Suchergebnisse

Abstract Background Attention to prenatal care and child delivery is important for the health of women and children, but in the Amazon these indicators tend to be historically unfavorable, in part by geographical and political isolation. In 2003 both Brazilian and Peru governments have finished paving an international road connecting remotes areas in the Brazilian Amazon to the Pacific coast in Peru. Methods The situation of prenatal care and child delivery with mothers of children under 5 years old living in the urban area of Assis Brasil, Acre was assessed in two cross-sectional studies performed in 2003 and 2011, corresponding to the period before and after the Pacific highway construction. Results In 2003, most mothers were of black/Afro-American ethnicity, or "pardos" (the offspring of a Caucasian with a African descendant) (77.69 %), had more than 4 years of schooling (73.40 %) and had a mean age of 22.18 years. In 2011, the number of as a migration of indigenous women increased from 0 to 14.40 % of the respondents, because of migration from communities along the rivers to urban areas, with no other significant changes in maternal characteristics. No significant improvement in childbirth assistance was noticed between 1997 and 2011; only the percentage of in-hospital vaginal deliveries performed by doctors increased from 17.89 to 66.26 % ( p <0.001) during this period. Access to prenatal care was associated with white ethnicity in 2003, and higher socioeconomic level and white ethnicity in 2011, while the higher number of prenatal visits was associated with higher maternal education and higher socioeconomic levels in 2011. Vaginal child delivery at a hospital facility was associated with maternal age in 2003, and year of birth, being of white ethnicity and higher level of education in 2011. Conclusions The indicators of prenatal care and child delivery were below the national average, showing that geographical isolation still affects women's .

Introduction: Innovation in education should be done from the context and the factors that interfere in the construction and understanding of the curriculum. In the scope of nursing, teaching has undergone great changes in educational activities due to the demands of the capitalist world. Objective: To analyze the curriculum advances, which are announced as innovative educational projects aiming vocational training in nursing in Brazil. Methods: This is a systematic review of literature on curricular innovations and training of nursing students. The bibliographic survey was performed in the databases of Lilacs and Medline/PubMed using the following keywords: higher education, degree programs in Nursing and curriculum. Results: We found seven articles that addressed on the profile and training of professional nurses and curriculum changes in the undergraduate course. It became evident that the curricular changes of course still happen gradually, and reflect political moments which often doesn't being in line with the current health model conjecture. Conclusion: Despite the curricular changes in nursing that happened due to socio-political movements, have not yet produced changes in teaching that are sufficiently in line with the requirements of the job market and are able to prepare focused professionals in humanized and contextualized care and involved in the transformation of reality.

