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"What can social spaces tell us about social relations in society? How do everyday social spaces like teashops, reading rooms and libraries reify-or subvert-dominant social structures like caste and gender? These are the questions that this book explores through a study of modern Kerala. Using archival material, discourse analysis, participant observation and personal interviews, this book traces the transformation of public spaces through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The volume focuses on how 'modernity' has also been a struggle for access to public spaces, and non-institutional spaces like teashops, markets, public roads, temple grounds, reading-rooms and libraries have all been crucial to how political culture was shaped, and how dominant hegemonies-caste, class or capital-have been challenged. It suggests that the secular public sphere that emerged in the last century in Kerala was a result of the constant negotiations between conflicting ideas which were put to test in these social spaces. At a time when digital spaces are fast replacing physical ones, this book is a timely reminder of the struggles that led to the emergence of secular public spaces in Kerala. It contributes to similar studies on public space that have emerged from other parts of the world over the last decades. A major contribution to understanding modern India, this book will be of interest to scholars and researchers of social history, political science, political sociology, gender studies, linguistics, and South Asian studies"--

This book presents a comprehensive account of the socio-political thought of prominent modern Indian thinkers. It offers a clear understanding of the basic concepts and their contributions on contemporary issues. Key features: Explores the nature, scope, relevance, context, and theoretical approaches of modern Indian thought and overviews its development through an in-depth study of the lives and ideas of major thinkers. Examines critical themes such as nationalism, swaraj, democracy and state, liberalism, revolution, socialism, constitutionalism, secularism, satygraha, swadeshi, nationbuilding, humanism, ethics in politics, democratic decentralisation, religion and politics, social transformation and emancipation, and social and gender justice under sections on liberal-reformist, moderate-Gandhian, and leftist-socialist thought. Brings together insightful essays on Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Daynanda Saraswati, Ramakrishna Paramhansa, Pandita Ramabai, Periyar E. V. Ramasamy, Jyotirao Govindrao Phule, Babasaheb Ambedkar, Dadabhai Naoroji, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhas Chandra Bose, Ram Manohar Lohia, Babu Jagjivan Ram, Vinoba Bhave, Acharya Narendra Deva, Manabendra Nath Roy, and Jayaprakash Narayan. Traces different perspectives on the way India's composite cultures, traditions, and conditions inf luenced the evolution of their thought and legacy. With its accessible style, this book will be useful to teachers, students, and scholars of political science, modern Indian political thought, modern Indian history, and political philosophy. It will also interest those associated with exclusion studies, political sociology, sociology, and South Asian studies.

