Suchergebnisse

This study aims to identify impediments to expanding women-owned businesses in rural areas of South Africa. The study used a quantitative research method to collect data. The study concentrated on 250 female business owners in the rural communities of Hluhluwe, Ulundi, and Eshowe in northern KZN. The study found that the main obstacles to expanding women-owned businesses in rural areas were financial constraints, a lack of education, and inadequate infrastructure. However, these difficulties experienced by women business owners in rural South Africa can be conquered. Overcoming these obstacles could empower women entrepreneurs and stimulate economic growth in rural areas, thus reducing poverty and enhancing the living standards of rural communities. Based on these findings, the study recommends various interventions, such as alternative financing models, targeted education and training programs, and infrastructure development, to support the growth of women-owned enterprises in rural areas. Future research should examine additional issues such as cultural and social hurdles, a lack of access to markets and information, and legal and regulatory restrictions that impede the establishment of women-owned businesses in rural areas.

The article is devoted to the actual problem of the formation of educational independence in children of primary school age at the first stage of general education. The paper reveals theoretical and methodological approaches to the concept of "educational independenceˮ, presents the essential characteristics of the formation of the process of educational independence in the scientific psychological and pedagogical literature: the tasks, features and stages of the organization of this process in younger schoolchildren are identified, the levels of formation of educational independence and criteria for their evaluation are formulated. The authors analyzed the domestic experience of the formation of educational independence of children of primary school age. Based on the analysis of programs for the formation of educational independence in the initial level of a general education organization, the authors characterize the most effective forms, methods and techniques of the teacher's work on the organization of the studied process. The article concludes that it is necessary to allocate a set of structural components of the educational activity management system of primary school students, which orient them to the manifestation of educational independence.

This paper is a systematic review of studies on the situation of Eastern European Roma. It examines themes of community, identity, and mobility published in the literature between 2002 and 2022 in the social science, law, and education fields. Studies were identified methodically by searching multidisciplinary electronic databases and hand searching. The studies found were imported into Mendeley, and titles and abstracts were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. A list of search terms with SKOS descriptors (thesaurus) was generated to cover the relevant topics. A data extraction table was drawn up with a set of fields for each of the studies. Items included bibliographic information, study type, study characteristics, participant characteristics, variables, main findings, and limitations. The database searches yielded a total of 6577 records. After an individual hand-search review of the texts, a total of 14 studies were considered and included. We concluded that very little research has been done on the central themes of the study. In addition, there are no texts that look in depth at the issue of education as a tool for poverty reduction.

Abstract
This study provides new evidence about the extent to which individual occupational status is determined by family of origin (ascription) and by educational attainment (achievement). Using linked administrative data from the Scottish Longitudinal Study, we measure intergenerational mobility using sibling correlations and we assess the effect of siblings' education on their occupational status by examining between- and within-sibling differences. We show that about 36 per cent of siblings' variation in occupational status in Scotland is attributable to shared family factors. Our observed measures of family background explain about 40 per cent of the shared family effect, meaning that family-based advantages in the Scottish labour market largely arise from unmeasured factors. We also find that siblings' educational attainment accounts for 80 per cent of the variation between families in occupational status. While this may suggest that the Scottish labour market is highly meritocratic, previous research that showed a very strong family effect on educational attainment leads us to a different interpretation, namely that social inequalities in education are the main mechanism through which inequalities between families are reproduced (and perhaps legitimated) in the Scottish labour market.

Within the competences developed in the social sciences classroom in secondary education, one of the most influential in shaping society is social and civic competence. In this context, educating for citizen participation and democracy is one of the main tasks in this stage since it lays the foundations for personal development, and it is the last stage in which competencies are developed globally. This exploratory type of research carries out a qualitative analysis of the results of a didactic intervention whose purpose is this task. It was carried out with a sample of 143 students, chosen by convenience procedure, not probabilistic, under the necessary conditions to participate in the intervention during the 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 academic years. Its objective is to analyze the training of secondary education students in Spain from the areas of social sciences and philosophy for democratic participation in society. The analysis methodology was qualitative and was carried out with the help of WEBQDA software. The results show an evolution in the knowledge about the concepts of "democracy" and "participation" and the disposition for citizen participation in the students included in the sample.

