails, police stations, etc.) 2. General government expenses. 3. Costs of operating and maintaining public facilities and services (e.g. mowing parks and replacing street light bulbs). 4. Servicing or refinancing existing debt. ; Under the CDAP Economic Development component funds may be used to assist for profit and not-for-profit firms to carry out economic development projects. Generally, CDAP grant funds will be provided by the unit of local government to the profit or not-for-profit business under a financial assistance agreement at agreed upon terms. "Financial assistance" means the provision of funds to an eligible economic development project through the purchase of any note, stock, convertible security, treasury stock, bond, debenture, evidence of indebtedness, certificate of interest or participation in any profit-sharing agreement, preorganization certificate of subscription, transferable share, investment contract, certificate of deposit for a security, certificate of interest or participation in a patent or application therefor, or in royalty or other payments under such a patent or application, or in general, any interest or instrument commonly known as a "security" or any certificate for, receipt for, guarantee of, or option, warrant or right to subscribe to or purchase any of the foregoing, but not including any instrument which contains voting rights in the possession of the Grantee, or other means whereby financial aid is made to or on behalf of an Illinois company as appropriate to the form of agreement, for working capital, the purchase or lease of machinery and equipment, or the lease or purchase of real estate, but does not include refinancing debt. Loans, investments and lines of credit may be extended in participation with other financial institutions. By providing expanded application for CDAP funds, the unit of local government will have enhanced capacity to pool public and private resources in support of a community project. The business may use the funds for land acquisition, construction, reconstruction, installation or rehabilitation of commercial or industrial buildings, structures and other real property; equipment and improvements and working capital expenses. ; The Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) Program was established by the federal Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 (Act). Administered nationally by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), the Act combined eight existing categorical programs into a single block grant program. In 1981, Congress amended the Act to allow states to directly administer the block grant for small cities. At the designation of the Governor, the Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity assumed operation of the State of Illinois Community Development Block Grant -- Small Cities Program in the same year. The Illinois block grant program is known as the Community Development Assistance Program (CDAP). Through this program, funds are available to assist Illinois communities meet their greatest economic and community development needs, with an emphasis upon helping persons of low-to-moderate income. ; "2007 ED GUIDE.doc" ; "4/07"--Colophon. ; The following activities are considered ineligible. 1. Construction of buildings, or portions thereof, used predominantly for general conduct of government (e.g. city halls, courthouses, jails, police stations, etc.) 2. General government expenses. 3. Costs of operating and maintaining public facilities and services (e.g. mowing parks and replacing street light bulbs). 4. Servicing or refinancing existing debt. ; Under the CDAP Economic Development component funds may be used to assist for profit and not-for-profit firms to carry out economic development projects. Generally, CDAP grant funds will be provided by the unit of local government to the profit or not-for-profit business under a financial assistance agreement at agreed upon terms. "Financial assistance" means the provision of funds to an eligible economic development project through the purchase of any note, stock, convertible security, treasury stock, bond, debenture, evidence of indebtedness, certificate of interest or participation in any profit-sharing agreement, preorganization certificate of subscription, transferable share, investment contract, certificate of deposit for a security, certificate of interest or participation in a patent or application therefor, or in royalty or other payments under such a patent or application, or in general, any interest or instrument commonly known as a "security" or any certificate for, receipt for, guarantee of, or option, warrant or right to subscribe to or purchase any of the foregoing, but not including any instrument which contains voting rights in the possession of the Grantee, or other means whereby financial aid is made to or on behalf of an Illinois company as appropriate to the form of agreement, for working capital, the purchase or lease of machinery and equipment, or the lease or purchase of real estate, but does not include refinancing debt. Loans, investments and lines of credit may be extended in participation with other financial institutions. By providing expanded application for CDAP funds, the unit of local government will have enhanced capacity to pool public and private resources in support of a community project. The business may use the funds for land acquisition, construction, reconstruction, installation or rehabilitation of commercial or industrial buildings, structures and other real property; equipment and improvements and working capital expenses. ; The Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) Program was established by the federal Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 (Act). Administered nationally by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), the Act combined eight existing categorical programs into a single block grant program. In 1981, Congress amended the Act to allow states to directly administer the block grant for small cities. At the designation of the Governor, the Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity assumed operation of the State of Illinois Community Development Block Grant -- Small Cities Program in the same year. The Illinois block grant program is known as the Community Development Assistance Program (CDAP). Through this program, funds are available to assist Illinois communities meet their greatest economic and community development needs, with an emphasis upon helping persons of low-to-moderate income. ; Mode of access: Internet.

This study investigates the impact of World Bank development policy lending for public sector governance on the quality of public sector management and institutions. The World Bank's Country Policy and Institutional Assessments (CPIA) are used to measure the latter, the study considers only policy conditions targeted at improvements in those areas. The analysis uses a comprehensive country-year panel data set of aid receiving-countries and finds a significant and inverse U-shaped effect of public sector conditions on the quality of public sector governance. For most observed values in the data, the impact is positive, but it turns negative beyond a value of 80 conditions. At that point, the predicted CPIA score is about 0.25 point (0.3 standard deviation) higher than with zero conditions. For most observations, the number of cumulative conditions is below 80, so the estimated effect of more conditions is generally positive. The analysis corrects for potential endogeneity and shows that the results are robust to sample restrictions, the use of an alternative governance measure, and the inclusion of an extended set of control variables. Falsification tests are also consistent with a causal interpretation from conditions to quality of public sector governance. The paper shows that conditions related to public financial management and tax reforms are more effective than those related to anti-corruption or civil service and administrative reform, where progress requires changing the behavior of a larger set of "deconcentrated" actors. The paper concludes by describing some innovative ideas in the Bank's ambitious new public sector management strategy that could improve the effectiveness of its support for public sector governance reform.

