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This study examines the willingness to pay (WTP) for RE in ASEAN countries. It reports the results of the second research phase. In 2020 (phase one), we conducted a household survey in Myanmar, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, Viet Nam, and Thailand; the WTP for RE was investigated based on the discrete choice experiment and contingent valuation method (Yoshikawa, 2020). This study targets Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand. Given the impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on 2020's investigation, we renewed the survey in Thailand for this study. In addition to REs, this study also surveyed electric mobility, especially electric motorbikes. It compared gasoline-powered and electric motorbikes in Viet Nam to ascertain how WTP depends on various attributes in the discrete choice experiment. Unfortunately, like in 2020, the pandemic impacted the survey this year. Some refused to take the survey for fear of infection, and the WTP was undeniably affected by the short-term COVID-19 factor. Thus, the WTP amount revealed in this report is probably within a certain minimum value for future policy design implications regarding RE and electric mobility. The report is structured as follows. Chapter 2 summarises the policy trends regarding RE. Chapter 3 presents the methodology and survey design. Chapter 4 summarises the sampling strategies adopted for each of the cities included in this research. Chapter 5 provides an overview of the descriptive statistics of the responses. Chapter 6 and Chapter 7 analyse the results of the survey on the WTP for renewable energy in the five ASEAN cities, and the WTP for electric motorbikes in Ho Chi Minh City, respectively. Chapter 8 provides policy implications and conclude this report.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the madrasa principal's leadership, work ethics, and internal stakeholder trust in the management of Madrasah Tsanawiyah in Deli Serdang Regency during the Covid-19 pandemic. The technique used in the research uses descriptive, comparative and analytical qualitative research techniques from the results of field observation studies, documentation studies, interviews and triangulation so as to obtain data, original information, natural phenomenology on the actual research subject. The sample in this study was all the heads of public and private madrasah tsanawiyah as many as 130 head of madrasah tsanawiyah Deli Serdang district. The data analysis was carried out using content analysis, comparative and analysis from the results of the observation study documentation, triangulation interviews from the data obtained in the study. The results revealed that there was a decrease in the effectiveness of the leadership of the madrasa principal, work ethic, and the trust of stakeholders in the district of Deli Serdang during the pandemic. covid 19 by: 1. Madrasah principal decision makers are less democratic and less in favor of teachers; 2. Madrasah principals are less than ideal in dividing the proportion of working hours to teachers; 3. The principal of the madrasa does not maximize the supporting devices for online learning activities at school; 4. Not prioritizing services to students both online and directly coming to school; 5. The existence of madrasa activity programs that are not well implemented online or offline; 6. Inability of the head of madrasa to solve internal problems properly; 7, Lack of confidence that the head of the madrasa in carrying out his duties as a manager.

The development of halal tourism using the Quadruple Helix concept is a concept that combines the roles of four actors in supporting the halal tourism development program. This concept divides the roles of the Government, Academics, Private sector and Community to become a good collaboration in the development of halal tourism in the Cisarua-Lembang Tourism Area. This study aims to determine the role of Quadruple Helix actors in the development of halal tourism in the Cisarua-Lembang Tourism Area. In this study using a qualitative descriptive research method using primary data and secondary data. Interviews, field observations, and documentation are data collection techniques used in this study. The results of this study indicate that the role of the Quadruple Helix in the development of halal tourism in the Cisarua-Lembang Tourism Area has not played an optimal role and there has not been significant cooperation among Quadruple Helix actors. ; Pengembangan pariwisata halal menggunakan konsep Quadruple Helix merupakan konsep yang memadukan peran empat aktor dalam mendukung program pengembangan pariwisata halal. Konsep ini membagi peran Pemerintah, Akademisi, Swasta, dan Komunitas untuk menjadi suatu kolaborasi yang baik dalam pengembangan pariwisata halal di Kawasan Wisata Cisarua-Lembang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran para aktor Quadruple Helix dalam pengembangan pariwisata halal di Kawasan Wisata Cisarua-Lembang. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder.Wawancara, pengamatan lapangan, dan dokumentasi merupakan teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa peran Quadruple Helix dalam pengembangan wisata halal Kawasan Wisata Cisarua-Lembang masih belum berperan secara optimal dan belum terjalin kerjasama yang signifikan diantara aktor-aktor Quadruple Helix.