Os objetivos deste estudo foram verificar o efeito da rutina sobre a maturação in vitro (MIV) de oócitos provenientes de folículos secundários de ovelhas cultivados in vitro e analisar o possível envolvimento da via mTOR na MIV, sob influência da rutina. Os folículos secundários foram cultivados por 18 dias em meio α-Mínimo Essencial (α-MEM) suplementado com albumina sérica bovina (BSA), insulina, glutamina, hipoxantina, transferrina, selênio, ácido ascórbico e leptina (meio controle: α-MEM+). Em seguida, os folículos foram avaliados quanto à morfologia, formação do antro e diâmetro folicular e taxa de oócitos totalmente crescidos (≥110 µm). Oócitos totalmente crescidos foram submetidos à MIV em meio de cultivo de tecidos 199 (TCM199) suplementado com soro fetal bovino (FBS), hormônio luteinizante (LH), hormônio folículo estimulante recombinante (rFSH) (meio controle MIV) ou neste meio com 0,1, 1 ou 10 µg.mL-1 de rutina. Ao final da MIV, os oócitos foram avaliados quanto à atividade mitocondrial, concentração de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ERO) e glutationa (GSH), porcentagem de retomada de meiose, fragmentação de DNA e envolvimento da via mTOR. Após 18 dias de cultivo in vitro, 77,5% dos folículos estavam normais e 77,7% tornaram-se folículos antrais, com 380,41 µm de diâmetro. Além disso, 70% dos oócitos que cresceram in vitro atingiram diâmetro ≥110 µm e foram submetidos à MIV. A concentração de 10 µg.mL-1 de rutina aumentou significativamente a porcentagem de oócitos que retomaram a meiose (47,27%) em comparação ao meio controle (30,43%). Houve um aumento significativo nas concentrações de ROS e GSH em oócitos maturados com 0.1 µg.mL-1 de rutina em comparação com os outros tratamentos com rutina (p < 0,05). Além disso, a maturação de oócitos em TCM199+ aumentou (p<0,05) o percentual de fragmentação de DNA (30%) comparado ao tratamento com 10 µg.mL-1 de rutina (0%). Após MIV, ambos os tratamentos maturados na presença ou ausência de rapamicina apresentaram porcentagem semelhante de retomada meiótica (61,76% para TCM199 + 10 µg.mL-1 de rutina e 70,73% para TCM199 + 10 µg.mL-1 de rutina + rapamicina) (p>0,05). Em conclusão, a concentração de 10 µg.mL-1 de rutina aumentou a retomada da meiose e reduziu os danos ao DNA.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the acidified extract of M. oleifera leaves as a supplement into the base medium for in vitro culture of sheep isolated secondary follicles. Follicles were isolated and cultured for 12 days in α-MEM+(supplemented with bovine serum albumin, insulin, glutamine, hypoxanthine, transferrin, selenium, and ascorbic acid) with or without 0.1; 0.2 or 0.4 mg/ml of the acidified extract of M. oleifera. Follicle morphology, antral cavity formation, follicular and oocyte diameter, glutathione (GSH) concentration, mitochondrial activity and meiotic resumption were evaluated. After 12 days of culture, there was no significant difference among treatments in relation to follicular morphology, antral cavity formation, diameter and mitochondrial activity. Nevertheless, oocytes from follicles cultured in α-MEM+ showed greater GSH concentration than media containing M. oleifera extract. Furthermore, the concentration of 0.4 mg/ml M. oleifera extract significantly increased the percentage of fully grown oocyte (≥ 110 µm) when compared to the other treatments. In conclusion, the concentration of 0.4 mg/ml M. oleifera extract as a supplement of the culture medium, maintained the survival, and increased the percentage of fully grown oocytes.

This article aims to analyze residential segregation by race (racial segregation) and income (economic segregation) in Brazil and explore its relationship with socioeconomic and socio-spatial factors. Residential segregation was assessed using the dissimilarity index based on the 2010 demographic census and considering urban census tracts since segregation is sociologically considered an urban problem. The results for racial segregation showed that it is more evident in cities in the South and Southeast of Brazil and mainly affects the self-declared black population. The approach used to calculate economic segregation involved examining the income level of different low-income groups. Therefore, we consider families that earned between 0 and 1 minimum wage as the group with the greatest social vulnerability. We did not find significant correlations between racial and income segregation indices with aspects such as urbanization (urban population size). Finally, we present the racial segregation indices stratifying families by income thresholds for the 27 Brazilian capitals and conclude that per capita household income is a preponderant factor for the segregation of the poorest, especially in families whose residents self-identify as black.

A produção de mel tem alcançado bons resultados nos últimos anos, mas o país tem potencial para melhorar ainda mais esse desempenho. Portanto, há necessidade de investir cada vez mais em pesquisas nessa área. Objetivou-se com este trabalho promover, acompanhar e avaliar as transformações no Assentamento Areias, localizado no município de Nioaque, após a implantação da apicultura orgânica. Além disso, procurou-se explorar o potencial da área pantaneira, de forma sustentável, na criação de abelhas africanizadas Apis melífera, em Reserva Legal. Buscou-se desenvolver esta atividade de maneira coletiva, como uma proposta agroecológica de geração de renda alternativa e fonte alimentar, reunindo e compartilhando os saberes científicos adquiridos pelos docentes e discentes da Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados/UFGD, e as experiências acumuladas dos assentados com o sistema de produção familiar. O acompanhamento e o alcance dos objetivos estabelecidos foram verificados a cada 30 dias. Entrevistas individuais e reuniões participativas foram realizadas com o grupo de produtores do assentamento de Areias, com o objetivo de coletar dados quantitativos e qualitativos relacionados ao manejo das abelhas e geração de renda. Os resultados foram satisfatórios, pois a apicultura orgânica promoveu um impacto positivo no local, por meio do conhecimento de novas técnicas e aplicabilidade na criação das abelhas. Desta forma, este estudo trouxe subsídios e reflexões para as famílias do assentamento, técnicos, gestores, tomadores de decisão e a sociedade lidarem com a dualidade do sistema convencional de produtividade e o sistema de produção orgânica e agroecológico.