national audience This text provides a general reflection on the development of juvenile delinquency in contemporary France. In the first methodological part, he first discussed the question of the statistical data which could be mobilised on the subject. He then asked the category 'young people', stated that there was an age curve of delinquency, identified the use of the concept of criminal 'career' here and discussed possible changes in that regard. In a second part, the text analyses the quantitative and qualitative data available to try to measure and interpret the role of young people (at different ages) in four sets of criminal practices: theft, attacks on persons, road crime and major public order problems. In particular, this examination makes it possible to seriously place minors (or even young people in general) in these practices and to invite a general reflection on their social reasons. ; National audience Ce texte propose une réflexion générale sur l'évolution des délinquances juvéniles dans la France contemporaine. Dans une première partie méthodologique, il discute d'abord la question des données statistiques mobilisables sur le sujet. Il interroge ensuite la catégorie "jeunes", indique qu'il existe une courbe par âge de la délinquance, situe ici l'usage de la notion de "carrière" délinquante et discute les éventuelles modifications intervenues à cet égard. Dans une seconde partie, le texte analyse les données quantitatives et qualitiatives disponibles pour tenter de mesurer et d'interpréter le rôle de la jeunesse (à différents âges) dans quatre ensembles de pratiques délinquantes : les vols, les atteintes aux personnes, la délinquance routière et les principaux troubles à l'ordre public. Cet examen permet notamment de relativiser sérieusement la place des mineurs (voire de la jeunesse en général) dans ces pratiques et d'inviter à une réflexion générale sur leurs raisons sociales.

International audience ; In France, the dairy sector in mountain areas is largely oriented to producing cheese with qualitysigns such as the Protected Designation of Origin (PDO). Despite this strategy of differentiation, a strong dis-parity concerning efficiency exists between French dairy farms. The objective of this paper is to highlight theeconomic performance of dairy farms involved in the differentiation strategy compared to those which aremassively engaged in a cost leadership strategy. We show the performance of these two case studies byanalysing Farm Accountancy Data Network with the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). This non-parametricmethod helps carrying out a diagnosis of farm performance dissociating the pure technical efficiency and thescale efficiency, both components of the measured levels of the total efficiency. Farmers from the plains aremore efficient than those from mountain areas. However, when considering the performance including realmilk price and not only physical outputs, farmers from Franche-Comté (massively engaged in the PDOComté) are as efficient as farmers from Bretagne unlike farmers from Auvergne and Rhône-Alpes regions. ; En France, le secteur laitier des régions de montagne s'est largement orienté vers une stratégiede production de formage sous signe de qualité comme les appellations d'origine protégées (AOP). Malgrél'adoption de cette stratégie de différenciation, de grands écarts existent en termes de d'efficience des exploi-tations laitières. Cette communication propose d'avancer quelques éléments de réflexion sur la performancedes exploitations engagées dans une stratégie de différentiation par rapport à celles engagées dans la stra-tégie de domination des coûts. Nous analysons ces deux situations par la méthode DEA sur la base du trai-tement de données du RICA. Cette méthode non paramétrique nous permet de réaliser un diagnostic de laperformance des exploitations en distinguant leur efficience technique pure de leur efficience d'échelle. Nousmontrons que les exploitations ...

Data was collected in a survey conducted in Francophone cultural institutions worldwide in order to understand how ICT (Information and Communication Technology) modifies the ways in which the French language and culture are accessed, taught, and learned. A number of processes were identified in the behaviours and attitudes observed in actual and potential users of ICT. To explain how the changes triggered by the development of ICT are integrated into scenarios of contact with the French language, the data is analyzed as representing stages in the adoption of innovation, stages which may be dependent on contextual variables. The relationship between official and actual language policy concerning French as a foreign language is presented. A model of development of the adoption of ICT is suggested, in which the various responses to the penetration of ICT are presented as a coherent set of stages. Finally, guidelines for the effective dissemination of French in the context of ICT are outlined. ; Nous présentons une enquête réalisée auprès d'institutions culturelles francophones dans le monde. Les données recueillies, relatives à la présence des TIC (Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication) dans le cadre de la diffusion du français, et à leur impact sur les modes d'accès à cette langue et à sa culture, nous permettent de décrire et d'analyser les phénomènes et processus mis en œuvre par le développement de l'utilisation de ces technologies, afin de comprendre comment se réalise l'articulation avec les directions déclarées de la politique de diffusion du français. Nous expliquons la manière dont les utilisateurs des TIC intègrent et perçoivent les changements que celles-ci induisent dans les pratiques en langue étrangère. Pour ce faire, nous rendons d'abord compte des différences observées, en les analysant comme des marqueurs d'étapes dans l'adoption de l'innovation, étapes dépendantes de paramètres propres aux contextes dans lesquelles elles interviennent. Puis nous confrontons politique linguistique ...

