Suchergebnisse

The need for corporate environmental accountability -- History and definitions -- The shortcomings of traditional legal solutions -- Primary rules? -- The UN and the OECD : parallel or convergent paths? -- A contribution of human rights monitoring bodies? -- Standard-setting by international financial institutions -- Emerging standards on corporate accountability in IEL -- Tools for compliance -- The tools of international financial institutions : conditions in loan agreements and complaints mechanisms -- Sharpening the monitoring role of other international organizations -- Integrating international standards in UN-business partnerships

This paper develops a proposal for an international multilevel competition policy system, which draws on the insights of the analysis of multilevel systems of institutions. In doing so, it targets to contribute to bridge a gap in the current world economic order, i.e. the supranational governance of private international restrictions to market competition. Such a governance can effectively be designed against the background of a combination of the well-known nondiscrimination principle and a lead jurisdiction model. Put very briefly, competition policy on the global level restricts itself to the selection and appointment of appropriate lead jurisdictions for concrete cross-border antitrust cases, while the substantive treatment remains within the competence of the existing national and regional-supranational antitrust regimes.

Discusses whether UN Security Council actions and NATO intervention in the ethnic conflict violated international law. Focuses on Serbian civilian casualties and collateral damage caused by NATO air raids, and evaluates the Yugoslavian government's charge that the air campaign constituted an act of genocide.

Aus polnischer Sicht

This volume contains new important research on banking institutions and performance in transition economies, economic growth and inequality and exchange rate economics and international finance. Topics include exchange rate exposure of firms, the relationship between monetary policy and house price shocks, economic interdependence of south-eastern European countries, Chinas exchange rate policy and economic growth, inequality and financial sector. Among the questions answered are : is exchange rate volatility a significant determinant of average firm level exposure? Can we identify shocks that can be interpreted as loose monetary shocks, low inflation shocks, banks credit shocks and house price shocks? What are the main factors driving the relationship between banks and companies in transition economies? Does it matter for forecasting GDP growth whether the economy is in tranquil times or during a period of turbulence? Has economic growth played any role in reducing inequality in South Africa? Are global bilateral investment holdings characterized by strong persistence? And finally, is China's international competitiveness fluctuates in consistency with PPP equilibrium?

International Law and New Wars examines how international law fails to address the contemporary experience of what are known as 'new wars' - instances of armed conflict and violence in places such as Syria, Ukraine, Libya, Mali, the Democratic Republic of Congo and South Sudan. International law, largely constructed in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, rests to a great extent on the outmoded concept of war drawn from European experience - inter-state clashes involving battles between regular and identifiable armed forces. The book shows how different approaches are associated with different interpretations of international law, and, in some cases, this has dangerously weakened the legal restraints on war established after 1945. It puts forward a practical case for what it defines as second generation human security and the implications this carries for international law

Introduction : a Nordic approach to international law? / Astrid Kjeldgaard-Pedersen -- Nostalghia : a Nordic international law / Gregor Noll -- Diplomats, professors, and then some : notes for a history of international law in 20th century Finland / Martti Koskenniemi -- Dag Hammarskjöld and the "Ambetsmanna" approach to UN cooperation / Ove Bring -- Nordic judges of the Permanent Court of International Justice and the International Court of Justice / Astrid Kjeldgaard-Pedersen -- A Nordic approach to the interpretation of the European Convention on Human Rights? / Jens Elo Rytter -- Who cares about international law? : a study of how Scandinavian judges cite international law and courts / Marlene Wind -- The effect of the judgments of the ECtHR before the national courts--a Nordic approach? / David Thor Björgvinsson -- The implementation of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court in the Nordic countries : a new comprehensive criminalization of serious crimes / Thordis Ingadóttir -- In the line of fire : Denmark and law and legitimacy in 21st century war of choice / Anders Henriksen -- Communities of interest in the Nordic management of international watercourses / Julie Gjørtz Howden -- A Nordic approach to promoting women's rights within international law : internal v. external perspectives / Cecilia M. Bailliet-- Conspicuous absence and mistaken presence : a note on the ambiguous role of Scandinavian legal realism in Nordic approaches to international law / Jakob v.H. Holtermann

The article is devoted to the doctrine and practice of the Law of Treaties. The author focuses his attention on the following four topics: 1. the Treaties and third States or third international organizations; 2. the Tre?aties that provide rights for third States or third international organizations; 3. the Treaties that set out obligations for third States or third international organizations. He pays special attention to the most-favoured-nation clau?se. The author gives interpretations of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 1969 and the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties between States and International Organizations or between International Organizations 1986.