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The study investigated knowledge and attitude of reproductive aged women towards cervical cancer screening in Osun State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study examined the knowledge of and attitude towards cervical cancer screening among reproductive aged women; and the relationship between socio-demographic variable of the reproductive aged women and their knowledge and attitude toward cervical cancer screening. The research design for the study was a cross sectional descriptive design. The research was carried out at State Specialist Hospital, Asubiaro, Osogbo at Infant Welfare Clinic which is a branch of paediatric medicine of the hospital. Twenty women were selected daily using simple random sampling through balloting. An average of 10 days was used to collect the data. Data were collected using a self-developed questionnaire that captured information on knowledge and attitudes of participants towards cervical cancer screening. The data gotten from respondents were presented in tables and analysed using measures of central tendencies, percentages and chi-squares. The findings of the study revealed that respondents had a good knowledge and attitude towards cervical cancer screening. Factors associated with the knowledge includes respondents level of education, late age of intercourse, respondents that had regular sexual intercourse while factors associated with positive attitude to cervical cancer screening were respondents that were married, respondents with single sexual partner, respondents with single current sexual partners and respondents that had regular sexual intercourse. It was recommended among others that the government should make cervical cancer screening mandatory and free for reproductive aged women. Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Reproductive Aged Women, Cervical Cancer, Screening, ; This article has been published at www.easij.com, Issue: 2, Vol.#3, Februrary 2021.

Public institutions performance has been the greatest concern for governments in different parts of the world. In Sierra Leone, the success of governments departments contribute towards the socio economic development of the country. Nevertheless, achieving exceptional performance in public institutions is encircled with enormous challenges that hinders the achievement of strategic objectives. Considering the quantum challenges surrounding public institutions performance, addressing those challenges requires consideration of numerous elements that could influence performance. However, this study focus on determinants of state institutions performance in Sierra Leone. The investigation started with an assessment of previous and existing performance benchmarks and then proceeded to its focus. This study was conducted in Freetown, using three public institutions as sample frame and obtained a sample size of 300 employees in a random manner, ranging from nonsupervisory to managerial level. We employed primary data collection method, using the Linkert scale system, which shows the following description: 5=Strongly Agree, 4=Agree, 3=Neutral, 2=Disagree, 1=Strongly Disagree. The study analysed primary data with descriptive statistics and correlational methods aided by SPSS 21. Data obtained from respondents shows that human capital development, rewards, effective and efficient administrative structure and personnel engagement determines state institutions performance. Respondents noted that if state institutions have efficient administrative structure, they would facilitate human capital development and empowerment, ensure efficient management of financial resources and engage personnel for effective job performance. The aforementioned elements constitute determinants of exceptional performance. This study is therefore noteworthy to performance management specialists, human capital enhancement professionals and public institutions in Sierra Leone.

This study set out to ascertain the extent to which the grade scored in Common Entrance (CE) predicts students' Academic performance into Secondary Schools (especially Form One) in Bamenda III Subdivision. The sample used for this study was 190 Form One (1) students from Two (2) Government Secondary Schools, One (1) private school and One (1) mission Secondary School in Bamenda III subdivision. Data collection was done through personal administration of questionnaires to students. The data was collected from selected Secondary Schools and from the Regional Delegation of Basic Education. The statistical methods used were descriptive and inferential statistics. The hypotheses were tested at a0.05 level of significance. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation and SPSS version 2.0 were used to analyse data. Findings showed that there was a weak negative correlation coefficient (-0.009) between total CE score and Term One (1) score in English Language with an alpha value of 0.907 which is non-significant (hypothesis 1). Findings on hypothesis 2 showed that there was a weak correlation coefficient (-0.066) between CE English Language score and Term One (1) score in English Language with an alpha value of 0.365 which is non-significant. Also the findings on hypothesis 3 showed that there was a weak correlation coefficient (0.059) between CE Mathematics score and Term One (1) score in Mathematics with an alpha value of 0.419 which is non-significant. This study therefore concludes that CE does not significantly predict students' academic performance into Secondary schools. The study recommends that, CE results to an extent should not be used as the only criteria for selection and placement of students in Secondary Schools in Cameroon