Monkeypox virus is a zoonotic virus endemic to Central Africa. Although active disease surveillance has assessed monkeypox disease prevalence and geographic range, information about virus diversity is lacking. We therefore assessed genome diversity of viruses in 60 samples obtained from humans with primary and secondary cases of infection from 2005 through 2007. We detected 4 distinct lineages and a deletion that resulted in gene loss in 10 (16.7%) samples and that seemed to correlate with human-to-human transmission (p = 0.0544). The data suggest a high frequency of spillover events from the pool of viruses in nonhuman animals, active selection through genomic destabilization and gene loss, and increased disease transmissibility and severity. The potential for accelerated adaptation to humans should be monitored through improved surveillance.

Preface -- Part 1 Landscapes -- Mountain Landscapes and Watersheds of the Hindu-Kush Himalaya (HKH) and their Biogeography: A descriptive overview and introduction for 18 nations in the Anthropocene -- HKH in the global and climate context: Major weather systems, monsoon, Asian Brown Cloud (ABC) and global connections -- From the mountains and glaciers down to the rivers to the estuaries and oceans: A tale of 18 rivers -- HKH in the global and marine context: Major estuaries, 2 billion people and global food security -- A view from space on Poyang Lake: What we can already see and what it means -- Poyang Lake: A local view downstream from the Hindu Kush Himalaya. The Future of Biodiversity in the Changing Watersheds of Kashmir Himalaya, Pakistan: Conservation Challenges and Opportunities -- Towards a Landscape Perspective of Diseases in Plants: An Overview and Review of a Critical but Overlooked Ecology Issue in the Hindu Kush-Himalayan Region -- Change of Hindu Kush Himalaya region through photo monitoring -- Paper parks in the Hindu Kush Himalaya region -- Forestry Management in Nepal: An example and a review of growth & yield -- Part 2 Concepts, Cultures, Religions and the Mind -- What it is like to be a land-locked nation: Examples from Nepal and Bhutan -- Ethnobiology and indigenous regimes in the conservation of species, watersheds, and landscapes: Experiences and evidences from the Hindu Kush-Himalayan nations for a global application -- Spirituality beats it all: A quick overview, self-organization and great value of (indigenous) religions: 2,000 years later -- The terror of your mind: Fear, Anxiety, inherent Chaos and Self-doubt in Himalaya expeditions and research -- Part 3 Real-world Policy, Conservation Management of Wildlife, Habitat, and Biodiversity Data -- The relevance and role of Mid-elevation for conservation in the Hindu Kush Himalaya: A Nepal example -- Nature and landscape governance in royal times: Experiences from the Shah and Rana regimes in Nepal re-assembled from literature and interview data -- Urban Ecology in shops and housing: An example of culture, religion and how (nesting) Barn Swallows, House and Tree Swallows create for a lively human-wildlife link at the commercial interface -- Pallas's Cat in Annapurna, Nepal: What we know thus far and what is to come -- Status of otters in Nepal: A link with ancient waterways and people -- Wildlife Diplomacy and Gifting in the Hindu Kush-Himalaya region: A chronological history and opinion of Nepalese literates -- Birds of Nepal: their status and conservation especially with regards to watershed perspectives -- A governance analysis of the snow leopard, its habitat and data: Who owns charismatic animals and who drives and uses the agenda for what?- The Annapurna Conservation Area Project (ACAP): Towards a success story in landscape feature and watershed conservation management -- The forgotten species and their data: Museums in Nepal and examples -- A rather short story of the GIS data layers in HKH -- A pollination, insect and IUCN view: Ecological Services matter the most -- Sarus Cranes and Stork species hotspots from geo-referenced rapid assessments in Lumbini: Holy species and religious attitudes drive entire ecological communities and services for the benefit of a nation -- Part 4 Very Serious Problems in the HKH nations -- A 'global change' eulogy, sermons and obituaries: Everest, the models, the reality, the governmental mis-behavior, associated institutional terror and the global abuse of the Hindu Kush-Himalaya region -- The gods are angry: A first-hand account and an experience of the earthquake in hindsight -- Hydrodams: Death by over 500 cuts and blockages virtually build without Impact Assessment -- Hydrodams again: Lost Dolphins, expensive Gharials, cut Fish migration, and energy for non-sustainable mining and societies abroad fueling non-democratric governance and industry -- Persistent evidence for a dramatic decline in Langurs in Nepal, and likely elsewhere, too -- Snow Leopards in 2100?- The fate of the great woodpeckers and hornbills in Nepal: No big trees, no life -- Poaching and illegal Trade of Wildlife: What do the media say for the Nepali-Chinese and Nepali-Indian border?- Looking at Road and Railroad Development Data in the Hindu Kush-Himalaya: Rock-solid impacts created by Globalization, The World Bank and its affiliates, as well as by the Great Himalaya Trail -- Why do some many Nepalis, medical doctors, CEOs and Hedge Fund Managers get sick or die on Everest (Sagarmatha, Chomolungma) ? A review and indicators that capitalism went awful while searching human dignity and itself -- Part 5 A fresh look and successful templates for HKH: Business as usual is dead -- Small and effective NGOs as a role model for bigger success: The Global Primate Network (now 'Third Pole Conservancy') -- When Micro drives the Macro: A fresh look at disease and their massive contributions in the Himalaya -- What Mining has in stock down river for Mongolia and beyond: A personal assessment of watersheds and rivers -- Good Citizen Science experience downstream of Everest: The Koshi Birding Club -- Citizen Science experience: Green Youth Club promoting Cranes in Lumbini region -- When governments cannot do it anymore and capitalism, neoliberal policies and globalization get imposed without democracy: Self-organization beyond E. Ostrom -- Quo Vadis the Hindu Kush-Himalaya Realistic Sustainable Development horror scenarios while climate change, human increase and global conservation decay rise further?- Index. .