The objective of this study is to analyze the weaknesses and actors of technological entrepreneurship in Latin America, as well as to describe a case study where its actors work to reduce these weaknesses. The methodology with a qualitative approach based on the theory of resources and capabilities is divided into two stages: the first is a documentary analysis of three international entrepreneurship reports: Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, Dynamic Entrepreneurship Index and Global Startup Ecosystem Index, identifying weaknesses and actors through content analysis; in the second, a case study organization is described at the meso level, focused on technological entrepreneurship and artificial intelligence called: Artificial Intelligence Center - IA.Center State of Chihuahua. The results present the weaknesses of the countries evaluated with the highest entrepreneurship in LA: human capital and entrepreneurial education, CTI platform, business structure, government policy, access to financing and R&D transfers; as well as the role played by its stakeholders in education, government, finance, and innovation and technology. Finally, it described the mission, business model and actions carried out by the case study to reduce the weaknesses of regional technological entrepreneurship.

The digital transformation of public administration requires a significant change in the training of students in the fi eld of state and municipal administration (SMA), who possess a wide range of digital competencies. The foundation for the formation of digital competencies is the basic and special disciplines of mathematics and computer science. The purpose of this article is to determine the optimal trajectory of students' education to obtain the necessary competencies. For this purpose, the article consistently examines and solves the problems of the essence of digital competencies (1), the specifi c features of teaching mathematics and computer science to students in the area of SMA (2), the interaction of these courses with other courses in the area of SMA (3), the content, scope and sequence of these courses (4). Conclusions and suggestions are based on generalization rich experience of Lomonosov Moscow State University, one of the fi rst Russian universities that opened SMA education, based on the analysis of domestic and foreign literature, as well as regulatory documents governing the digital transformation of public administration.

ABSTRACT Health residencies constitute an important State strategy in regulating the training of professionals for the Unified Health System (SUS) within the scope of work management and health education policy. An investigation was carried out to analyze how the residency policy in the professional health area has been implemented in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, from 2010 to 2021, in terms of management, characteristics of residency programs, and resources invested. The work is a social research, of the case study type and mixed methods approach, with documental research and government data, which used the Policy Cycle Approach as a theoretical-analytical framework. We developed thematic content analysis based on what was collected, on theory and on the researchers' perspective, identifying the categories: policy actors and governance; expansion of training and funding; priority thematic areas; training in multiprofessional health residencies. We identified management experiences with the participation of different local actors, incremental investment in residency grants, and expansion of multiprofessional residencies in health. The challenge of implementing a health training policy remains, which, based on in-service education, acts as a driving force to advance the SUS.

The purpose of the study was to develop a critical approach to the informative self-development capacity of the future teacher, from a political point of view. Methodologically, the authors of the research used models such as: the laws of dialectics, the principles of objectivity, determinism, development, systematicity and interaction, to reveal the dynamics of the pedagogical educational process, leading to the application of the concept of development of social maturity; identifying in the discursive process, its contradictions and the interrelations of quantitative and qualitative changes inherent in the development of personality, at the stage of professional training in an institution of higher education; also studying, for this purpose, the patterns of progress of the subjects of pedagogical education in the context of updating the informational culture of society. In the conclusions, the study showed that scientists associate the solution of the problems of informational self-development capacity, as a communicational phenomenon detached from politics, which is a mistake, since any process of self-development essentially implies an empowerment of the subject, with different implications in the relations of knowledge and power of which it is a part.

This paper intends to scrutinize the personal and systemic factors affecting the well-being of in-service EFL teachers participating in a three-month online teacher professional education (OTPE) program in Indonesia. Moreover, it seeks to explore the resources that the teachers draw on to maintain their well-being. Six EFL teachers attending the OTPE program participated in this study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six focal participants. The data were qualitatively analyzed to find the emerging themes. The findings revealed that personal and systemic factors influenced the participants' well-being in the OTPE program. The personal factors included motivation, marital status, and spirituality, while the systemic factors encompassed the national policy on EFL teacher certification, teacher education institution, home school, and family. Moreover, the participants drew on personal resources, i.e., motivation and spirituality, and social resources, i.e., family members, colleagues, students, instructors, and fellow participants, to maintain their well-being during the OTPE program. Hence, the interplay between personal and systemic factors was quintessential to the EFL teachers' well-being in the program.