Public secondary schools in Nigeria occupy a significant position for providing qualitative education, yet there has been increasing public discontent with the quality of students being produced in the country's public secondary schools. Teachers are regarded as one of the resources necessary for achieving the goals of secondary education. It is against this backdrop that this study examined teachers' collective efficacy as a predictor of students' academic performance in North Central Nigeria. Three research questions and hypotheses were generated to guide the study, which made use of a correlation-type descriptive research design with a population consisting of all teachers in the North Central region. An instrument titled the Teachers' Collective Efficacy Questionnaire (TCEQ) was developed to elicit pertinent data from the participants. Also, students' academic achievement was measured. The results of the study revealed that no substantial nexus existed between the teachers' experience and the students' academic achievement. However, the teachers' verbal encouragement was found to be an important predictor of the learners' academic success. Similarly, the teachers' academic emphasis was a significant predictor of the learners' academic performance. Based on this, it was established that teachers' collective efficacy is an important predictor that can be used to improve students' academic achievement. The study recommended that education administrators should acquaint their staff with the importance of collective efficacy towards improving students' academic performance. It was also recommended that the government should organize workshops, seminars, and conferences for the supervisors, principals, and teachers of schools on efficacy issues and that teachers should be well motivated to maintain a high degree of efficacy in their various schools.

This study deals with the definition of the legal language, its characteristics, its patterns and relationship to the general language, with the application of that in the Arabic language. The study paid attention to its applications in the Arabic language due to laxity of this type of language in the area of teaching Arabic. The study follows the descriptive analytical approach. The data of the legal document subjected to analysis and collected randomly from Arab legal and legislative publications. As the study shows, the legal language characterized with certain features that turned it to be different from the rest of the other types of language. These distinctive elements include amongst others: strangeness, ambiguity, excessive length of the sentence. Consequently, it seems to be too difficult and incomprehensible for those who are not specialized in laws, even though it is of the same normal language, and is subject to its phonemic, grammatical and semantic rules.: تتناول هذه الدراسة تعريف اللغة القانونية وخصائصها وأنماطها وعلاقتها باللغة العامة مع تطبيق ذلك في اللغة العربية. وقد اهتمت الدراسة بتطبيقاتها في اللغة العربية بسبب تراخي هذا النوع من اللغة في مجال تدريس اللغة العربية. تتبع الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي. يتم جمع بيانات الوثيقة القانونية الخاضعة للتحليل بشكل عشوائي من المطبوعات القانونية والتشريعية العربية. كما توضح الدراسة ، تتميز اللغة القانونية بسمات معينة جعلتها مختلفة عن باقي أنواع اللغات الأخرى. تشمل هذه العناصر المميزة من بين أمور أخرى: الغرابة ، والغموض ، وطول الجملة المفرط. وبالتالي ، يبدو أنه صعب للغاية وغير مفهوم بالنسبة لأولئك غير المتخصصين في القوانين ، على الرغم من أنها من نفس اللغة العادية ، وتخضع لقواعدها الصوتية والنحوية والدلالية.

This study is aimed at evaluating the customer's awareness and satisfaction toward Interest-free Banking and its role on Ethiopia economic development with some selected Commercial Bank in Ethiopia. To achieve the aim of the study the primary data was collected from Customers and Managers of the selected banks by using convenience method through questionnaire and interview. While, secondary data was collected by compiling and summarizing the bank's Annual reports and Journals. The collected data was analyzed in descriptive and inferential analysis. The finding of the study depicts as low customer awareness regarding Interest-free Banking services except the Interest-free Banking account holders. Further, majority of Interest-free Banking account holders are more or less satisfied with the current Interest-free Banking services provided since, it can potentially serve as an alternative banking channel in filling the gap left unaddressed by conventional banking and economic development in relation to idle monetary resource mobilization and allocation, inviting to use banking system, creating employment opportunity, supporting GDP growth and assisting in stabilizing crisis and arresting inflation. Based on the study result it concluded as Interest Free Banking have its own role on the country economic development through mobilizing the idle monitory resource, allocating the monitory resource, creating employment opportunity, and inviting to the banking system. Therefore, it recommended as the banks should make aggressive promotion on Interest Free Banking services for customers awareness specially those of out of Muslim customers, the government has to support and should give more emphasis to enable Interest Free Banking service, promote Interest Free Banking which can help assist the economy in stabilizing economic crisis and arresting inflation.