Intro -- Preface and Acknowledgement -- Contents -- About the Author -- List of Acronyms -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 `Hot Politics, Cold Economics´, the Need to Bridge South Asia´s Connectivity Gap -- 1.2 Economic Corridors and Sustainable Development: Outlining the Puzzle -- 1.3 The Larger Picture of the CPEC: China´s `Belt and Road´ Initiative -- 1.4 Initial Conditions: The Genesis of Pakistani-Chinese Relations -- 1.5 CPEC: A Introductory Rapprochement -- 1.5.1 CPEC: An Envisaged Critical Juncture in Aid, Investment and Development Relations -- 1.5.2 Envisioning Development: Multi-Sectoral Initiatives -- 1.5.3 Multi-Phase-Approach and Categorization of Projects -- 1.5.4 From Plan to Action -- 1.6 Structure and Methodology -- Chapter 2: The Conceptual Framework Regarding Economic Corridors -- 2.1 Genesis of the Economic Corridor Concept -- 2.2 Conceptualisation of Economic Corridors -- 2.2.1 Conceptualised Geographic Framework -- 2.2.2 Identified Growth Zones -- 2.2.3 Established Special Economic Zones (SEZs) -- 2.2.4 Internal Connectivity Within the Geographical Framework -- 2.2.5 Connectivity Beyond Own Geographical Framework (External Connectivity) -- 2.2.6 Articulated Common Culture and History -- 2.2.7 Processes of Modernisation and Industrialisation -- 2.2.8 Social and Societal Development -- 2.2.9 Effective and Fair Regional Distribution Mechanisms -- 2.2.10 Pre-existence of Economic Viability -- 2.2.11 Integrated and Comprehensive EC Planning -- 2.2.12 Sufficient Political Will -- 2.2.13 Enabling Policy Frameworks and Mechanisms (`Soft Infrastructure´) -- 2.2.14 Enabling Institutional Structures and Mechanisms (`Hard Infrastructure´) -- 2.2.15 Enabling and Favourable (Safe) Environments -- 2.2.16 Effective Diplomacy -- 2.2.17 Sustainability and Ecological as Well as Environmental Awareness.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Preface -- About the Author -- Chapter 1 Soft Targets -- Introduction -- The Difference in Threat, Vulnerability, and Risk -- References -- Chapter 2 The Psychology of Soft Targeting and Our Unique Vulnerability -- Introduction -- What Is Terrorism? -- Who Becomes a Terrorist? -- Terrorist Motivations -- Terrorist Behavior -- Terrorism's Effectiveness -- Science vs. Emotion -- Terrorism's Target -- Soft Target Violence: A Collective Twenty-First-Century Black Swan -- The Internet as a Tool -- Soft Targeting Motivations -- Our Unique Vulnerability -- What Do We Most Fear? -- How Should We Respond? -- References -- Chapter 3 International Terror Groups: Propensity and Ability to Mount Soft Target Attacks -- Introduction -- Modern Terrorism's Roots -- AQ and Affiliates -- The Ideology -- Rise of Bin Laden and al­Qaeda -- Emergent al­Qaeda -- AQAP -- ISIS and Other AQ Splinter Groups -- Bin Laden Speaks -- AQ's Morphing Goals and Tactics -- Hezbollah -- Methodology and Objectives -- Primary Area of Operations -- Tactical Proficiency -- Active and Deadly -- Operations in the Western Hemisphere -- South America -- Canada -- At the Mexican Border -- Tunnels -- Bombs -- United States -- HAMAS -- HAMAS in the Western Hemisphere -- Summary of Threat -- References -- Chapter 4 Domestic Terrorism and the Homegrown Threat -- Introduction -- History of Domestic Terrorism in the United States -- The Twenty­First Century and the Rising Tide of Domestic Extremism -- Domestic Terrorism: Persistent and Lethal -- Right­Wing Extremism -- White Supremacists -- Militias -- Sovereign Citizens -- Left­Wing Extremism -- Anarchists -- Anarchism and the Military -- Anti­Fascism (Antifa) -- Single­Issue or Special­Interest Terrorism -- The Earth Liberation Front

Ecoconcerns and ecocriticism are a rising trend in medievalism studies, and form a major focus of this collection. Topics under discussion in the first part of the volume include figurations in nineteenth- and twentieth-century medievalism; environmental medievalism in Sidney Lanier's Southern chivalry; nostalgia and loss in T.H. White's "forest sauvage"; and green medievalism in J.R.R. Tolkien's elven realms. The eleven subsequent articles continue to take in such themes more tangentially, testing and buillding on the methods and conclusions of the first part. Their subjects include John Aubrey's Middle Ages; medieval charter-horns in early modern England; nineteenth-century reimaginings of Chaucer's Griselda; Dante's influence on Harlan Ellison's "I Have No Mouth and I Must Scream";multi-layered medievalisms in George R.R. Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire; (coopted) feminism via medievalism in Disney's Maleficent; (neo)medievalism in Babylon 5 and Crusade; cosmopolitan anxieties and national identity in Netflix's Marco Polo; mapping Everealm in The Quest; undergraduate perceptions of the "medieval" and the "Middle Ages"; and medievalism in the prosopopeia and corpsepaint of Mayhem's De Mysteriis Dom Sathanas. Karl Fugelso is Professor of Art History at Towson University in Baltimore, Maryland. Contributors: Dustin M. Frazier Wood, Daniel Helbert, Ann F. Howey, Carol Jamison, Ann M. Martinez, Kara L. McShane, Lisa Myers, Elan Justice Pavlinich, Katie Peebles, Scott Riley, Paul B. Sturtevant, Dean Swinford, Renée Ward, Angela Jane Weisl, Jeremy Withers

