What are chances and challenges of referring to human rights law in defining crimes under international law? Under what circumstances is a reference to human rights law dogmatically appropriate and practically likely? The answers to these questions are explored through a look at the theoretical framework, practical application in jurisprudence as well as empirically through interviews with judges. By highlighting the common roots and the differences between both areas of law, the existing inconsistencies in the application of the law, as well as approaches which could contribute to their solution, the book presents a crucial contribution to the debate on legal certainty and innovation in international criminal law
This Special Project has carried out three broad purposes.First, it has synthesized and organized materials concerning drugs and criminal responsibility into a useful guide for legal practitioners and others interested in the problems of the drug dependent defendant. Second, it has identified serious analytical flaws in many of the defenses available to the criminal defendant. Finally,it has responded to these deficiencies with proposals intended to protect not only the legal rights of the drug dependent defendant but also the rights of society pertaining to criminal justice. While these societal interests include the swift imposition of criminal penalties when warranted, they should not be allowed to diminish the concomitant rights of the criminal defendant. In fact, societal rights would be better served by a reexamination and reinterpretation of several traditional legal theories concerning drugs and criminal defendants. A recognition by courts and legislatures of the existing analytical flaws should lead to the development of more equitable theories and a search for alternative forms of treatment and rehabilitation for the drug dependent defendant. Rather than hiding behind the guise of legal history and moral judgment, courts and legislatures should respond to illogical and insufficient theories that fail to deal with the drug dependent defendant in an equitable and just manner.
The current draft of the Criminal Code is inseparable from the idea that the legal characteristics in Indonesia are the adoption of the societys social order which is reflected in the living code of cultural values and social life in Indonesian society which is heterogeneous and plural. The existence of cultural values as a developing law in the society cannot be denied its role in a basic framework for the arrangement of national criminal law in the future. The problem examined in this research is formulated into the following questions: What are the influences of cultural values on the renewal of criminal law? What are the implications of Pancasila values on the development of the current criminal law? The method used in this research was normative legal research method where the law is conceptualized as a method. This research is a legal research using a conceptual and legislation approach that will review the related law. The results of this research provide an understanding to pay attention to the characteristics of criminal law in Indonesia in accordance with the characteristics of Indonesian citizen which is based on the philosophy of Pancasila. It needs to be emphasized since the future renewal of the Criminal Code is expected to be valid in a long term period so that the renewal needs to be done carefully and thoroughly, starting from its substance and structure, legal cultural values, to legal validity. Those aspects should be carefully considered so that the renewal of the Criminal Code is in line with law enforcement efforts which correspond to the societys demands in the reform era. Lastly, this research is expected to provide input to governments, especially to the related lawmakers and law enforcement officers, to make improvements and enhancements in the provisions concerning the influence of Pancasila values on the renewal of criminal law.Konsep Rancangan KUH Pidana yang ada sekarang ini tidak terlepas dari pemikiran bahwa karakteristik hukum di Indonesia merupakan adopsi dari tatanan sosial masyarakat yang tercermin dalam tata laku hidup nilai nilai budaya dan kehidupan sosial dalam keragaman masyarakat Indonesia yang heterogen dan plural. Keberadaan nilai nilai budaya sebagai hukum yang berkembang di masyarakat tidak dapat dipungkiri peranannya dalam suatu kerangka dasar penyusunan hukum pidana nasional di masa yang akan datang. Rumusan masalah yang ditelaah dalam penelitian ini apakah pengaruh nilai nilai budaya terhadap pembaharuan Hukum Pidana ? Apakah implikasi nilai pancasila terhadap perkembangan hukum pidana saat ini ? Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif, dimana hukum dikonsepkan sebagai kaedah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum dengan menggunakan pendekatan konseptual dan pendekatan perundang-undangan yang akan meninjau kembali Undang-Undang terkait. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan pemahaman agar memperhatikan karakteristik hukum pidana sesuai dengan ciri khas kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia yang hidup berdasarkan falsafah Pancasila. Hal ini perlu ditekankan karena pembaharuan KUH Pidana ke depan diharapkan dapat diperlakukan dalam jangka panjang sehinga perlu digarap dengan cermat dan teliti substansi maupun struktural, nilai budaya hukum, sampai validitas hukum (daya berlaku). semua itu dimaksudkan agar pembentukan KUH Pidana yang baru tersebut tidak menjadi sia-sia dengan upaya penegakan hukum yang sesuai dengan tuntutan masyarakat dalam era reformasi. Simpulan dan saran dalam penelitian ini diharapkan memberi masukkan kepada pemerintah terutama kepada para pembuat undang-undang dan para penegak hukum terkait untuk melakukan penyempurnaan dan perbaikan dalam ketentuan mengenai nilai-nilai pancasila yang memberikan pengaruh terhadap pembaharuan hukum pidana
The article emphasizes the problem of diminished responsibility in Georgian criminal law. The research pays attention to the historicalaspect of diminished responsibility and problem of free will in criminal behavior of a person with diminished responsibility.The article provides information about the list and characteristics of psychical anomalies and other circumstances that cause diminishedresponsibility. The research discusses the issue of relationship between the guilt and diminished responsibility. Accordingly, in author'sopinion, diminished responsibility includes all circumstances (except mental illness) that mitigate one's guilt at the time of committingcrime, in spite of its causing grounds.At the same time, the article gives a new definition of diminished responsibility that differs from legislative definition.