1. Noted ancient investigations -- 1.1 Size of the Earth -- 1.2 Contributions of Newton and contemporaries -- 1.3 The period after Newton -- References -- 2. Determination of the mean density of the Earth -- 2.1 Bouguer's experiments in Peru -- 2.2 The Schiehallion experiment -- 2.3 Other pendulum and plumb-line experiments -- 2.4 The Michell-Cavendish experiment -- 2.5 Other small-scale experiments -- References -- 3. Spherical harmonics -- 3.1 Solutions of Laplace's equation -- 3.2 Legendre polynomials -- 3.3 Integrals of products of spherical harmonics -- 3.4 Tesseral harmonics -- 3.5 Expansions iQ spherical harmonics -- 3.6 Spherical harmOnICs and Earth oscillation theory -- References -- Theory of the Earth's gravitational attraction -- 4.1 General theorems on gravitational attraction -- 4.2 Attractions due to some particular mass distributions -- 4.3 MacCullagh's formula -- 4.4 Representation of the Earth's surface -- 4.5 Attraction due to spheroidal Earth model -- References -- 5. The figure and moment of inertia of the Earth -- 5.1 The geopotential function -- 5.2 Forms of surfaces of equal density inside rotating Earth model -- 5.3 Relations involving ?a and h -- 5.4 Clairaut's equation on the internal variation of ? -- 5.5 Estimation of the moment of inertia of the Earth -- 5.6 Numerical results on the hydrostatic theory -- 5.7 Use of artificial satellites -- 5.8 International reference systems -- 5.9 Ellipticities of internal surfaces of constant densitys -- References -- 6. Early models of the Earth's density variation -- 6.1 Earth models -- 6.2 Clairaut's equation and the density problem -- 6.3 The Legendre-Laplace density law -- 6.4 Background theory in density determination -- 6.5 Other early model density laws -- 6.6 Numerical results for early models -- 6.7 Some further nineteenth century results -- 6.8 Early evidence on the Earth's rigidity -- 6.9 Early twentieth century models -- 6.9 Early twentieth century models -- 7. Representation of elasticity in the Ear -- 7.1 Stress -- 7.2 Strain and rotation -- 7.3 Model stress-strain relations -- 7.4 Stress-strain relations for the Earth -- 7.5 Interpretation of coefficients in perfect elasticity -- 7.6 Strength of a material -- 7.7 The terms 'fluid' and 'solid' -- 7.8 Pressure and finite strain -- 7.9 Thermodynamic considerations -- References -- 8. Seismic wave transmission -- 8.1 Earthquakes and other sources of seismic waves -- 8.2 Equations of motion of seismic disturbances -- 8.3 Bodily seismic waves -- 8.4 Scalar and vector potentials -- 8.5 Surface seismic waves -- 8.6 Refraction and reflexion of bodily seismic waves -- References -- First approximation to seismic P and S distributions in the Earth -- 9.1 Seismic rays -- 9.2 Effect of the Earth's ellipticity on seismic travel times -- 9.3 Normal and abnormal seismic velocity variation -- 9.4 Bodily seismic phases -- 9.5 Evolution of travel-time tables -- 9.6 Derivation of P and S velocity distributions in the Earth -- References -- 10. Earth models of type A -- 10.1 Introductory theory of density variation in the Earth -- 10.2 Historical background on the Earth's internal layering -- 10.3 The regions A, B, C, D, E, F and G -- 10.4 Density near the Earth's surface -- 10.5 Early evidence on inhomogeneity insitle the upper mantle -- 10.6 Minimum central density -- 10.7 Earth models of type A -- 10.8 Corrections for temperature and inhomogeneity -- Critique of A-type models -- References -- 11. Evidence on compressibility in the Earth -- 11.1 Compression in the Earth -- 11.2 Variation of incompressibility in homogeneous regions -- 11. 3 Some further implications of finite-strain theory -- 11.4 Compressibility-pressure hypothesis -- 11.5 Theory for inhomogeneous regions -- 11.6 Degrees of inhomogeneity in particular regions of the Earth -- 11.7 Solidity of the inner core -- 11.8 Earth models of type B -- References -- 12. Some second approximations -- 12.1 P and S velocities in the mantle -- 12.2 Structure of the outer core -- 12.3 Structure of the inner core -- 12.4 Radius of the Earth's core -- 12.5 The Earth's central density -- 12.6 Further evidence bearing on rigidity in lower core -- 12.7 Improved B-type models -- References -- 13. Evidence from seismic surface waves -- 13.1 Underlying principles in applying surface-wave data -- 13.2 More complex model structures -- 13.3 Direct observation of phase velocities -- 13.4 Allowance for Earth's curvature and gravity -- 13.5 Evidence on crustal structure -- 13.6 Evidence on mantle structure -- 13.7 Surface waves and density variation -- 13.8 Further remarks -- References -- 14. Evidence from free Earth oscillations -- 14.1 Free oscillations of a dynamical system -- 14.2 Approach to the theory of Earch oscillations -- 14.3 Equations of motion of an oscillating Earth model -- 14.4 Solving the equations of motion -- 14.5 Observational data -- 14.6 Early inferences from free Earth oscillation data -- 14.7 The model HB1 -- 14.8 Other models using free Earth osciIlation data -- 14.9 Oscillation evidence on solidity of inner core -- References -- 15. Miscellaneous developments -- 15.1 Equations of state, and related equations, for the Earth's interior -- 15.2 Some miscellaneous