Consortia for the ALBINO Study Group: Axel R. Franz, Mario Rüdiger, Christian F. Poets, Manon Benders, Frank van Bel, Karel Allegaert, Gunnar Naulaers, Dirk Bassler, Katrin Klebermaß-Schrehof, Maximo Vento, Hercilia Guimarães, Tom Stiris, Luigi Cattarossi, Marjo Metsäranta, Sampsa Vanhatalo, Jan Mazela, Tuuli Metsvaht, Cees van Veldhuizen, Corinna Engel, Christian A. Maiwald, Gabriele von Oldershausen, Iris Bergmann, Monika Weiss, Caroline J. B. R. Wichera, Andreas Eichhorn, Michael Raubuch, Birgit Schuler, Cees K. W. van Veldhuizen, Bas Laméris, Yannique Jacobs, Roselinda van der Vlught-Meijer, Elke Griesmaier, Johannes Brandner, Marie Tackoen, Ruth Reibel, Chantal Lecart, Luc Cornette, Genevieve Malfilatre, Renaud Viellevoye, Tuuli Metsvaht, Mari-Liis Ilmoja, Pille Saik, Ruth Käär, Pille Andresson, Marjo Metsaranta, Axel R. Franz, Rolf Schloesser, Torsten Ott, Stefan Winkler, Thomas Hoehn, Norbert Teig, Michael Schroth, Ulrich H. Thome, Harald Ehrhardt, Luigi Cattarossi, Isabella Mauro, Eugenio Baraldi, Virgilio Carnielli, Giuseppe Paterlini, Marcello Napolitano, Paola Francesca Faldini, Gianluca Lista, Gianluca Visintin, Mario Barbarini, Laura Pagani, Emmanuele Mastretta, Giovanni Vento, Monica Fumagalli, Marco Binotti, Mirjam M. van Weissenbruch, Henrica L. M. van Straaten, Manon J. N. L. Benders, Kim V. Annink, Frank van Bel, Jeroen Dudink, Jan B. Derks, Inge P. de Boer, Clemens B. Meijssen, Timo R. de Haan, Linda G. van Rooij, Jacqueline L. van Hillegersberg, Minouche van Dongen, Jos Bruinenberg, Koen P. Dijkman, Marlies A. van Houten, Sophie R. D. van der Schoor, Tom Stiris, Bodil Salvesen, Moritz Schneider, Eirik Nestaas, Britt Nakstad, Jan Mazela, Lukas Karpinski, Ewa Gulczynska, Barbara Królak-Olejnik, Renata Bokiniec, Ana I. Vilan, Liliana Flores de Pinho, Claudia Ferraz, Almerinda Pereira, Rosalina Barroso, André Mendes da Graça, Teresa Tomé, Filomena Pinto, Maximo Vento, Juan Martínez Rodilla, Simón Lubián, Marta Campubri Camprubí, José Antonio Hurtado Suazo, Eva Valverde, José Ramón Fernández Lorenzo, José Martinez Orgado, Héctor Boix, Francisco Jimenez Parrilla, Maria Teresa Moral-Pumarega, Julia Maletzki, Claudia Knoepfli, Cornelia Hagmann, Sven Schulzke, Martin Stocker, André Birkenmaier, Thomas Riedel, Hans-Jörg Ehni, Annie Janvier & Georg Marckmann. ; [Background]: Perinatal asphyxia and resulting hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is a major cause of death and long-term disability in term born neonates. Up to 20,000 infants each year are affected by HIE in Europe and even more in regions with lower level of perinatal care. The only established therapy to improve outcome in these infants is therapeutic hypothermia. Allopurinol is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor that reduces the production of oxygen radicals as superoxide, which contributes to secondary energy failure and apoptosis in neurons and glial cells after reperfusion of hypoxic brain tissue and may further improve outcome if administered in addition to therapeutic hypothermia. ; [Methods]: This study on the effects of ALlopurinol in addition to hypothermia treatment for hypoxic-ischemic Brain Injury on Neurocognitive Outcome (ALBINO), is a European double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled parallel group multicenter trial (Phase III) to evaluate the effect of postnatal allopurinol administered in addition to standard of care (including therapeutic hypothermia if indicated) on the incidence of death and severe neurodevelopmental impairment at 24 months of age in newborns with perinatal hypoxic-ischemic insult and signs of potentially evolving encephalopathy. Allopurinol or placebo will be given in addition to therapeutic hypothermia (where indicated) to infants with a gestational age ≥ 36 weeks and a birth weight ≥ 2500 g, with severe perinatal asphyxia and potentially evolving encephalopathy. The primary endpoint of this study will be death or severe neurodevelopmental impairment versus survival without severe neurodevelopmental impairment at the age of two years. Effects on brain injury by magnetic resonance imaging and cerebral ultrasound, electric brain activity, concentrations of peroxidation products and S100B, will also be studied along with effects on heart function and pharmacokinetics of allopurinol after iv-infusion. ; [Discussion]: This trial will provide data to assess the efficacy and safety of early postnatal allopurinol in term infants with evolving hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. If proven efficacious and safe, allopurinol could become part of a neuroprotective pharmacological treatment strategy in addition to therapeutic hypothermia in children with perinatal asphyxia. ; [Trial registration]: NCT03162653, www.ClinicalTrials.gov, May 22, 2017. ; This study is funded under the Horizon 2020 Framework Program of the European Union, call H2020-PHC-2015-two-stage, grant 667224. Publication of this manuscript was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Open Access Publishing Fund of the University of Tuebingen. ; Peer reviewed

