Suchergebnisse

This unit was published in "International Cooperation of Competition Authorities in Europe: from Bilateral Agreements to Transgovernmental Networks" Błachucki, M., ed., (2020). The Nordic competition authorities have decades of experience in cross-border collaboration, and the first formal cooperation agreement between the authorities was signed in 2001. Sixteen years later, the cooperation agreement was renegotiated and expanded to enable wider forms of cooperation. On this occasion, Finland also joined the agreement. The European Competition Network provides for a well-functioning cooperation framework for the national competition authorities of the European Union. However, the EU framework does not meet all the needs of the Nordic countries and leaves room for a more extensive regional cooperation agreement. The Nordic Cooperation Agreement enables the exchange of confidential and non-confidential information in both antitrust and merger cases. In addition, the agreement also applies in purely national cases, i.e. where the competition restriction in question does not affect trade between the Nordic countries. Most importantly, as not all the Nordic countries are part of the EU, the Nordic agreement enables a deep cooperation between EU and non-EU countries.

The history of Veneto in the second half of 20th century is a history of great and sudden social transformations. The first one happens because of the economic boom that began in the 1970s, later than in other areas of Italy. The boom has led to a progressive consumption of the territory which has strongly changed the landscape towards a urban sprawl. Andrea Zanzotto denounces this situation already in 1970. In the 2000s, many writers denounced the erosion of the territory by unscrupulous businessmen and corrupt politicians. In these years, the most interesting works are novel rather than essays. In particular I quindicimila passi by Vitaliano Trevisan tells this situation by focusing on an unstable and highly effective character, who dreams of the Amazon in the suburbs of Vicenza. Cartongesso by Francesco Maino, published in 2014, takes the complaint to the extreme, because the author builds a very long invective against the Venetian people. But it is only in 2015, when Romolo Bugaro publishes Effetto domino, that the second major change in the Veneto region, due to the economic crisis, is represented: the building contractors who devastate the area are now defeated.

Giving citizens access to information from government and non-government institutions is one form of public information disclosure. Openness of public information that has been considered difficult to reach by the public is expected to help build openness between the community and government and non-government institutions in the future. In practice, obtaining the latest, accurate and complete data requires public information disclosure. In planning and development, up-to-date data is needed, especially building and land data that can support its implementation. Therefore the Dinas Pekerjaan Umum dan Penataan Ruang (DPUPR) Bengkulu Tengah Regency responsible for building management needs to conduct building data collection activities so that the availability of information regarding building data can be met. So in terms of spatial planning and building layout so that it is faster and more effective in identifying specific problems concerning the relationship of data between one and the other that are built connected by describing the characteristics of spatial planning openly, it requires an application of Spatial Management and Building Management Information Systems or abbreviated as SIMTRABA

The paper is focused on the reaction of Soviet media in 1920–1930s to Peresteriani's movie The little Red Devils. The movie was based on P. Blyakhin's shorter novel written in the last year of the Russian Civil War. The movie was shot in Soviet Georgia, because the system of filmmaking in Russia was in ruin. The little Red Devils turned out to be especially successful – partly because of the fact that the movie was being strongly promoted by the Party. The movie was a strange mix of ideological cliches and the adventure plot. At the very beginning of work on the film yet, the story underwent significant changes- so that the father of the little Red Devils was turned from a revolutionary peasant into a class conscious railway worker, etc. A decade later, in mid 1930s the movie was recut to delete any allusions with Trotsky's politics during the Civil War. In early 40-s the new recutting was made as the final version. Such mutations according to the Party's demands was rather typical for many Soviet art pieces which got the status of the Soviet classics.

What was the influence of Antonio Gramsci on the thought of political philosopher Ernesto Laclau? We seek to answer this question. In his first texts there are no direct references to the work of Gramsci; later on, the citations and analysis refer mainly to other interpreters'; in a third stage, the Italian author appears linked to the notions of hegemony, people and leadership. We posit that Laclau was not a pioneer nor a systematic reader of Gramsci, although he adopted and expanded on his ideas in philosophical-political reflections on socialism and populism. ; ¿Cuál fue la influencia de Antonio Gramsci en el pensamiento del filósofo político Ernesto Laclau? El trabajo intenta responder esta pregunta. En sus primeros textos no hay referencias directas a la obra de Gramsci; más adelante, las citas y análisis remiten principalmente a otros intérpretes; en una tercera etapa, el autor italiano aparece vinculado a las nociones de pueblo, liderazgo y hegemonía. Se postula que Laclau no fue un lector pionero ni sistemático de Gramsci, aunque adoptó y amplió sus ideas en sus reflexiones filosófico políticas sobre el socialismo y el populismo.