This study is aimed at evaluating the customer's awareness and satisfaction toward Interest-free Banking and its role on Ethiopia economic development with some selected Commercial Bank in Ethiopia. To achieve the aim of the study the primary data was collected from Customers and Managers of the selected banks by using convenience method through questionnaire and interview. While, secondary data was collected by compiling and summarizing the bank's Annual reports and Journals. The collected data was analyzed in descriptive and inferential analysis. The finding of the study depicts as low customer awareness regarding Interest-free Banking services except the Interest-free Banking account holders. Further, majority of Interest-free Banking account holders are more or less satisfied with the current Interest-free Banking services provided since, it can potentially serve as an alternative banking channel in filling the gap left unaddressed by conventional banking and economic development in relation to idle monetary resource mobilization and allocation, inviting to use banking system, creating employment opportunity, supporting GDP growth and assisting in stabilizing crisis and arresting inflation. Based on the study result it concluded as Interest Free Banking have its own role on the country economic development through mobilizing the idle monitory resource, allocating the monitory resource, creating employment opportunity, and inviting to the banking system. Therefore, it recommended as the banks should make aggressive promotion on Interest Free Banking services for customers awareness specially those of out of Muslim customers, the government has to support and should give more emphasis to enable Interest Free Banking service, promote Interest Free Banking which can help assist the economy in stabilizing economic crisis and arresting inflation.

This study determined the strategies for mentoring secondary school new teachers for greater performance in Anambra State. Two research questions guided the study. Two null hypotheses were tested at .05 level of significance. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population consists of 257 principals of public secondary schools and 166 principals of private secondary schools in the State. The stratified random sampling technique was used to select the sample size of 126 Principals (77 principals of public secondary schools and 49 principals of private secondary schools). A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The questionnaire was validated by two experts in education. To ascertain the internal consistency of the instrument, test re-test reliability was utilized. The tests were analyzed using Pearson product moment correlation to determine the degree of reliability. Reliability index obtained was 0.81. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation and t-test. The results showed that the principals rated collaborative curriculum alignment and classroom observation to a high extent in enhancing performance of new business teachers in secondary schools in Anambra State. The study further revealed no significant difference in the mean ratings of principals of public and private secondary schools on the extent collaborative curriculum alignment and classroom observation mentoring strategies enhances new business teachers for greater performance. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that the state government and educational authorities in the state should always provide high quality professional development programmes for new business teachers in secondary schools in the state. This will enable them acquire competencies and skills necessary for improved performance. Article visualizations:

The newly elected government of the Pakistan considered corruption as a main hurdle in long-term development of the country on one hand. On the other hand, it is put emphasis on enhancing remittances to maintain Marco-economic stability in Pakistan. Therefore, the aim of this study is to highlight the effects of remittance, quality of governance and financial development in Pakistan for the time 2000 to 2016 using Ordinary Least Square Method (OLS). The aftermaths of the study has shown the positive influence of remittance, quality of governance and financial development on economic development in Pakistan. Conversely, as expected the sign of inflation is negative with in-significant effect. Furthermore, the present study has categorized financial development into banking sector and stock market development to explore their effects separately. For this purpose, two indicators have chosen for banking sector and two for stock market development. Lastly, this paper uses various diagnostic tests to check the various econometric issues in the given models. The results of the diagnostic tests have showed that residual is normally distributed, homoscedastic and absence of serial correlation in all the given models. Moreover, descriptive statistics also shows that variables of present study are normally distributed. In sum, based on the findings this research recommends that by improving the quality of the governance and by increasing the remittances long-term economic growth is possible in Pakistan. In addition, financial development is also an important determinant of growth in Pakistan. Therefore, government focus on eradicating corruption and increasing remittances are the right policies for economy of Pakistan in the long run.