Earth models -- 15.3 Monte Carlo techniques -- 15.4 The general problem of 'inverting' observation data -- 15.5 Density and seismic wave amplitudes -- 15.6 Implications of wave-scattering investigations -- 15.7 Deviations from spherical symmetry -- 15.8 Changes in gravitational constant -- References -- 16. Optimum and standard Earth models -- 16.1 General requirements of Earth models -- 16.2 Consequence of non-uniqueness -- 16.3 Approaches to the optimum model problem -- 16.4 Progress towards an optimum Earth model -- 16.5 The problem of a standard Earth model -- References -- 17. Application to other planets and the Moon -- 17.1 Planetary observational data -- 17.2 Assumptions on the Earth's internal composition -- 17.3 Earth, Venus, Mars -- 17.4 Mercury -- 17.5 Moon -- 17.6 Jupiter and Saturn -- 17.7 Uranus and Neptune -- 17.8 Pluto -- 17.9 Further remarks -- References.

In this study, researchers examined the role of the Village Care for Migrant Workers (Desbumi) program in mentoring female migrant workers in Darek Village, Praya Barat Daya District, Central Lombok Regency. This research is field research with data collection steps, namely interviews, documentation and observation. Therefore, this research aims o find out female migrant worker assistance patterns through the Desbumi program in Darek Village, Praya Barat Daya District, Central Lombok Regency. The results and discussion in this study are that the Desbumi program has three roles. First. Information center provides information to migrant workers about safe and legal migration (safety migrations). Second is the mobility data center, which assists prospective migrant workers in arranging migration filings at the village office. Third, the center for case advocacy, namely the role in providing protection and assistance to migrant workers who experience problems abroad. Meanwhile, the pattern of assisting female migrant workers in the Desbumi program approach is namely. First, pre-work mentoring, namely conducting socialization to the community by bringing migration flyers that have been given by Migrant Care and from the BNP2TKI office in Central Lombok Regency. It then provides an opportunity for people to ask questions about safe migration. Second, after work assistance, the Desbumi program can carry out consolidation and integration with Migrant Care, PPK and BNP2TKI if they encounter problems with migrant workers abroad. Furthermore, they confirm through social media with the Desbumi program in Darek Village, Praya Barat Daya District, Central Lombok Regency. Third, post-work mentoring, where former migrant workers are empowered in the village with various empowerment approaches. These approaches included making crackers, chips, sewing training and soft skills activities supported by the village government, Migrant Care, the Mataram City Panca Karsa Association (PPK), and BNP2TKI Central Lombok Regency Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti mengkaji peran dari program Desa Peduli Buruh Migran (Desbumi) dalam pendampingan buruh migrant perempuan di Desa Darek Kecamatan Praya Barat Daya Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan dengan langkah pengumpulan data yakni wawancara, dokumentasi dan observasi. Oleh karenaitu, tujuan dalam penelitian ini yakni untuk mengetahui bagaimana pola pendampingan buruh migrant perempuan melalui program Desbumi di Desa Darek Kecamatan Praya Barat Daya Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Hasil dan pembahasan dalam penelitian ini yakni, bahwasannya program Desbumi memiliki tiga peran seperti. Pertama. Pusat Informasi yakni untuk memberikan informasi pada buruh migrant tentang bermigrasi yang aman yang legal. Kedua, pusat data mobilitas yakni untuk membantu calon buruh migrant mengurus pemberkasan migrasi di kantor desa. Ketiga, pusat advokasi kasus yakni peran dalam memberikan perlindungan dan pendampingan pada buruh migran yang mengalami permasalahan di luar negeri. Sedangkan pola pendampingan buruh migrant perempuan dalam pendekatan program Desbumi yakni. Pertama, pendampingan sebelum bekerja yakni melakukan sosialisasi ke masyarakat dengan membawa pamphlet migrasi yang sudah diberikan oleh pihak Migrant Care serta dari kantor BNP2TKI Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Kemudian memberikan kesempatan bagi masyarakat untuk bertanya tentang migrasi yang aman. Kedua, pendampingan setelah bekerja yakni program Desbumi dapat melakukan dengan konsolidasi dan integrasi dengan Migran Care, PPK dan BNP2TKI jika menerima problematika buruh migran di luar negeri, dan melakukan konfirmasi melalui media social dengan adanya program Desbumi di Desa Darek Kecamatan Praya Barat Daya Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Ketiga, pendampingan purna bekerja yakni mantan buruh migrant diperdayakan di desa dengan berbagai pendekatan pemberdayaan yakni pembuatan kerupuk, keripik, pelatihan menjahit dan kegiatan soft skill yang di dukung oleh pemerintah desa, pihak Migran Care, pihak Perkumpulan Panca Karsa (PPK) Kota Mataram, dan BNP2TKI Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti mengkaji peran dari program Desa Peduli Buruh Migran (Desbumi) dalam pendampingan