Este texto se propõe a compartilhar a experiência denominada de cotutela, desenvolvida no Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID) do grupo de Química da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel). Centrada numa aposta na coletividade e no trabalho colaborativo, trazemos aqui os diferentes olhares do grupo que estão imbricados no planejamento, desenvolvimento, realização e avaliação da proposta, articulando a ação de uma supervisora da área de Química da Escola Básica, dois coordenadores e um grupo que variou, durante os momentos aqui descritos, entre nove e doze discentes da Licenciatura em Química da UFPel. A partir do trabalho em cotutela, emergiram subsídios que reforçam os princípios do Programa, assim como também foram produzidos elementos que dão ênfase ao rompimento de uma solidão pedagógica e, destacadamente, a modificação das dinâmicas de sala de aula, trazendo uma interação colaborativa entre o grupo do PIBID e um protagonismo maior dos estudantes da Escola Básica ao sentirem-se mais acolhidos por um grupo de professores.

In order to evaluate the feeding behavior of sheep fed with diets containing different levels of palm kernel meal (PKM) substituted for corn silage, a metabolic assay was performed on 20 ewes (5 treatments × 4 replicates) over 25 d. The animals received corn silage diets with the addition of increasing levels of PKM (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60%). The following parameters were evaluated: dry matter (DM) intake, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake, feeding time, rumination time, idle time, number of merycism mastications per bolus, time spent ruminating each bolus, DM and NDF per bolus, number of ruminated boluses per day, feeding and rumination efficiency, total chewing time, and number of merycism mastications per day. The daily intake of both DM and NDF increased linearly (P &lt; 0.05), and when sheep were fed diets of at least 43.18 and 39.15% PKM, respectively, the consumption values were significantly different than when sheep were fed diets with 0% PKM (P &lt; 0.05). In contrast, feeding time declined linearly, and in response to diets with at least 28.05% PKM, the sheep exhibited significantly different feeding times from those of sheep fed 0% PKM, with a reduction of 0.0613 percentage points per 1% increase in PKM. Idle time, rumination time, and rumination time per bolus each exhibited quadratic responses (P &lt; 0.05), and the minimum rumination time per bolus was 44.37 s with 35.19% PKM. A quadratic response was also observed for total chewing time and both measures of merycism mastications (P &lt; 0.05). Therefore, we concluded that the inclusion of PKM in the diets of sheep improves some parameters of feeding behavior, and the use of PKM is recommended at DM percentages of up to 40%.