"There is a quiet drama playing out in American foreign policy far from the dark contours of upheaval in the Middle East and South Asia and the hovering drone attacks of the war on terror. The United States is in the midst of a substantial and long-term national project, which is proceeding in fits and starts, to reorient its foreign policy to the East. The central tenet of this policy shift-- aka The Pivot--is that the United States will need to do more with and in the Asia-Pacific hemisphere to help revitalize its own economy, to realize the full potential of the region's dramatic innovation, and to keep the peace in the world's most dynamic region where the lions' share of the history of the twenty-first century will be written. This book is about a necessary course correction for American diplomacy, commercial engagement, and military innovation during a time of unrelenting and largely unrewarding conflict. While the United States has intensified its focus on the Asia-Pacific arena relative to previous administrations, much more remains to be done. THE PIVOT is about that future. It explores how the United States should construct a strategy that will position it to maneuver across the East and offers a clarion call for cunning, dexterity, and ingenuity in the period ahead for American statecraft in the Asia-Pacific region."--From Amazon.com

Intro -- FOREIGN POLICY IN AN INTERCONNECTED WORLD -- FOREIGN POLICY IN AN INTERCONNECTED WORLD -- LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 EUROPEANIZATION OF BRITISH FOREIGN POLICY TOWARD CHINA: AN INSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE -- ABSTRACT -- EUROPEAN FOREIGN POLICY SYSTEM -- EUROPEANIZATION OF NATIONAL FOREIGN POLICY -- CASE OF TRADE AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS AND THE REGULATION DYNAMIC -- CASE OF HUMAN RIGHTS ISSUE AND THE COORDINATION DYNAMIC -- CASE OF HONG KONG ISSUE AND THE EXCLUSION DYNAMIC -- TOWARDS A POST-STATE DIPLOMACY -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Chapter 2 PUBLIC DIPLOMACY, MULTIMODALITY AND THE WORLD-WIDE WEB -- 1. STUDY DESIGN -- 2. DEFINING PUBLIC DIPLOMACY -- 2.1. Public Diplomacy, Public Relations and Place Branding -- 2.2. Communication in Public Diplomacy: Recent Developments -- 3. A CASE STUDY IN PUBLIC DIPLOMACY COMMUNICATION: AMERICA.GOV -- 3.1. Reorganization of Thematic Categories -- 3.1.1. Slogans and catchphrases -- 3.2. The America.gov Homepage -- 3.2.1. The "cover" stories -- 3.2.2. Other homepage contents -- 3.3. Looking Inside the Website -- 3.3.1. Examining the economics section -- 3.3.2. Non-textual modal resources -- 3.3.3. Economics, entrepreneurship and personalization -- 3.4. Some Observations on Website Construction and Exploitation of HCMC Affordances: Interactivity, Co-Articulation and Visual Resources -- 3.4.1. Longer texts -- 4. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 TYING DISASTER DIPLOMACY IN KNOTS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- DISASTER DIPLOMACY -- DISASTER DIPLOMACY TYPOLOGIES -- TOO MUCH AND TOO LITTLE INTERCONNECTEDNESS -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 EUROPEAN UNION ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL VALUE PROJECTION: SOFT POWER IN THE SOUTH PACIFIC -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- EUROPE AND THE PACIFIC IN HISTORY -- DIPLOMACY -- TRADE AGREEMENTS -- TRADE CONTROVERSY.

Exports and the economy of the lower south region, 1720-1770 / Peter C. Mancall, Joshua L. Rosenbloom, and Thomas Weiss -- Quarterly data on the categories and causes of bank distress during the Great Depression, 1929-1933 / Gary Richardson -- On English pygmies and giants : the physical stature of English youth in the late-18th and early-19th centuries / John Komlos -- Fiscal statistics for Sweden 1719-2003 / Klas Fregert and Roger Gustafson -- Transport capacity management and transatlantic migration, 1900-1914 / Drew Keeling -- Globalization and labor market integration in late nineteenth and early twentieth century Asia / Gregg Huff and Giovanni Caggiano. - The volume includes six papers in quantitative economic history. Peter Mancall, Josh Rosenbloom, and Tom Weiss consider growth in colonial North America, while Gary Richardson examines the role of bank failures in propagating the Great Depression. John Komlos examines the heights of rich and poor youth in England in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century. Klas Fregert and Roger Gustafson provide a synoptic view of public finances in Sweden from the eighteenth through the twentieth century. Drew Keeling studies the economics of the steamship industry that facilitated migration between Europe and the United States between 1900 and 1914. Finally, Gregg Huff and Giovanni Caggiano examine the integration of labor markets in Southeast Asia in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. It includes original articles written by experts on the subjects and articles supported by quantitative data