buruh migrant perempuan di Desa Darek Kecamatan Praya Barat Daya Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan dengan langkah pengumpulan data yakni wawancara, dokumentasi dan observasi. Oleh karenaitu, tujuan dalam penelitian ini yakni untuk mengetahui bagaimana pola pendampingan buruh migrant perempuan melalui program Desbumi di Desa Darek Kecamatan Praya Barat Daya Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Hasil dan pembahasan dalam penelitian ini yakni, bahwasannya program Desbumi memiliki tiga peran seperti. Pertama. Pusat Informasi yakni untuk memberikan informasi pada buruh migrant tentang bermigrasi yang aman yang legal. Kedua, pusat data mobilitas yakni untuk membantu calon buruh migrant mengurus pemberkasan migrasi di kantor desa. Ketiga, pusat advokasi kasus yakni peran dalam memberikan perlindungan dan pendampingan pada buruh migran yang mengalami permasalahan di luar negeri. Sedangkan pola pendampingan buruh migrant perempuan dalam pendekatan program Desbumi yakni. Pertama, pendampingan sebelum bekerja yakni melakukan sosialisasi ke masyarakat dengan membawa pamphlet migrasi yang sudah diberikan oleh pihak Migrant Care serta dari kantor BNP2TKI Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Kemudian memberikan kesempatan bagi masyarakat untuk bertanya tentang migrasi yang aman. Kedua, pendampingan setelah bekerja yakni program Desbumi dapat melakukan dengan konsolidasi dan integrasi dengan Migran Care, PPK dan BNP2TKI jika menerima problematika buruh migran di luar negeri, dan melakukan konfirmasi melalui media social dengan adanya program Desbumi di Desa Darek Kecamatan Praya Barat Daya Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Ketiga, pendampingan purna bekerja yakni mantan buruh migrant diperdayakan di desa dengan berbagai pendekatan pemberdayaan yakni pembuatan kerupuk, keripik, pelatihan menjahit dan kegiatan soft skill yang di dukung oleh pemerintah desa, pihak Migran Care, pihak Perkumpulan Panca Karsa (PPK) Kota Mataram, dan BNP2TKI Kabupaten Lombok Tengah.

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak eksternalitas dari industri PT. Eratex Djaja terhadap kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat dalam perspektif Ekonomi Islam. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan strategi penelitian lapangan secara deskriptif analisis. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Kemudian, validasi data dengan triangulasi sumber data. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pabrik tekstil ini berdampak eksternalitas positif terhadap perekonomian masyarakat yaitu dengan terserapnya tenaga kerja dan terbukanya peluang usaha sehingga dapat meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat dan akan berimbas pula pada peningkatan dalam bidang pendidikan, bidang kesehatan, dan agama. Dampak negatif PT. Eratex Djaja terhadap masyarakat yaitu menimbulkan kemacetan akibat arus pergantian shift karyawan yang jumlahnya ribuan. Selain itu terdapat dampak negatif turunan seperti terjadinya penumpukan sampah akibat adanya pasar di belakang pabrik.Kata kunci: Eksternalitas, PT. Eratex Djaja Probolinggo, Ekonomi Islam. ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the impact of externalities from the industry PT. Eratex Djaja on the socio-economic conditions of society in the perspective of Islamic Economics. The method used is qualitative with a descriptive analytical field research strategy. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Then, validate by triangulating data sources. This study found that this textile factory had a positive externality impact on the community's economy, namely by absorbing labor and opening up business opportunities so that it could increase people's income and would also have an impact on improvements in the fields of education, health and religion. The negative impact of PT. 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Mención Internacional en el título de doctor ; Particle track reconstruction in high-energy physics is used for purposes that include simulation, particle analysis, and particle collision filtering and recording. The LHCb experiment at CERN is undergoing an upgrade where improvements are being applied to the detectors, hardware and software. One of the main changes of this upgrade includes the removal of the "hardware filter" which used custom electronics to filter particle collisions, and its substitute: the "software filter". This new filter is composed of commodity hardware which must be able to process a data rate of 40 Tb per second in real-time. Different architectures are being considered to achieve this goal, and the software used to compute it must be optimized and improved to achieve the target data throughput. This software filter is used to reconstruct particle collisions, also known as events, including the trajectories of the resulting particles, which later are analyzed and used to help explain problems like the matter-antimatter asymmetry. This thesis explores different opportunities with multi and manycore architectures, to improve the throughput processing of particle collisions, and the maintainability and improvement of the source code used for