A positive attitude toward the COVID-19 vaccine and increased vaccination uptake made the institutions behind these efforts realize their goal of creating an immune community. This research would provide crucial information on how the government can establish a desirable attitude of people toward COVID-19 vaccines through their responses to the adversities of the pandemic. This study assessed government preventive influence measures 'perceived effectiveness on the citizens' attitudes and acceptance toward the COVID-19 vaccines. The researchers used descriptive-correlational quantitative design and simple regression analysis as research methods. The study was conducted in the City of Panabo, with 384 samples chosen randomly and surveyed through an adapted instrument. The findings of this study revealed that both the levels of perceived effectiveness of government preventive measures and attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine were high, while acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine was only average. The perceived effectiveness of government preventive measures and attitudes and acceptance toward the COVID-19 vaccine have a positive, high and significant relationship. It further revealed a significant influence manifested between the variables of the study. The effectiveness of government preventive measures is an essential factor in influencing citizens' attitudes and acceptance toward the COVID-19 vaccines. When the government implements preventive measures more influential, the higher the confidence in manifesting a positive attitude and good acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccines. Government and local health authorities will be served with assistance in promoting vaccination in the country and strengthening the preventive protocols implemented to control the rapid spread of the COVID-19 disease.

The research was conducted to determine the relationship between the xenophobic attitudes of midwifery students towards refugees and their conscientiousness. The descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with students studying in the midwifery department of a health sciences faculty between April 15 and May 15, 2021. The population of the study consisted of midwifery students (N=368), and the sample consisted of 218 students who voluntarily agreed to participate in the research. "Personal Information Form", "Conscious Intelligence Scale" and "Xenophobia Scale" were used as data collection tools. According to the xenophobia scale total scores of the students participating in the study,it was determined that xenophobia was below the moderate level and the conscientious intelligence scores were quite high. A statistically significant difference was found between the students' grades and the total scores of the xenophobia scale. As a result of the correlation analysis performed to determine the relationship between the scales, no significant relationship was found between the total scores obtained from the scales. Positive and weak (r=.144, p=0.034) between the total score of the Xenophobia scale and the ethical values sub-dimension of the Conscientious Intelligence Scale, and weak (r=-.191,) between the total score of the Xenophobia scale and the compassion sub-dimension of the Conscientious Intelligence Scale. p=0.005) relationship was determined. In the study, it was determined that midwifery students' fear of refugees was below the medium level and their conscientious intelligence scores were quite high. This research will fill the gap in the field and will provide a new perspective on the approach and communication to refugees in the provision of health services.

Objective of the study: The objectives of this study were to describe the strategy and the innovation results from an idea generation program (IGP) of a Brazilian bank.Methodology: The study is predominantly descriptive; the method is the in-depth case study, and the data analysis was performed through content analysis.Originality/Relevance: The IGP's implementation stage is critical due to the need for financial resources, people, and time. An IGP can generate not only incremental technological innovations but also boost the innovation culture. Innovations developed from an IGP can be effective in facing competition from fintechs and digital transformation.Main results: The IGP's strategy is well-founded, as the result of 14 years of experience. However, there is still no clear strategy for measuring the impact of the implemented innovations. The IGP boosted both incremental technological (product, services, and process) and innovation culture. It has generated financial and non-financial results, and it predominantly follows the eastern model, recognizing employees' ideas with non-financial rewards.Theoretical/methodological contributions: An IGP is designable in three main stages: ideation, in which all employees can participate, giving ideas for solving the problems indicated by the boards; selection, when a selection board chooses the ideas with the most significant potential for implementation and generating results; and implementation, when the selected ideas are transformed into innovations.Social /management contributions: A bank's idea generation program is effective to boost technological innovation and innovation culture, which allow to face the fintechs and other essential players in the financial market, as well as to promote internal engagement and manage digital transformation, and deal with the VUCA (volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity) scenario.