The article emphasizes the problem of diminished responsibility in Georgian criminal law. The research pays attention to the historicalaspect of diminished responsibility and problem of free will in criminal behavior of a person with diminished responsibility.The article provides information about the list and characteristics of psychical anomalies and other circumstances that cause diminishedresponsibility. The research discusses the issue of relationship between the guilt and diminished responsibility. Accordingly, in author'sopinion, diminished responsibility includes all circumstances (except mental illness) that mitigate one's guilt at the time of committingcrime, in spite of its causing grounds.At the same time, the article gives a new definition of diminished responsibility that differs from legislative definition.
The Republic of Indonesia unitary state ia a legal state based on the constitution. In a country that adheres to democracy, the law become the supreme commander in a effort to eradicate criminal cases and included acts of corruption corruption crime in Indonesia is a social issues that has never been exhausted to be discussed, in the world of law, this has been included in the category of extradionary crime because is not only harms the state, but the practice also violates the social and economic rights of the community a large so that eradication action must also be carried out with extradionary legal force. A pattern or phenomena of bulk corruption is recently revealed by the people's deputy officials. Almost the world room of the representative of the people of good people at the local people until the center was ever searched and representative of the people were brought to committing corruption in a way of like a budget, received a bribe and so forth. The practice has occured in the area of North Sumatera and city Malang. Various of these cases made the reputation of the people's institutions deterioting among the people. Through this writing by analizing and investigating more deeply technical and systematic practice of the board members in the distorting the budget.
Alternatif uyuşmazlık çözüm yolları, onarıcı adalet kavramının ortaya çıkmasıyla uygulanmaya başlamıştır. Bunlardan biri uzlaşma kurumudur. Günümüzdeki anlamıyla ilk olarak Kanada'da 28 Mayıs 1974 tarihinde meydana gelen bir olayda uygulanmıştır. Uzlaşma kurumunun ortaya çıkmasının çeşitli sebepleri vardır. Bunlardan en önemlisi klasik ceza adalet sistemlerinin uyuşmazlığın taraflarını, özellikle de mağduru tatmin etmemesidir. Uzlaşma kurumu ülkemizde ilk olarak 1 Haziran 2005 tarihinde yürürlüğe giren 5237 sayılı Türk Ceza Kanunu ve 5271 sayılı Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu'nda yer alan düzenlemeler ile uygulanmaya başlanmıştır. Uyuşmazlığın taraflarının özgür iradelerine dayanan uzlaşma kurumunun mağdur veya suçtan zarar gören bakımından, şüpheli veya sanık bakımından, toplum bakımından, yargı organlarının iş yükü bakımından ve kamu harcamaları bakımından birçok faydası bulunmaktadır. Tezimiz iki ana bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde, uzlaşma kavramı, uzlaşma kavramının hukuki niteliği, alternatif çözüm yöntemleri ve onarıcı adalet kavramlarını ve bunların ortaya çıkış sebepleri, uzlaşmanın karşılaştırmalı hukuktaki ve uluslar arası belgelerdeki yeri inceleme konusu yapılmıştır. İkinci bölümde ise, uzlaşmanın koşullarını, Yüksek Yargı içtihatları doğrultusunda soruşturma ve kovuşturma aşamasındaki uygulanma sürecini, olumlu ve olumsuz sonuçlarını, faydalarını incelemeye çalıştık. Çalışmamızı, uzlaşma kurumu konusunda genel bir değerlendirme yaparak sonlandırdık. ; Alternative dispute resolution methods, with the emergence of the concept of restorative justice, began to be implemented. One of these is mediation institution. Meaning today as the first in Canada on May 28, 1974 was implemented in an event occurring. There are the various reasons for the emergence of mediation institutions. Most importantly, classic criminal justice system does not satisfy the parties to the dispute, particularly the victims. Mediation institution in our country was introduced by the regulations of the No. 5237 Turkish Penal Code and No. 5271 the Criminal Procedure Code which came into force on 1 June 2005. Mediation institution which based on the free will of the parties to the dispute has many benefits in terms of the person who has suffered damages from the crime, in terms of the suspect or the accused, in terms of the society, in terms of courts? workloads and in terms of public expenditure. Our study is composed of two main sections. At the first chapter, the concept of mediation, legal character of mediation, alternative dispute resolution methods and restorative justice concepts and their emergence causes, its places in the comparative law and on intirnational documents had been expressed. And at the second chapter, the rules of the mediation, in accordance with high judicial case law, the implementation process of the mediation at the investigation stage and prosecution stage, positive and negative results of mediation, the benefits of mediation had been expressed. At the final section, We had terminated our study making an overall assessment about the the concept of mediation with examples of decisions which we made at the practice.