Plastic packaging waste has been an important issue in the recent years as plastic is used as packaging material in many industries and in types of forms. In order to reach circular economy goals, member states still have to implement various measures in order to lower plastic packaging impact on the environment. The main aim of the final project was to investigate flexible packaging, its collection and recycling rates in European Union countries and to evaluate possible ways to increase its recyclability in Lithuania. To achieve this aim, advantages and disadvantages of flexible plastic packaging were analyzed. Later, collection system and recycling rates in 6 European Union countries, including Lithuania, were investigated. Questionnaire was developed in order to investigate citizens recycling behavior and to understand if separate collection system for flexible plastic packaging is needed. Survey results have showed the need of information about importance of correct packaging waste collection as well as improvements in collection system itself. After the evaluation of the results, improvement in waste collection system was suggested, with indications on required implementations. Finally, alternatives to increase recycling rates were provided.

The subject of agroecology, although it emerged independently late in French research, is now one of the six major themes studied by INRAE. INRAE is a French public institution resulting from the recent merger between the National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA) and the National Institute for Research in Science and Technology for the Environment and Agriculture (IRSTEA), which took effect on 1st January 2020. The decree merging the two establishments specifies that INRAE's main missions are to "carry out, organise and coordinate, on its own initiative or at the request of the State, all scientific and technological research in the fields of agriculture, food, forestry, environment, water, biodiversity, bioeconomy, circular economy, and sustainable land and risk management in the aforementioned areas of competence". Under the joint supervision of the Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation (MESRI) and the Ministry of Agriculture and Food (MAA), INRAE prides itself on being the first institute in the world to be specialised in agriculture, food and environment. Thanks to this position, the institute claims to be able to contribute to the "necessary transitions", namely the agroecological, nutritional and energy transitions.

In late 2018, the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI) embarked on the adventure of developing a new ORCID consortium. There were many factors and decision points to consider – what organizations could join the consortium, how the consortium should operate, staffing resources, consortium fee models, and much more. DOE OSTI wanted to develop a consortium to share best practices, API integration ideas, discuss barriers, raise ORCID awareness, and identify potential collaborations while decreasing membership costs and streamlining administrative and technical support. We wanted to offer ORCID consortium membership to help our organizations disambiguate researchers, track research outputs and awards, highlight facility use, auto-populate information collection in proposals, and facilitate connections between a researcher, their funding, facility use, and research outputs. It took a year and a half before the consortium was launched April 1st, 2020. The US Government ORCID Consortium now has 9 member organizations and counting. This session will walk through our consortium development process and ask what you might consider during the development of own consortium, whether it's an ORCID consortium or another PID consortium.

The article focuses on a topic that so far has not been studied in a comparative approach. The author addresses some basic problems of the comparative research, focusing on the general and the specific causes, the course, and the consequences of the crusading actions in the lands of Livonia and Estonia – in the northeast, and Romania – in the southeast. Reconsidering the already established models and theses in historical research on the Baltic campaigns, on the one hand, and the Third, the Fourth, and the Fifth Crusades, on the other, the author formulates some guidelines and approaches for a comparative study on crusading 'on the edges' in the late 12th – the early 13th centuries. The article analyzes several factors including the role of geographical and climatic conditions, the demographic expansion, the papal policy, the commercial maritime activity, and the role of the Knightly orders in the crusading campaigns under review. Furthermore, the author explores the political and social background of the crusading campaigns under question and the different models of interaction between the colonization stratum and the local population in Livonia and the Latin Empire in Constantinople.

African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most threatening diseases for the pig farming sector worldwide. Prevention, control and eradication remain a challenge, especially in the absence of an effective vaccine or cure and despite the relatively low contagiousness of this pathogen in contrast to Classical Swine Fever or Foot and Mouth disease, for example. Usually lethal in pigs and wild boar, this viral transboundary animal disease has the potential to significantly disrupt global trade and threaten food security. This paper outlines the importance of a disease-specific legal framework, based on the latest scientific evidence in order to improve ASF control. It compares the legal basis for ASF control in a number of pig-producing regions globally, considering diverse production systems, taking into account current scientific evidence in relation to ASF spread and control. We argue that blanket policies that do not take into account disease-relevant characteristics of a biological agent, nor the specifics under which the host species are kept, can hamper disease control efforts and may prove disproportionate. ; https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science# ; am2022 ; Veterinary Tropical Diseases

