Suchergebnisse

This work was supported by grants to AB from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry (SAF2015-70882-R; AEI/FEDER, UE), Comunidad Auto´noma de Madrid (S2010/BMD-2420), Instituto Salud Carlos III (RETICS TerCel, RD12/0019/0018) and the European Commission (FP7-HEALTH2009/CARE-MI). AMS was supported by grants from the MINECO (SAF2010–17167) and Instituto Salud Carlos III (RETICS TerCel, RD12/0019/0013), and MFF and RGU by grants from the Plan Nacional de I+D+I 2013-2016/FEDER (PI15/ 00892), the Asturias Regional Government (GRUPIN14-052), the IUOPA (Obra Social Cajastur) and the Fundacio´n Cientı´fica de la AECC. SGL held a predoctoral fellowship from the Spanish Programa de Formacio´n del Profesorado Universitario.

The primary purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between oil revenues and government budget in Iraq for 2006-2016. The study found that, Iraq's oil production curve in recent years has remarkably specified the positions, even if not mainly at the levels estimated earlier, as more positive forecasts. Iraq has developed to be the world's fourth-largest oil exporter. This study confirmed that, the critical element for Iraq's economy is that, the country depends on oil and 97% of the government revenues are from its oil exports. While challenges continue to achieve the aims of increased oil production, opportunity for Iraq's resources to produce revenue and pay for broad-based economic development still exists.

We introduce consumption habits into an exogenous growth model augmented with a detailed government sector, and calibrate the model to Bulgarian data for the period following the introduction of the currency board arrangement (1999-2016). We show that in contrast to the case without habits, e.g., Vasilev (2009), when the economy features saddle-path stability, the habit motive alone leads to equilibrium indeterminacy in the model. When habits enter multiplicatively in the representative agent's utility function, the setup exhibits "sink" dynamics, and equilibrium paths are determined by "animal spirits". These results are in line with the findings in the literature, e.g., Benhabib and Farmer (1994, 1996) and Farmer (1999), and have major implications for polcy-making and welfare.

The teaching of Packaging Design started late in China, but develops fast. After experiencing the changes of economy, politics and culture, it has entered a new era of self-publicity. The Chinese style has come out quietly with a strong momentum. The contents of packaging design in the new era pay more attention to the spiritual level, and become a bridge between the society and people, forming an aesthetics concept with the spirit of the Chinese people. Based on the application of Chinese style in the course of Packaging Design, this paper discusses the characteristics of Packaging Design with Chinese style and the problems of traditional Packaging Design, and puts forward how to better apply Chinese elements in Packaging Design.

The evaluation of a tax system - that is, the set of legal rules that governs the exercise of authoritative rule by various government entities in the form of tax collection in the country - is notoriously controversial in Brazil, as elsewhere. The tax system plays a central role in a modern economy, insofar as it affects a country's economic growth and competitiveness in various and complex ways, as well as its social and regional distribution of income. It is also a crucial way to determine how much of the costs each group of citizens and companies, and from which regions of the country, will have to shoulder to finance a given State type and size, and its provision of public services and goods.

This study attempts to find answer to the question of whether Nigeria should intensify effort to draw home more foreign investment; would more of foreign investment inflows accelerate Nigeria economic performance? Methodologically, annual time series data from 1986 to 2018 was analyzed using ARDL approach. The key findings are that, although FDI has long-run positive impact on economic growth, FPI has no operational effect on the growth; this is true of FPI both in the long-run and short-run. Furthermore, labour force and trade openness were found to have long-run and short-run positive impact on growth. Hence, government must tactically open up economy to trans-border trade, increase labour supply and intensify effort to attract more FDI.

UK: Статтю присвячено питанням розвитку біржової діяльності в Україні. Наведено характерні риси вітчизняного біржового ринку. Проаналізовано динаміку кількості бірж, їх видовий склад та співвідно-шення спотового та строкового ринків. Досліджено моделі регулювання діяльності біржового ринку, які вико-ристовуються у різних країнах світу. Визначено шляхи подолання основних проблем функціонування бірж в Україні через проведення ефективної державної політики та здійснення відповідних заходів. EN: Exchange trade is a special form of trade and one of the main types of wholesale trade and is an extremely important phenomenon for economic growth. Accordingly, exchange activity is a leading link in a market economy and is a complex mechanism that responds sensitively to all socio-economic, political and socio-psychological processes taking place in the country

The role of government is crucial in building an effective science and innovation System. The economic growth of China is a knowledge-based economy, but more investment is needed to help boost human creativity and economic output. The current global technological leadership has touted China from been copying to fixed for a purpose, which makes China the extraordinary economic development from imitation to innovation as well as enormous investment in innovation, in which the government plays a critical fundamental role in the technological innovation of the country. The key drivers that were identified are science technology innovation policy, science driven by globalization and entrepreneurship. In furtherance, there were key challenges China still battling with, which include the strategic innovation ecosystem and human resource capital.