The purpose of the study is to analyze the educational and educational potential of the biographies of doctors-writers of the USA of the 20th century in the formation of hard and soft skills of students of higher medical education. Research methods: analysis, synthesis, systematization, generalization; search and bibliographic; analysis of literary sources; historical and comparative; biographical. The object of the study is the biographies of William Carlos Williams (1883–1963), Frank G. Slaughter (1908–2001), Richard Hooker (1924–1997), Allen Richard Seltzer (1928–2016) and Michael Crichton (1942–2008). Scientific novelty. The article substantiates the expediency of studying the biographies and elements of the literary heritage of doctors-writers of the USA of the 20th century for the purpose of comprehensive and harmonious development of students in medical universities. Conclusions. It is shown that getting acquainted with the biographies of outstanding doctors-writers of English-speaking countries during extracurricular educational activities contributes to the development of soft skills, as well as to the improvement of the communicative competence of students of higher medical education

Predicting academic success is essential in higher education because it is perceived as a critical driver for scientific and technological advancement and countries' economic and social development. This paper aims to retrieve the most relevant attributes for academic success by applying educational data mining (EDM) techniques to a Portuguese business school bachelor's historical data. We propose two predictive models to classify each student regarding academic success at enrolment and the end of the first academic year. We implemented a SEMMA methodology and tried several machine learning algorithms, including decision trees, KNN, neural networks, and SVM. The best classifier for academic success at the entry-level reached is a random forest with an accuracy of 69%. At the end of the first academic year, an MLP artificial neural network's best performance was achieved with an accuracy of 85%. The main findings show that at enrolment or the end of the first year, the grades and, thus, the student's previous education and engagement with the school environment are decisive in achieving academic success. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-SIED2-013 Full Text: PDF

Our human development is due to several factors, such as the correlation between mind, brain, body. This correlation allows us to have a complex, integrative view of a series of phenomena occurring in our body and mind. To have a permanent state of well-being, it is necessary that between the mind, brain, body, and the immediate context in which we live and act to have a natural connection. When there is a discrepancy between the elements of this correlation, it goes without saying that a cognitive discrepancy is occurring. Effective communication from this point of view aims to direct the flow of energy and information towards a complex integration of the entire human development system. Our well-being owes much to this integration. The mind-brain-body connection most directly shapes our well-being. Knowledge of the human brain is necessary for effective communication in this field. Objectively speaking, until now everything related to the knowledge of the human brain has not been considered, most of the time in education. Somehow only external factors related to effective communication in education were considered.

This research uses the descriptive survey method to demonstrate school principals' functional tasks' role in improving educational outcomes. A questionnaire was applied to the sample comprising (n=311) individual, who was selected using a random cluster method. The respondents reported that school administrations have a moderate role in improving educational outcomes on all axes. School administrations perform their functional role at a high level, while teachers believe school administrations perform their role at a medium level. Technical and administrative functional tasks were the most performed by the school administration and at a moderate level. The school administration's fourth axis related to parents was the least performed. The findings also showed that School principals are working to improve educational outcomes to a medium degree and that the knowledge outputs field topped the axes, followed by the skills field. The emotion field ranked last. However, the researchers hope that the results of this research will help officials in the Ministry of Education and school administrations improve public education outcomes.

Received: 12 January 2023 / Accepted: 16 June 2023 / Published: 5 July 2023

AbstractThis study enriches the limited literature on multidimensional poverty by focusing on household demographic characteristics as determinants of household-specific living arrangements in Pakistan. The study employs the Alkire and Foster methodology to measure the multidimensional poverty index (MPI) using data drawn from the latest available nationally representative Household Integrated Economic Survey (HIES 2018-19). The analysis investigates multidimensional poverty levels among households in Pakistan according to various criteria (such as access to education and healthcare, basic living standards, and monetary status) and how they differ across Pakistan's regions and provinces. The results indicate that 22% of Pakistanis are multidimensionally poor in terms of health, education, basic living standards, and monetary status; and that multidimensional poverty is more common in rural areas and Balochistan. Furthermore, the logistic regression results show that households with more working-age people, employed women, and employed young people are less likely to be poor, whereas households with more dependents and children are more likely to be poor. This study recommends policies for addressing poverty that consider the needs of multidimensionally poor Pakistani households in various regions and with various demographic characteristics.