This study entitled "The Turkish-Iranian rivalry in the Middle East" aimed to investigatethe political transformations in the region which led to increasing this competition and its relevance tothe political, military and geopolitical importance of the region. The study consideredtheprojects and the roles of Turkey and Iran and its impact on the Middle East,so that itbegan from the hypothesis that the existence of two ideologically different forces thathave a somewhat similar capabilities enable bothto compete in the region,and from another hypothesis that this competition adversely affectsthe region byweakened the loyalties of some ideological movements to their countriesand proved to have new ideologies. The validity of these two hypotheses has been proven.Aresearch constraintisthe presence of a lack of clarity to understand the nature of the relationship between Turkey and Iran in the region and what are the foundations and pillarsof this relationship. The study answered number of questions raised in terms of the nature of the relationship and what are the determinants and reasons that created this competition between the two countriesusing the decision-making approach in explaining the nature of the political circumstances surrounding the decision-making environment in both countries and the analytical descriptive approach in clarifying and explaining the nature of this relationship which led to the dimensionsof this competition. It also used the game theory to showthe factorsof strength and weaknessbetween Iran and Turkey and the theory of realism in determining the behavior of the state interms of power and interest for each of the two countries.Anumber of recommendations and resultshave emergedfrom this study.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) is a new disease variant and comes from the coronavirus, which is a large family of viruses that attack the respiratory system with symptoms ranging from mild to severe symptoms. The increasing number of Covid-19 sufferers has made the government try to minimize this number by distributing vaccines throughout Indonesia, one of which is the AstraZeneca Vaccine. This vaccine has drawn controversy due to the use of pigs in the production of the vaccine. The method used in this research is descriptive research. The purpose of this study was to review the use of the AstraZeneca vaccine during the Covid-19 pandemic from an Islamic law perspective. The results in this study are the opinion of the ulama kyai arif, based on the MUI Fatwa No. 14 2021, Circular Letter Number: HK.02.02/II/841/2021 and BPOM Circular Number EUA2158100143A1 is to allow the use of the AstraZeneca vaccine which has been guaranteed by the government to be safe and of good quality, although with a lot of debate because there is a mixture of pig trypsin during breeding for separate the host cell and the medium. The conclusion in this study is that the use of the AstraZeneca vaccine based on Islamic law is permissible (permissible) with a note that it is only used in an emergency as it is today. The suggestion in this study is that it is hoped that the government can work harder to find a Covid-19 vaccine with 100% halal ingredients that are safe for public consumption without doubt.

Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. The study compared the physical characteristics and fitness levels of day and boarding students in Offa Local Government Area, Kwara State. The population for this study comprised 210 students in day and boarding schools in Offa LGA. Systematic sampling technique was used to select 20 students each from day and boarding school. Ex-post facto research design was adopted for the study, Standardized instrument (stadiometer, body fat/hydration monitoring scale, measuring non-elastic tape, stop watch, whistle, floor mat, sit and reach box) were used for the study. Split half method was used to ascertain the reliability of the instrument and a correlation coefficient of 0.63r was obtained. Descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation and inferential statistic of t-test were used to analyse the data . It findings revealed that boarding students were taller than the day students while both groups were physically fit and healthy. Furthermore, day and boarding students were significantly different in their cardio-respiratory endurance while both were not significantly different in muscular strength and body flexibility. It was therefore recommended that there should be a regular physical fitness assessment and screening consideration for students in day and boarding schools for early detection of any deviation from normalcy to take immediate corrective action while the school should organise physical fitness programme for all students on regular basis to develop their cardio respiratory endurance, muscular strength and body flexibility. Key Words: Muscular, Strength, Flexibility, Fitness