it. The Kalman filter algorithm is widely used in high-energy physics for particle reconstruction, and the Intel Xeon Phi KNL processor offers a many-core x86 architecture that is well suited for parallel workloads. Performance and maintainability improvements are discussed, where optimization are targeted towards the Intel Xeon Phi processor. GPU architectures are a good fit for high-energy physics workloads, where its highly parallel architecture can benefit the throughput processing of it. A GPU framework for event filtering is discussed, in particular the optimizations and changes implemented to a tracking algorithm to deliver high-throughput. Finally vectorization opportunities for CPUs are explored by using data-oriented algorithms and constructs that benefit the vector units found in x86 processors. A SPMD compiler that resembles programming for GPUs is used to improve the readability and performance of these algorithms. ; La reconstrucción de trayectorias en física de partículas se usa con distintos fines entre los que se incluyen la simulación, el análisis y el filtrado y recogida de las colisiones entre protones. El experimento LHCb del CERN se encuentra en pleno proceso de actualización en el que cambios y mejoras serán aplicadas a los detectores, los procesadores y el software. Uno de los principales cambios incluye la eliminación del "filtro hardware" basado en circuitos integrados específicos para estas aplicaciones, por un "filtro software". Este nuevo filtro está compuesto por procesadores de distintas arquitecturas que deben ser capaces de procesar un ratio de datos de 40 Tb por segundo, en tiempo real. Distintas arquitecturas están siendo consideradas para alcanzar este objetivo, y el software utilizado para procesarlo debe ser optimizado y mejorado para conseguir alacanzar el objetivo de rendimiento de procesamiento de datos. Este filtro basado en software es usado para reconstruir las colisiones entre partículas, también conocidas como eventos, lo que incluye las trayectorias que se producen tras la colisión entre protones. Estas son procesadas y analizadas posteriormente, lo que ayuda a entender y explicar problemas como la asimetría entre materia y antimateria. En esta tesis se exploran las potenciales oportunidades que ofrecen las arquitecturas con múltiples núcleos de procesamiento para mejorar el rendimiento al procesar las colisiones entre partículas y el mantenimiento y mejora del código fuente usado para ello. El algoritmo filtro de Kalman es ampliamente utilizado en física de partículas para la reconstrucción de partículas, y el procesador Intel Xeon Phi KNL ofrece una arquitectura x86 con múltiples núcleos que está bien adaptada a cargas de trabajo paralelas. Las arquitecturas GPU se adaptan bien a los problemas encontrados en física de partículas, donde su arquitectura masivamente paralela puede beneficiar el rendimiento de procesado. En esta tesis se discute un framework software basado en GPUs para filtrado de eventos, en particular se discuten las optimizaciones y cambios implementados para un algoritmo de reconstrucción para conseguir un alto rendimiento. Finalmente se exploran las oportunidades que presenta la vectorización en CPUs utilizando algoritmos orientados a datos y estructuras que mejoran las unidades de vectorización en los procesadores x86. Un compilador de modelo SPMD que utiliza un modelo similar al utilizado con GPUs, se utiliza para mejorar la legibilidad y rendimiento de los algoritmos. ; Thanks to the Spanish MINISTERIO DE ECONOMÍA Y COMPETITIVIDAD though project grant TIN2016-79637-P TOWARDS UNIFICATION OF HPC AND BIG DATA PARADIGMS, the EU Project ICT 644235 "REPHRASE: REfactoring Parallel Heterogeneous Resource- Aware Applications", Spanish "Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad" under the project grant TIN2016-79637-P "Towards Unification of HPC and Big Data Paradigms", and Madrid Regional Government, CABAHLA-CM (ConvergenciA Big dAta-Hpc: de Los sensores a las Aplicaciones) grant number S2018/TCS-4423. ; Programa de Doctorado en Ciencia y Tecnología Informática por la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid ; Presidente: David Exposito Singh.- Secretario: Manuel Prieto Matías.- Vocal: Marco Danelutto

ABSTRACT : SERVICE QUALITY PERCEPTIONS AND PATIENTS SATISFACTION: A STUDY OF PUBLIC HEALTH CENTRES AT WAY HALIM BANDAR LAMPUNG 2018 Background: Patients' perceptions about health services seem to have been largely ignored by health care providers in developing countries. That such perceptions, especially about service quality, might shape confidence and subsequent behaviors with regard to choice and usage of the available health care facilities is reflected in the fact that many patients avoid the system or avail it only as a measure of last resort. Public services are the responsibility of the government and implemented by government The pre-survey of Public Health Centres (Puskesmas) service satisfaction in Bandar Lampung is still under the standard, whereas the satisfaction index of respondents to service at Public Health Centers (Puskesmas) at Way Halim 71, 66%. Purpose: The relationship of service quality to outpatient satisfaction level at