Aims: Fostering the emergence of open science methodologies, knowledge and infrastructures that are co-created and coordinated by the people, and aligned with the objectives, values and principles of the UNESCO Recommendation adopted by 193 states in late 2021. Carrying, valuing and contributing to a coherent set of essential social commons, that is resources whose primary utility is to enable every human being: the fulfilment of their basic needs; the development of their capacity to care; the full enjoyment of their civil and social rights. Building and preserving an information commons under copyfair or copyleft legal regime, or a normative framework of equivalent effect, as well as a movable and immovable heritage governed according to Ostrom principles. Practicing creation-as-research: research emerging from creative activities. Illustration of Open Science elements according to UNESCO Illustration presenting the positioning of the foundation Insert on the founder's journey Contact email Version française. Annex under CC BY SA: editable file, improved UNESCO icons (darker colours, uniform sizes), circle integrating the four elements (placement and labels modified).

Despite its well-established value, the 1441 AH annual homecoming was prohibited by the Government of Indonesia to halt the COVID-19 outbreak. This paper aims to illustrate as well as analyse social factors that come up along with the implementation of the regulation. This research employs the so-called socio-legal research method. The intercourse between law and society has been discussed thoroughly. Later, the discussion builds a connection between law and society in which law initiates changes within society. Furthermore, as this regulation intends to adjust a well-established social value, this paper offers analysis from a perspective of sociology of law. There is a list of considerations to study. First, the legitimate lawmakers and the measurable benchmark are the main sociological strength of the law. Secondly, the absence of an integrated punishment and the ad-hoc basis of policy-making reduce the capacity to create social changes. Besides, other social factors ignored by the Government range from the recognition of this annual homecoming as social value to the ignorance of current social solidarity in Indonesia.

Internet piracy threatens Japan's most popular cultural exports: manga and anime. Fans have taken to translating and distributing the works online for other fans to enjoy because official translated versions of manga and anime are released overseas later than the original in Japan, or they are never released at all. In order to combat the illegal downloading and distributing of manga, the National Diet, Japan's legislature, passed an amendment to the Japanese Copyright Act that increases punishments for leech sites and illegal downloading of manga.This Note discusses the manga and anime industries and their struggles with piracy before reviewing the copyright regimes in the United States and Japan. In critiquing the Japanese Copyright Amendment, this Note considers the hardships of enforcement and the manga and anime industries' resistance to change with new technologies. This Note concludes that a comprehensive licensing regime is needed to stop manga and anime piracy. Such a regime would facilitate timely distribution to satisfy overseas demand, and copyright owners would profit from the expanded market rather than lose out to piracy.

The Southern Cameroons Education Board created in 1954 and transformed to the West Cameroon Education Board in 1961, was appropriated within a post-colonial context of divergent perspectives to educational management. Such diversity in perceptions though discordant, is depictive of the dichotomy in the colonial experiences of the regions presently conterminous with the French-speaking and English-speaking sections of contemporary Cameroon. This paper uses primary and secondary data to analyze the foundations and transient profile of the education board. The paper reveals that the foundation of Education Boards in Southern Cameroons and later West Cameroon imposed a new orientation to educational management reflective of the British/Nigerian experiences. However, Reunification introduced new exigencies in education policy making such as Indigenization, Harmonization, Bilingualism and Ruralisation. Attempts made by the West Cameroon Education Board to adapt to the changing times was rather perceived differently by the Federal Government. In its struggle for survival, sound traditions and practices of the inherited English subsystem of Education Boards gained roots in the mind of a majority of inhabitants in present day North West and South West Regions of Cameroo

This community services program aims tofacilitate tourism awareness groups (Pokdarwis) in improving English language skills and the ability to guide tours in Panji Village and increase the tourist attraction in Panji Village by helping the tourism awareness group in making tour packages in the form of brochures. In the current pandemic conditions, tourism in Bali is experiencing a decline in the level of visits due to social restrictions imposed by the Government. Therefore, in order to revive the enthusiasm of tour guides, especially in Panji Village, this training is expected to be able to improve the quality of human resources to be better in preparing for the new normal era. The participatory approach method was used where the participants will later be actively involved in this service activity. This program was implemented succesfully, the participants were very cooperative and active in delivering the material.The results of this program had a positive impact on the participants. It is hoped that in the next, this program can continue to be implemented to monitor the development of English language skills of the participants. Keywords: Tourism awareness group, Tourism, English