Indian society is still dominated by the patriarchal system where women get less importance. A majority of households in India are headed by a male member of the family. According to Census 2011, only 10.78% of households are headed by a female member, and they are marginalized compared to the households headed by the male counterpart. Indian society is stratified into several groups based on language, religion, castes and tribes. Scheduled Tribes (ST) are the most marginalized among these social groups. From this perspective, the study focuses mainly on two marginalized sections, that is, female-headed households (FHHs) of ST and their counterpart of non-ST families. This comparative study mainly describes the well-being disparity between the ST and non-ST FHHs based on the housing condition, presence of basic amenities and household assets possession. The study also emphasizes the regional disparity of economic well-being in the FHHs between ST and non-ST community in India. It is a secondary database work based on Census of India 2011. Descriptive statistics, cross-tabulation, paired sample t-test and disparity index have been used to obtain empirical outcome. The results indicate that though the proportion of FHHs is higher in ST community, in all the fields they are lagging behind the non-ST FHHs at the national level. In most of the states, non-ST FHHs are well off in terms of economic well-being compared to the ST FHHs, and it creates a well-being disparity between the two groups. Further, the study found that the magnitude of well-being also differs within its own community.

Islamic sharia in the form of Islamic lifestyle terminology in political communication by MUI Sumatera Barat is opposite to the new normal terminology of the central government.This is a dilemma for people in West Sumatra. This study aims to know the model of political communication conducted by the MUI of West Sumatra and the central government related to the handling of the Covid-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the study was designed to search for the supporting factors and inhibitors as well as the response of the community in West Sumatra.Qualitative research methods are used in this study with a descriptive case study approach. Primary data collection techniques are carried out with interviews and observations. Meanwhile, secondary data is obtained through literature studies conducted on a variety of relevant reading sources according to the topic of research.The results showed that the model of political communication conducted by MUI of West Sumatra in addressing the new normal terminology of the central government is an interactional model by integrating Islamic values and customs. Meanwhile, the communication model of the central government is a model of the effect hierarchy that teaches knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors by learning, feeling, and doing.The supporting factors of MUI terminology in West Sumatra are Islamic community organizations and Minangkabau indigenous communities and supporters of central government terminology of all elements of nationalist society.Factors inhibiting MUI terminology have not yet applied Islamic qanun sharia in West Sumatra while socialization from the central government is considered to be minimal. Some people respond to Islamic lifestyle terminology but some respond to the new normal terminology Covid-19 from the central government.

Background: Group teaching can create empathy in teaching sessions. Therefore the objective of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of team teaching based on Buckroyd's Method on lifestyle, self-efficacy and body image structure of the women with obesity in the city of Isfahan.
Methods: This study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest and control group and follow-up. The statistical population of the study included all people with obesity referring to clinics in the city of Isfahan from whom 30 women with obesity were selected through purposive sampling from Sepahan Health clinic in 2014 and then they were put into two groups of fifteen (experimental and control). A therapeutic intervention based on Buckroyd Method was administered on the experimental group during 16 two-hour sessions twice a week. The measurement instruments in this study were BMI scale, demographic information form, life style self-efficacy questionnaire and body image questionnaire. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (repeated measures variance) were used to test the hypotheses using SPSS software (version 23) at 0.05 level of error.
Results: The results showed that team teaching based on Buckroyd Method has been effective on the increase of life style self-efficacy (p < 0.001) and the improvement of body image (p < 0.001) as the mean score of life style self-efficacy and body image structure have increased after team teaching at the post-test stage and it could maintain this increase in time (follow-up stage).
Conclusion: Buckroyd Method can be employed in the increase of life style self-efficacy and body image structure in the obese women.