Way Halim Health Center-Bandar Lampung 2018. Methods: This research is a quantitative research, using Analytical Survey method with Cross Sectional approach. The research was conducted is approved at Way Halim Public Health Center of Bandar Lampung City in February 2018. The population in this study is the average number of patients per month 435 people, sample 207 people. Sampling technique with accidental sampling. Data collection using questionnaire sheet. Data processing editing, coding, processing, cleaning. Analysis of data with univariate and bivariate (Chi Square). Results: Known as 126 (60,9%) said satisfied, 102 (49,3%) medical support facilities, 96 (46,4%) good reliability, 105 (50,7%) good responsiveness, 126 60.9%) good guarantees and as many as 51 (24.6%) good empathy. Conclusion: There is a correlation between physical evidence (p-value: 0,000 and OR: 3,859), reliability (pvalue: 0,000 and OR: 4,202), responsiveness (p-value: 0,000 and OR: 4,725), assurance (p-value: 0.000 and OR: 5,440) and empathy (p-value: 0,000 and OR: 6,944) with patient satisfaction of Puskesmas Way Halim Bandar Lampung City. It is expected to further improve the development effort in patient service, such as: clear to the family, provide motivation to the officers such as giving exemplary staff rewards. Pendahuluan: Persepsi pasien tentang layanan kesehatan tampaknya telah diabaikan oleh penyedia layanan kesehatan di negara-negara berkembang. Bahwa persepsi seperti itu, terutama tentang kualitas layanan, dapat membentuk kepercayaan diri dan perilaku selanjutnya sehubungan dengan pilihan dan penggunaan fasilitas perawatan kesehatan yang ada tercermin dalam kenyataan bahwa banyak pasien menghindari sistem atau memanfaatkannya hanya sebagai upaya terakhir. Survei kepuasan layanan Puskesmas di Kota Bandar Lampung masih di bawah standar, sedangkan indeks kepuasan responden untuk pelayanan di Puskesmas Way Halim 71, 66%. Tujuan: Diketahui hubungan kualitas pelayanan dengan tingkat kepuasan pasien rawat jalan di Puskesmas Way Halim Kota Bandar Lampung 2018. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif, dengan menggunakan metode Analytical Survey dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Penelitian telah dilakukan di Puskesmas Way Halim Kota Bandar Lampung pada bulan Februari tahun 2018. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah rata-rata jumlah pasien per bulan sebanyak 435 orang, sampel 207 orang. Teknik sampling dengan accidental sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar kuesioner. Pengolahan data editing, coding, processing, cleaning. Analisis data dengan univariat dan bivariat (Chi Square). Hasil: Diketahui sebanyak 126 (60,9%) mengatakan puas, sebanyak 102 (49,3%) bukti fisik baik, sebanyak 96 (46,4%) kehandalan baik, sebanyak 105 (50,7%) daya tanggap baik, sebanyak 126 (60,9%) jaminan baik dan sebanyak 51 (24,6%) empati baik. Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan antara bukti fisik (p-value: 0,000 dan OR: 3,859), kehandalan (p-value: 0,000 dan OR: 4,202), daya tanggap (p-value: 0,000 dan OR: 4,725), jaminan (p-value: 0,000 dan OR: 5,440) dan empati (p-value: 0,000 dan OR: 6,944) dengan kepuasan pasien Puskesmas Way Halim Kota Bandar Lampung tahun 2018. Diharapkan lebih meningkatkan upaya pengembangan dalam pelayanan pasien, seperti: membuat suatu prosedur penerimaan pasien yang singkat dan jelas kepada pihak keluarga, memberikan motivasi ke petugas seperti pemberian reward pegawai teladan. ; Infeksi nosokomial sangat berpengaruh terhadap kondisi kesehatan secaramenyeluruh yang dapat meningkatkan morbiditas, mortalitas, hari rawat penderita yanglama, dan beban biaya menjadi semakin besar. Tujuan penelitian tesis ini adalah untukmenganalisis dan menyimpulkan faktor endogen dan eksogen yang berhubungan denganFaktor-faktor risiko infeksi nosokomial pada luka operasi bersih di ruang perawatanbedah RS Yukum Medical Center Kabupaten Lampung Tengah.Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian survei analitik, yaitu pengumpulan datadiambil langsung dari sumber primer. Populasi yang dimaksud dalam penelitian ini adalahpasien jenis operasi bersih di Ruang perawatan Rumah Sakit Yukum Medical CentreKabupaten Lampung Tengah sebanyak 30–40 orang perbulan, dengan sampel sebanyak60. Teknik pada penelitian ini adalah uji Chi Square (X2) dan analisis multivariatdilakukan pengujian secara bersama-sama sehingga dapat dilihat variabel mana yangpaling berhubungan dengan infeksi nosokomial pada luka post operasi bersih.Hasil penelitian didapatkan hasil uji interaksi umur dan penyakit penyertaterhadap terjadinya infeksi nosokomial pada luka operasi bersih di Ruang PerawatanBedah RS Yukum Medical Center Kabupaten Lampung Tengah Tahun 2012 merupakanvariabel yang paling dominan yang menyebabkan terjadinya infeksi nosokomial denganp-value = 0,032 dan p-value = 0,000. Saran, Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapatmemberikan masukan untuk pengambilan kebijakan manajemen Rumah Sakit YukumMedical Center dalam pengendalian faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi terjadinyainfeksi nosokomial pada luka operasi bersih.Kata Kunci : Kejadian, Faktor, Infeksi Nosokomial