One of the issues debated by Arab linguists and interpreters of the Quran is whether all the words in the Koran come from native Arabic, or are there uptake words from foreign languages used in the Koran. The analysis of linguists states that the absorption words in various languages can arise due to geographical location, trade relations, immigration, politics, culture, economy, industry, and others. In the context of absorption words in the Koran the scholars are divided into three opinions, namely the group of scholars who reject the absorption of words in the Koran; Second, groups who believe that there are absorption words in the Koran; and third, which takes a middle ground with a view that the word uptake in the Koran has its specificities.

In this article, we examine the mechanisms of corporate political activity of service multinational enterprises (SMNEs) operating in an emerging economy. Reporting the findings of qualitative interviews with key decision-makers in Ukraine, the article illuminates how SMNEs operating in turbulent institutional contexts can enact various corporate political strategies, which include social responsibility activities to mitigate the market costs and develop legitimacy. The findings elucidate how government agencies and institutions may also invoke corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a strategy. The article makes key contributions, firstly, it underscores the complementary dynamics between CPA and CSR strategies in host markets characterised by weak and incomplete institutions. Secondly, the article contributes to the relatively underexplored nature of service sector MNEs operating in such institutional contexts.

Armenia has made steady improvements in gender equality over the years through a strategic focus on integrating gender concerns into operations of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) in the country. This report examines Armenia's progress in achieving gender equality in the government, economy, society, and culture. It analyzes gender issues in key sectors such as energy, transport, and urban development as well as the challenges of mainstreaming gender equality and promoting women's empowerment in ADB programs and projects. Developed in cooperation with the government and other partners, this country gender assessment identifies gender entry points to improve gender equality outcomes and ultimately intends to be a guide in developing and implementing policies, programs, and projects with a social and gender perspective.

A successful circular economy can only exist when it relies solely on renewable energy sources. The adoption of resilient business models and the consequent redesign of legislation on all sectors are essential to ensure sustainable economic growth. Wind energy can offer clean and renewable energy with a low environmental impact. Nevertheless, waste in end of life composite materials resulting from wind turbines is a problem that needs to be addressed. Composite materials are commonly used in wind turbines due to their excellent mechanical properties, matched by low weight. Notably, the recycling technologies of such materials is limited. Material flows and estimations of end of life materials are of great importance and will convince stakeholders that markets for recycling composites are viable investments.

Abstract: The Sharia capital market is currently growing rapidly in the Indonesian economy. One of the instruments, namely sukuk, is being aggressively fulfilling govern­ment needs. Sukuk is widely used as a means of financing the APBN for infrastructure development. In addi­tion, sukuk is also used as a means of investment by the community. Sukuk is the safest investment among investors because it is guaranteed by the government.Abstrak: Pasar modal Syariah saat ini sedang berkembang pesat di perekonomi Indonesia. Salah satu instrumennya yaitu sukuk sedang gencar dalam memenuhi kebutuhan pemerintah. Sukuk banyak dijadikan sebagai sarana pembiayaan APBN untuk pembangunan infra­struktur. Selain itu, sukuk juga dijadikan sebagai sarana investasi oleh masyarakat. Sukuk adalah investasi paling aman dikalangan para investor karena dijamin oleh pemerintah.

Brexit has been debated and unpicked to exhaustion. Writing in February 2019, Brexit is beginning to feel like a bad soap opera whose scriptwriter has run out of ideas. The plot is going round in circles. And yet, most discussions revert one way or another to sovereignty, migration and economy – all with clear nationalistic and imperialistic overtones. Debates about people or 'the people' seem to be at the core of these discussion, especially when it comes to migration. All such debates are implicitly or explicitly about 'us' and 'them'. This binary(ies) need challenging. What is also needed is a recognition of the multiple further intersections and subgroups within these binaries of groups of people.

Demonetization refers to the withdrawal of particular currency (legal tender currency of country) from circulation. Demonetization done to reduce the black money, eradicate fake currency and to promote digital India. This is the bold step taken by the Indian government on 8 November 2016 for the betterment of the economy and country. In this paper, perception of general public toward tax disclosure after demonetization is analyzed through primary data collected .Questionnaire is prepared for primary data and filled with 81 respondents i.e. trader, manufacturer and service provider of Delhi NCR and this data used for further analyses by using descriptive table . After this research work, I concluded that almost all have neutral opinion toward demonetization impact on tax disclosure.