This study aimed to investigate the psychometric characteristics of the Wechsler-4 scale of the intelligence of deaf people with Waardenburg syndrome and the level of intelligence according to the mental state. To achieve the objectives of the study, a descriptive survey method was used. The sample of the study consisted of (17) students from all deaf schools in Jordan, whose ages ranged between (8-17) years, and (WISC-IV) was applied in sign language. Indicators are reached for Construct Validity (2.741 - 0.243). And indications for reliability, where the correlation coefficients ranged between (0.487 - 0.898). The results showed that there were no differences in the IQ level of deaf people with Waardenburg syndrome due to gender. The absence of differences in the IQ level of deaf people with Waardenburg syndrome is due to the mental state variable in favor of the deaf group of those with the borderline between Gifted and Superior, but the overall IQ level of the deaf person with Waardenburg syndrome is within the lower limits (IQ = 71), which is Learning Disability. There are also differences in the level of the sub-tests of the scale for deaf people with Waardenburg syndrome, as the (Cancellation) test was the highest score and then (coding) in second place. The study recommends including this syndrome as part of the hearing impairment categories. Studies have been carried out on the development of the functional section of the Wechsler-4 scale to suit the visual perception of deaf people with Waardenburg syndrome.

Received: 27 February 2021 / Accepted: 5 June 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021

The project sought to look into the role of the Community vocational training centers in the wider socio-economic empowerment of women. It aimed to find out the effects of skills training on social-economic empowerment of women, examine the impact of Technical and Vocational Education and Training on social-economic empowerment of women and explore ways of improving the performance of Technical and Vocational Education and Training on social-economic empowerment of women. The study adopted a quantitative descriptive and explanatory design. This way the detailed description comes before the final explanation. The study primarily depended on questionnaires to get study data. Findings indicate that indeed vocational training can enable women to create employment opportunities and give them access to the job market. The findings identified equal pay, access to education (including vocational training), Gender equality in the workplace, respect for human rights and non-discrimination, and gender-sensitive recruitment as factors that TVETs use to reduce discrimination and improve women's quality of life. Vocational training centers are still subject to negative perceptions where people think that they are "lesser" institutions. The vocational centers need to shed the label that they are for failures, that they are lesser institutions, and that they are not prestigious enough. Improvement can also come through advocacy. Overall, the study ascertained that vocational training provides positive outcomes especially in the lives of women and girls. They get to enjoy increased wages, employment mobility, employment opportunities, entrepreneurship and social transformation. Therefore, there should be an increase in the number of vocational centers.

Background: Road traffic accidents is growing continuously as a global burden and would be a leading cause of death in developing countries. The global burden of road traffic accidents continues to grow and promises to overtake tropical diseases as leading causes of death in the developing world. This study aimed to study the pattern and causes of road traffic accidents in Morang district.Methods: Record based descriptive cross-sectional study was used by reviewing all registered RTA cases of the District Traffic Police Office, Morang during fiscal year 2074/75 (Shrawan 2074 to Ashad 2075). 501 road traffic accident cases were found in the record and used for the study. The data was analysed using SPSS v 16 and presented in normal frequency tables and crosstables.Results: Out of 501 accidents 32.2% occurred Friday and Saturday. In the evening time, most of the accidents occurred. In highways, 53.5% of accident cases occurred. 82% of the accidents occurred in blacktop road. Two-wheelers are mostly involved in accident cases (77%). Negligence (55.7%) and over-speed (36.5%) were the major reasons for accidents. In 33% of cases, accidents occurred involving pedestrians and cyclists. 80% of the drivers are below 40 years; similarly 80% of the victims are also below 40 years. Among victims who died 84.1% were male and among injured 73.3% were males.Conclusions: Weekends, evening, highways and two wheelers are more accident prone time, place and vehicles respectively. Overspeed and negligence of driver tends to major cause of accidents and majority of victims are the young bike riders and pedestrians. Keywords: Burden; causes; road traffic accidents; pattern