Large-scale comparative economic history of westernmost and easternmost Eurasia is of importance for the understanding of global history. The book provides a description of material life in North-western Europe and East Asia, for the period from the late fifteenth to the late nineteenth centuries, with a focus on developments in Great Britain and the Dutch Republic on the one hand and China and Japan on the other hand. Like an atlas it provides information, in an accessible format, on the main characteristics of the economic landscape of this period. Maps, tables, graphs and figures are a prominent and integral part of the book. It shows the constraints to which all pre-industrial economies were subjected because of their dependence on organic natural resources but also the different ways in which the societies discussed dealt with those constraints. To provide a better understanding of this economy of limited possibilities, the final chapter of the book is devoted to the emergence of modern economic growth in Western Europe. 00Peer Vries was professor for Global Economic History at the University of Vienna from 2007 to 2016. Since 2016, he is Honorary Research Fellow at the International Institute of Social History in Amsterdam. He published widely on global economic history and on the Great Divergence.0Annelieke Vries-Baaijens studied physical geography with a major in Cartography at Utrecht University. She defended her PhD in mathematics and computer science at Delft University. Since 2010, she makes digital maps of historical subjects

Josep Borrell's visit to Moscow was a substantial political failure of the EU's diplomacy still it was not an accident neither a surprise. The EU' policy towards Russia has been based on illusions and the European wishful thinking since the very beginning of the mutual relations that started in 1991-1993. The Borrell's visit to Moscow rather showed the nature of the Russian attitude towards the EU than produced it. Russia prefers to act within the "great powers concerto" i.e. to deal with both - the leading EU member states (Germany, France) and the non-EU great powers (UK, USA) and not with the EU institutions and representatives who are not respected neither treated seriously in Moscow. There is a deep division within the EU between the Eastern flank member states whose perception of Russian threat is strong and well founded and the western and southern countries the political interests and priorities are focused on other problems. Russian capacity to corrupt the numerous prominent members of the European political class makes the EU policy vis a vis Russia even less coherent and realistic. The article shows the history of the EU-Russia relations in the last 30 years and proves the fiasco of the Borrell's visit to Moscow was not just an accident still a logical consequence of the ill based EU policy towards Russia.

Bangladesh is a lower-middle-income country within South Asia, possessing impressive track records regarding growth and development during the last five decades. In this glorious history of development, the Ready-made Garment (RMG) industries have a good share of contribution. Approximately, 85% of foreign direct investment (FDI) is encouraged by this sector. Due to the drastic spreading of this COVID-19 pandemic in December 2019, the entire world economy had collapsed. Most of the countries had adopted immediate lockdown for survival, as the world had experienced a huge amount of death toll. In this regard, Bangladesh is not an exception. The Bangladesh government decided to lock down all institutional activities like RMG industries, schools, colleges, corporate offices, etc. to deal with this pandemic that is yet to leave the black spots behind in the economic sectors and that will invite difficulties in tackling the post-COVID-19 situation. This paper focuses on examining the existing situation faced by the ready-made garments industries and how it affects the huge number of garment workers. The paper follows the research question- How does the COVID-19 pandemic create a drastic impact on ready-made garment industries in Bangladesh? Furthermore, the paper uses a qualitative research method to build arguments beyond the toxic experiences of the RMG sectors in Bangladesh during this COVID-19 crisis and provides recommendations to overcome those.

ITALIANO: Il saggio introduce la sezione monografica su "Istituzioni, relazioni e culture politiche nelle città tra stato della Chiesa e regno di Napoli (1350-1500 ca.)". Dopo aver messo a fuoco due persistenti chiavi di lettura della storia politica urbana del tardo medioevo italiano – quella dualistica e quella plurale basata sugli stati regionali – si presentano alcuni spunti di riflessione a partire dalle acquisizioni storiografiche degli ultimi due decenni. Si illustrano poi le nuove prospettive entro le quali si intende verificare, attraverso i saggi raccolti, l'esistenza di un'area di cultura politica urbana intorno ai confini fra stato della Chiesa e regno di Napoli, e il questionario entro il quale si sono mossi gli autori dei singoli saggi. / ENGLISH: The essay introduces the collection of papers Institutions, relationships, and political cultures in the cities along the border between the Papal States and the Kingdom of Naples (c. 1350-1500). After discussing two persistent points of view on the urban political history of late medieval Italy – the North-South dualism and the pluralistic understanding of the regional states– this essay highlights some points for reflection which arise from recent studies. It then suggestsnew perspectives to verify, through the following contributions, the existence of an area of urban political culture at the borders between the Papal States and the Kingdom of Naples. Lastly, it presents the specific issues that guided the authors' work.