The Covid-19 pandemic has had an impact on the education sector. The government's efforts to break the chain of the spread of the Covid-19, which is growing massively, is by implementing an online learning policy. This study aims to determine student perceptions of online learning for Indonesian general courses in the Covid-19 pandemic phase. This study uses a survey method approach with a descriptive nature which aims to describe the situation or phenomenon that occurs. The subjects of this study were Sebelas Maret University students who were active in the odd semester of the 2021/2022 academic year, totaling 124 students. Data collection techniques were carried out by distributing questionnaires filled out online by students. The results showed that online learning can be accessed easily (66.1% agree), provide high learning motivation (48.4% agree and 48.4% disagree), online learning does not provide high learning motivation (50.8 % agree), carried out on time according to the study schedule (63.7% agree), learning materials are presented in accordance with the syllabus (71.8% agree), the lecturer responds to questions and opinions that arise (64.5 % agree), the lecturer gives you the opportunity to give questions or opinions (62.9% agree), online learning makes me believe the value of the Indonesian general courses that are followed increases (67.7% agree), the media/application used is very good easy to use (78.2% agree), easy to collect assignments and exams online (69.4% agree). It can be concluded that online learning for Indonesian general courses in the Covid-19 pandemi phase received a good response from students and it is recommended that lecturers always provide motivation to students.

Purpose of the study:This study was designed to assess the role of interpersonal and Informational Justice in the purview of teaching faculty's job satisfaction. Methodology:A cross-sectional and quantitative research method was carried out in three randomly selected universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan i.e. Bacha Khan University, University of Malakand, and the University of Swat. A well-structured questionnaire was used for data collection from 217 sampled respondents (employees) for primary data collection. Further, the researchers analyzed the data through descriptive and inferential statistics, i.e. frequency, percentage, correlation, and indexation of the study variables, namely dependent (job satisfaction) and independent (Interpersonal and Informational Justice), respectively. Principal Findings:Regarding the demographic sketch of the sampled respondents, the study found that the majority of the respondents were male, having the age group from 31-40 years with the collaboration of 5-10 year experiences of teaching at the university level. Further, as per the correlation test statistics at bivariate analysis between the Interpersonal and Informational Justice with job satisfaction was found significant with strong correlation (P≤0.05; 0.860) respectively. Applications of this study:The government and administration should take positive steps to provide a good working environment to establish their trust by expanding cooperation towards employees, exploration of benefits, strengthening relationships with each other, and encouragement of open communication that can stimulate and encourage an exchange of view between faculty and administration was put forward some of the recommendations in light of the study findings. Novelty/Originality of this study:This research comes under the domain of Sociology of organization and sociology of work through the perceptional-based endeavor.

The Sulu-Sulawesi Sea is a strategic trade route so that it becomes one of the policy priorities. Strategic value does not necessarily bring benefits, but also brings security threats such as piracy, piracy and kidnapping with a ransom demand. In an effort to overcome this, since 2017 the Trilateral Cooperative Arrangement in the Port Visit scheme has been built between the three countries of Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. The purpose of this study is to analyze the form of Port Visit cooperation and to analyze the Indonesian Defense Diplomacy Strategy in this cooperation. This research uses defense theory, strategy theory, and defense diplomacy theory. This study uses a qualitative descriptive analysis research method. The data collection carried out in this study used primary data through interviews and secondary data from a literature review of journals, books, reports, and internet-based sources. The Trilateral Port Visit Indomalphi cooperation is a response in dealing with transnational crimes in the Sulu-Sulawesi Sea area. With various series of activities, this cooperation plays an important role in efforts to maintain regional security and stability and provides the authority to maintain the safety of all Indonesian citizens as mandated by the law. The Indonesian Defense Diplomacy Strategy in the Indomalphi Port Visit is aimed at increasing mutual trust and military capacity in terms of coordination, communication and piracy capture training. Therefore, the defense diplomacy strategy in this study can be said to have fulfilled the two main characters of defense diplomacy, namely; defense diplomacy to build mutual trust (CBMs) and defense diplomacy to build defense capacity (CB).