The purpose of this study is to explain the various forms of speech acts used in concession speeches. Concession speech is a term used in politics to describe speeches given by losing candidates after an election and after the overall vote, the result is known. The data of this study were taken from four types of concession speeches delivered by losing American candidates in the form of concession speeches: John McCain (2008), Mitt Romney (2012), Hillary Clinton (2016), and Donald Trump (2021). The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method because it uses words rather than numbers as a reference for the data to be studied, and it implies obtaining results for collecting the data included in the data sources and analyzing them to detect differences in concessions, speaking actions and Pragmatic discourse analysis approach to speech. The theory used is derived from the theory of Searle (1976), Cutting (2003), Holmes (2013), Leech (1947). The results show (1) five types of speech acts, namely representative (fact, statements, describing, and conclusion), expressive (thanking, congratulating, praising, and wishing) directive (inviting, requesting, suggesting, and ordering), and commissive (promising, offering), (2) the language function of each type of speech acts according to the context used by the concession speech, such as expressing gratitude, working together in building America, etc. (3) the most widely used in concession speech are expressive speech acts (thanking and praising) and representative speech acts (statements). The results of this study indicate that the losing candidate's sportsmanship supports the winning candidate and the various words used to say the same thing contributes to the development of English vocabulary.

Management control system is an essential process by which all members of the organisation work as team to achieve a better output and improved service delivery. Despite the importance of management control system, university libraries in South East, Nigeria seem to have issues with its application. This study investigated management control system, issues and prospects in university libraries. The main purpose of this study was to assess the management control system and challenges associated with its application in university libraries in South East, Nigeria. The research design adopted was descriptive survey design. The population of the study was 163 librarians in federal and state university libraries in South-East, Nigeria, and was all used without sampling as the number was considered manageable. The instrument used in gathering data for the study is questionnaire which was analysed using mean and standard deviation. Findings revealed that university libraries employed performance appraisal system, duties rotation system, controlled activities system and regulation of staff attendance. Result also showed that management control system contributes to effective job performance by enabling employees to understand their job expectations and encourages librarians' attitude to work. Challenges associated with utilising management control system include lack of adequate staff development, training and effective communication. Strategies for enhancing management control system in university libraries include adequate financial support to libraries to enable them acquire necessary facilities in order to achieve effective management control system, frequent training and development programme. The researcher recommended that federal and state governments should make funds available to university libraries to enable them adopt effective management control system and procure facilities and resources to enhance job performance.

This study examined fish farmers' awareness of organic feed sources for catfish production in Ido town Oyo State. A well-structured questionnaire was used for the collection of data through a simple random sampling technique from the study area, and 95 respondents were sampled. The data were analyzed with the aid of simple descriptive analyses such as frequency tables, percentages, and inferential statistics like the Chi-square test. The findings showed that the majority (77.9%) of the respondents were males with an age range of 25 – 35 years (51.6%), and 36 – 45 years (30.5%). The majority of the respondents (98.1%) had formal education. The livelihood activities in the study area revealed that most of the respondents (33.7%) were traders while 26.3% were active farmers. The awareness of organic feed as a supplement among fish farmers in the study area showed that about 44.2% of the respondents were introduced to the catfish business by their friends whereas 13.7% were introduced by fellow farmers. Moreover, 49.5% of respondents got to know about organic feed through seminars. The results revealed that age (χ2 = 84.535, p ≤ 0.05) and livelihood activities (χ2 = 19.885, p ≤ 0.05) were significantly related to awareness of organic feed sources for catfish production among fish farmers. In conclusion, fish farmers were well aware of organic feed and its use as a supplement for catfish production. It is recommended that the use of organic feed should be encouraged and emphasized among fish farmers through print and audio-visual media especially radio by government agencies, extension agents, and institutional research-based organizations (IRBOs)