The essay introduces the collection of papers Institutions, relations and political cultures in the cities between the Papal States and the Kingdom of Naples (1350-1500 ca.). After discussing two persistent points of view on the urban political history of late medieval Italy – the North-South dualism and the pluralistic understanding of the regional states – this essay highlights some points for reflection which arise from recent studies. It then suggests new perspectives to verify, through the following contributions, the existence of an area of urban political culture at the borders between the Papal States and the Kingdom of Naples. Lastly, it presents the specific issues that guided the authors' work. ; Il saggio introduce la sezione monografica su Istituzioni, relazioni e culture politiche nelle città tra stato della Chiesa e regno di Napoli (1350-1500 ca.). Dopo aver messo a fuoco due persistenti chiavi di lettura della storia politica urbana del tardo medioevo italiano – quella dualistica e quella plurale basata sugli stati regionali – si presentano alcuni spunti di riflessione a partire dalle acquisizioni storiografiche degli ultimi due decenni. Si illustrano poi le nuove prospettive entro le quali si intende verificare, attraverso i saggi raccolti, l'esistenza di un'area di cultura politica urbana intorno ai confini fra stato della Chiesa e regno di Napoli, e il questionario entro il quale si sono mossi gli autori dei singoli saggi.

Abstract
Discourses on the nonprofit sector and civil society have elevated awareness of the significant growth of the sector's roles and responsibilities since the early 1990s in South Korea (hereafter simply Korea). The nonprofit sector has played significant roles in promoting economic progress and democracy in Korea. Based on extensive empirical research and government statistics, this article presents the nature of the Korean nonprofit sector from various angles, including terminology, history, legal frames, size and dimensions, financial resources, changes in philanthropy and volunteer cultures, and social economic perspectives. In addition, the authors discuss contemporary issues for the nonprofit sector based on changes in the social environment.
In discussing the magnitude of the Korean nonprofit sector, this article makes three arguments. First, we confirm that the Korean nonprofit sector has rapidly grown in multidimensional aspects as the legal systems for the nonprofits have developed in Korea since World War II. The growth has been accelerated by strong government supports and initiatives. Second, we argue that lack of conceptual frameworks to identify the nonprofit sector and lack of a centralized administration system have hindered fully catching up on the nature of the nonprofit sector in Korea. Multiple legal frameworks and excessively complicated governing systems for the nonprofit sector have inhibited understanding the size and dimensions of the Korean nonprofit sector. This article further diagnoses the financial structures and the contemporary issues for the Korean nonprofit sector, discussing key suggestions for developing it.

The South Australian Museum boasts the largest and most comprehensive cetacean collection in Australia, including various large cetacean skeletons. The preparation of these skeletons was done at various locations throughout the history of the Museum until the state government funded a purpose-built preparation facility which opened in 1983. The well-equipped centre was fitted with a large (2800 L) custom-built liquid-vapour degreaser that used trichloroethylene (TCE) as solvent. Many beautifully degreased skeletons, including a 22 m pygmy blue whale, were prepared during its 15-year operation. An accidental spill of TCE in 1999 led to the decommissioning of the unit. The decision to abandon the use of the toxic and dangerous TCE has led to a series of experiments to find a benign replacement process that will work either with the existing degreaser or heated maceration vats. Numerous chemicals and treatment methods have been trialled with limited success. However, one particular group of chemicals, glycol ether surfactant compounds, has shown promise and has been the main focus for our ongoing studies. Glycol ethers are broad-spectrum active solvents characterised by high dilution ratios, low evaporation rates and wide solubility range. Their unique solubility characteristics also allow them to be used as a coupling solvent in more complex situations containing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic components, and because of their compatibility with non-ionic surfactants, blended formulations with glycol ether solvents may provide a new solution to an old problem.